6947TOC.fm

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2.2.8 Storage operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2.2.9 Reserved storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2.2.10 LPAR storage granularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2.2.11 LPAR Dynamic Storage Reconfiguration (DSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 2.2.12 I/O subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 2.2.13 Channel Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Chapter 3. I/O system structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3.2 I/O cages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3.2.1 Self-Timed Interconnect (STI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3.2.2 STIs and I/O cage connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3.2.3 Balancing I/O connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.3 I/O and cryptographic feature cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.3.1 I/O feature cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3.3.2 Cryptographic feature cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3.3.3 Physical Channel IDs (PCHIDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3.4 Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.4.1 I/O and cryptographic features support and configuration rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.4.2 ESCON channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3.4.3 FICON channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 3.4.4 OSA-Express adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3.4.5 Coupling Facility links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 3.4.6 External Time Reference (ETR) feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.4.7 Cryptographic features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Chapter 4. Channel Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 4.1 Multiple Logical Channel Subsystem (LCSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4.1.1 Logical Channel Subsystem structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4.1.2 Physical Channel ID (PCHID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 4.1.3 Channel spanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 4.2 LCSS configuration management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.2.1 z990 configuration management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 4.3 LCSS-related numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Chapter 5. Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.1 Cryptographic function support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.1.1 Cryptographic Synchronous functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.1.2 Cryptographic Asynchronous functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.2 z990 Cryptographic processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 5.2.1 CP Assist for Cryptographic Function (CPACF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 5.2.2 PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor (PCIXCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.2.3 PCI Cryptographic Accelerator (PCICA) feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 5.3 Cryptographic hardware features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.3.1 PCIX Cryptographic Coprocessor feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.3.2 The PCICA feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5.3.3 Configuration rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5.3.4 z990 cryptographic feature codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 5.3.5 TKE workstation feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 5.4 Cryptographic features comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 5.5 Software requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Chapter 6. Software support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 6.1 Operating system support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

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990 specifications

The IBM 990 series, often referred to in the context of IBM's pioneering efforts in the realm of mainframe computing, represents a unique chapter in the history of information technology. Introduced in the late 1960s, the IBM 990 series was designed as a powerful tool for enterprise-level data processing and scientific calculations, showcasing the company's commitment to advancing computing capabilities.

One of the main features of the IBM 990 was its architecture, which was built to support a wide range of applications, from business processing to complex scientific computations. The system employed a 32-bit word length, which was advanced for its time, allowing for more flexible and efficient data handling. CPUs in the IBM 990 series supported multiple instructions per cycle, which contributed significantly to the overall efficiency and processing power of the machines.

The technology behind the IBM 990 was also notable for its use of solid-state technology. This provided a shift away from vacuum tube systems that were prevalent in earlier computing systems, enhancing the reliability and longevity of the hardware. The IBM 990 series utilized core memory, which was faster and more reliable than the magnetic drum memory systems that had been standard up to that point.

Another defining characteristic of the IBM 990 was its extensibility. Organizations could configure the machine to suit their specific needs by adding memory, storage, and peripheral devices as required. This modular approach facilitated the growth of systems alongside the technological and operational demands of the business environments they served.

In terms of software, the IBM 990 series was compatible with a variety of operating systems and programming environments, including FORTRAN and COBOL, enabling users to access a broader array of applications. This versatility was a significant advantage, making the IBM 990 an appealing choice for educational institutions, research facilities, and enterprises alike.

Moreover, the IBM 990 was engineered to support multiprocessing, which allowed multiple processes to run simultaneously, further increasing its effectiveness in tackling complex computing tasks.

In summary, the IBM 990 series represents a significant advancement in computing technology during the late 20th century. With a robust architecture, versatile configuration options, and a focus on solid-state technology, the IBM 990 facilitated substantial improvements in data processing capabilities, making it a cornerstone for many businesses and academic institutions of its time. Its impact can still be seen today in the continued evolution of mainframe computing.
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