ADVANCED MICRO SYSTEMS, INC. | ADDENDUM |
About Step Motor Current
There is much confusion regarding the operation of step motors. Depending on your application, the step motor offers several advantages over servo motor designs, including lower cost and simplicity. The step (or stepper, or stepping) motor is a digital “synchronous” motor with a pre
Step Motor Characteristics
∙The positional repeatability of each full or half step is very close to exact.
∙While microsteps are repeatable, they tend to be somewhat
∙The torque is maximum at zero speed.
∙The motor shaft RPM exactly correlates with the
∙Torque decreases with speed, eventually to zero or a “stall” condition.
∙Resonance at certain speeds can cause undesired stalls or erratic operation.
There is little difference between today’s step motor and the first generation of 60+ years ago. The magnetic materials and torque have been improved, yet it remains a simple, reliable workhorse of industrial motion control. Over time most improvements have been made to the drive and control electronics, i.e., microstep,
One insatiable hunger of a step motor is torque output at higher speeds. Winding inductance is the villain that limits speed. As the windings are switched on, the magnetic flux must be built up from current flow in the windings, producing mechanical torque. Higher step rates reduce the time available for flux to buildup and average current flow is reduced.
200 |
| AM23_210_3 4A RMS MOTOR |
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180 |
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160 |
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140 |
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120 |
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| 160V |
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in- |
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100 |
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oz |
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80 |
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60 |
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| 80V |
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40 |
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20 |
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| 40V |
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0 |
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10 | 100 | 1000 | 10000 | 100000 |
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| half steps / sec |
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Note: The
This reduced current results in reduced torque. The rate of current change depends on the voltage applied across it. High voltage applied across the coil will shorten the time constant.
Today’s systems strive for low inductance motors and high voltage supplies. The above curves show the increased speed that might be obtained with higher supply voltages, up to 160Vdc. At standstill the average motor voltage is regulated to approximately 3Vdc.
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