Chapter 11 Performance Monitoring

Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring

11.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring

Intermediate-path performance monitoring (IPPM) allows transparent monitoring of a constituent channel of an incoming transmission signal by a node that does not terminate that channel. You can program IPPM from the Provisioning > Optical > SDH VC high-order path tab in card view. Many large ONS 15310-MA SDH networks only use line terminating equipment (LTE), not path terminating equipment (PTE).

ONS 15310-MA SDH allows monitoring of near-end PM parameter data on individual VC high-order path payloads by enabling IPPM. After enabling IPPM provisioning on the line card, service providers can monitor large amounts of synchronous transport signal (VC high-order path) traffic through intermediate nodes, thus making troubleshooting and maintenance activities more efficient.

IPPM occurs only on VC high-order path paths that have IPPM enabled, and TCAs are raised only for PM parameters on the selected IPPM paths. The monitored IPPM parameters are VC high-order path CV-P, VC ES-P, VC SES-P, VC UAS-P.

Note Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SDH path PM parameters can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.

The ONS 15310-MA SDH perform IPPM by examining the overhead in the monitored path and by reading all of the near-end path PM parameters in the incoming direction of transmission. The IPPM process allows the path signal to pass bidirectionally through the node completely unaltered.

For detailed information about specific PM parameters, locate the card name in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.

11.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring

Pointers are used to compensate for frequency and phase variations. Pointer justification counts indicate timing errors on SDH networks. When a network is out of sync, jitter and wander occurs on the transported signal. Excessive wander can cause terminating equipment to slip. It also causes slips at the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) boundaries.

Slips cause different effects in service. Voice service has intermittent audible clicks. Compressed voice technology has short transmission errors or dropped calls. Fax machines lose scanned lines or experience dropped calls. Digital video transmission has distorted pictures or frozen frames. Encryption service loses the encryption key, causing data to be transmitted again.

Pointers provide a way to align the phase variations in VC high-order path and VC low-order path payloads. The VC high-order path payload pointer is located in the H1 and H2 bytes of the line overhead. Clocking differences are measured by the offset in bytes from the pointer to the first byte of the VC high-order path synchronous payload envelope (SPE), called the J1 byte. Clocking differences that exceed the normal range of 0 to 782 can cause data loss.

You can enable positive pointer justification count (PPJC) and negative pointer justification count (NPJC) PM parameters for LTE cards. PPJC is a count of path-detected (PPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (PPJC-Pgen) positive pointer justifications. NPJC is a count of path-detected (NPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (NPJC-Pgen) negative pointer justifications, depending on the specific PM parameter.

A consistent pointer justification count indicates clock synchronization problems between nodes. A difference between the counts means that the node transmitting the original pointer justification has timing variations with the node detecting and transmitting this count. Positive pointer adjustments occur when the frame rate of the SPE is too slow in relation to the rate of the VC3.

Cisco ONS 15310-MA SDH Reference Manual, Release 9.1 and Release 9.2

 

78-19417-01

11-3

 

 

 

Page 215
Image 215
Cisco Systems 15310-MA manual Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring, 11-3

15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has established itself as a leader in the networking domain, offering a wide array of solutions to meet the needs of modern businesses. Among its impressive product lineup are the Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA routers, designed to provide advanced network performance and reliability.

The Cisco 15310-CL is a versatile platform that primarily serves as a carrier-class router aimed at supporting high-speed data and voice services. It is built to handle the demands of large enterprises and service providers, offering a robust design that ensures maximum uptime and performance. One of its standout features is its modular architecture, which enables users to customize their configurations based on specific application needs. This scalability allows for future expansion without the need for a complete hardware overhaul.

Key technologies integrated into the Cisco 15310-CL include high-density Ethernet interfaces and a comprehensive suite of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol support. The device is capable of supporting multiple types of connections, including TDM, ATM, and Ethernet. This flexibility makes it an ideal choice for organizations that require seamless migration between various service types. Moreover, with features such as MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) support and advanced Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms, the router ensures that critical applications receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency required for optimal performance.

In contrast, the Cisco 15310-MA focuses on access solutions, providing a cost-effective entry point for businesses looking to enhance their network capabilities. It is well-suited for smaller offices or branch locations that need reliable connectivity without the expense and complexity associated with larger systems. The device supports a range of access methods and provides essential features like firewall capabilities, VPN support, and comprehensive security measures to protect sensitive data.

Both models benefit from Cisco's commitment to security and manageability, offering features like enhanced encryption protocols and user authentication mechanisms that help safeguard networks against threats. Additionally, they can be managed through Cisco’s intuitive software tools, simplifying configuration and monitoring tasks for IT administrators.

The Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA are ideal solutions for businesses seeking to enhance their network infrastructure, ensuring firms can keep pace with evolving technology demands while maintaining a focus on security and performance. Their combination of advanced features, modular capabilities, and robust support makes them valuable assets in the networking landscape.