P312 Broadband Security Gateway
Glossary Y
system, meaning that an end-to-end private circuit is established between caller and
callee.
Public Key
Encryption System of encrypting electronic files using a key pair. The key pair contains a public
key used during encryption, and a corresponding private key used during decryption.
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit. A PVC is a logical point-to-point circuit between customer
sites. PVCs are low-delay circuits because routing decisions do not need to be made
along the way. Permanent means that the circuit is preprogrammed by the carrier as a
path through the network. It does not need to be set up or torn down for each session.
Reconnaissance The finding and observation of potential targets for a cracker to attack.
RFC An RFC (Request for Comments) is an Internet formal document or standard that is
the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. Some
RFCs are informational in nature. Of those that are intended to become Internet
standards, the final version of the RFC becomes the standard and no further
comments or changes are permitted. Change can occur, however, through
subsequent RFCs.
RIP Routing Information Protocol is an interior or intra-domain routing protocol that uses
the distance-vector routing algorithms. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in
the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between
routers.
Router A device that connects two networks together. Routers monitor, direct, and filter
information that passes between these networks. Because of their location, routers are
a good place to install traffic or mail filters. Routers are also prone to attacks because
they contain a great deal of information about a network.
SAP In NetWare, the SAP (Service Advertising Protocol) broadcasts information about
available services on the network that other network devices can listen to. A server
sends out SAP messages every 60 seconds. A server also sends out SAP messages
to inform other devices that it is closing down. Workstations use SAP to find services
they need on the network.
SATAN A UNIX program that gathers information on networks and stores it in databases. It is
helpful in finding security flaws such as incorrect settings, software bugs and poor
policy decisions. It shows network services that are running, the different types of
hardware and software on the network, and other information. It was written to help
users find security flaws in their network systems.
Server A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client
software running on other computers.
Shoulder Surfing Looking over someone's shoulder to see the numbers they dial on a phone, or the
information they enter into a computer.
SNMP System Network Management Protocol is a popular management protocol defined by
the Internet community for TCP/IP networks. It is a communication protocol for
collecting information from devices on the network.
Snooping Passively watching a network for information that could be used to a hacker's
advantage, such as passwords. Usually done while Camping Out.
SOCKS A protocol that handles TCP traffic through proxy servers.