Chapter 8 Management Network Connectivity

TCP/IP and OSI Networking

In addition to the primary manual area address, you can also create two additional manual area addresses. These manual area addresses can be used to:

Split up an area—Nodes within a given area can accumulate to a point that they are difficult to manage, cause excessive traffic, or threaten to exceed the usable address space for an area. Additional manual area addresses can be assigned so that you can smoothly partition a network into separate areas without disrupting service.

Merge areas—Use transitional area addresses to merge as many as three separate areas into a single area that shares a common area address.

Change to a different address—You might need to change an area address for a particular group of nodes. Use multiple manual area addresses to allow incoming traffic intended for an old area address to continue being routed to associated nodes.

8.6.7IP-over-CLNS Tunnels

IP-over-CLNS tunnels are used to encapsulate IP for transport across OSI NEs. The ONS 15310-MA SDH supports two tunnel types:

GRE—Generic Routing Encapsulation is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates one network layer for transport across another. GRE tunnels add both a CLNS header and a GRE header to the tunnel frames. GRE tunnels are supported by Cisco routers and some other vendor NEs.

Cisco IP—The Cisco IP tunnel directly encapsulates the IP packet with no intermediate header. Cisco IP is supported by most Cisco routers.

Figure 8-18shows the protocol flow when an IP-over-CLNS tunnel is created through four NEs (A, B, C, and D). The tunnel ends are configured on NEs A and D, which support both IP and OSI. NEs B and C only support OSI, so they only route the OSI packets.

Figure 8-18 IP-over-CLNS Tunnel Flow

NE-D

 

NE-C

 

 

 

SNMP HTTP

RMON FTP

Telnet

UDP

TCP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GRE

 

 

 

IPv4

 

Tunnel

CLNP

 

CLNP

 

 

 

 

 

 

LLC1

 

 

LAPD

 

LAPD

 

 

 

 

 

 

LAN

 

 

DCC

 

DCC

 

 

 

 

 

 

NE-B

CLNP

LAPD

DCC

NE-A (GNE)

 

 

 

 

GRE

 

CLNP

Tunnel

IPv4

 

 

 

LAPD

 

LLC1

 

 

 

DCC

 

LAN

 

 

 

EMS

SNMP HTTP RMON FTP Telnet

UDP TCP

IPv4

LLC1

LAN

131956

 

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Cisco Systems 15310-MA manual IP-over-CLNS Tunnels, Ems

15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has established itself as a leader in the networking domain, offering a wide array of solutions to meet the needs of modern businesses. Among its impressive product lineup are the Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA routers, designed to provide advanced network performance and reliability.

The Cisco 15310-CL is a versatile platform that primarily serves as a carrier-class router aimed at supporting high-speed data and voice services. It is built to handle the demands of large enterprises and service providers, offering a robust design that ensures maximum uptime and performance. One of its standout features is its modular architecture, which enables users to customize their configurations based on specific application needs. This scalability allows for future expansion without the need for a complete hardware overhaul.

Key technologies integrated into the Cisco 15310-CL include high-density Ethernet interfaces and a comprehensive suite of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol support. The device is capable of supporting multiple types of connections, including TDM, ATM, and Ethernet. This flexibility makes it an ideal choice for organizations that require seamless migration between various service types. Moreover, with features such as MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) support and advanced Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms, the router ensures that critical applications receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency required for optimal performance.

In contrast, the Cisco 15310-MA focuses on access solutions, providing a cost-effective entry point for businesses looking to enhance their network capabilities. It is well-suited for smaller offices or branch locations that need reliable connectivity without the expense and complexity associated with larger systems. The device supports a range of access methods and provides essential features like firewall capabilities, VPN support, and comprehensive security measures to protect sensitive data.

Both models benefit from Cisco's commitment to security and manageability, offering features like enhanced encryption protocols and user authentication mechanisms that help safeguard networks against threats. Additionally, they can be managed through Cisco’s intuitive software tools, simplifying configuration and monitoring tasks for IT administrators.

The Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA are ideal solutions for businesses seeking to enhance their network infrastructure, ensuring firms can keep pace with evolving technology demands while maintaining a focus on security and performance. Their combination of advanced features, modular capabilities, and robust support makes them valuable assets in the networking landscape.