ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway

Global

 

This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the

 

 

 

WAN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.

 

 

 

 

 

9.1.2 What NAT Does

In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.

The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping – see Table 9-2), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. If no server is defined in these cases, all incoming inquiries will be filtered out by your ZyWALL, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

9.1.3 How NAT Works

Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyWALL keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.

9-2

NAT