Condenser Types, Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled | Trane TRG-TRC016-EN

period one

Types of Water Chillers

notes

Condenser Types

air-cooled

water-cooled

Figure 8

Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled Condensing

The heat exchangers in the water chiller (the condenser and evaporator) have the second greatest impact on chiller efficiency and cost. One of the most distinctive differences in chiller heat exchangers continues to be the type of condenser selected—air-cooled versus water-cooled.

Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled

air-cooled

water-cooled

0tons	500tons	1,000tons	1,500tons	2,000tons 2,500tons 3,000tons
[0kW]	[1,759kW]	[3,517kW]	[5,276kW]	[7,034kW]	[8,793kW] [10,551kW]

chiller capacity

Figure 9

When comparing air-cooled and water-cooled chillers, available capacity is the first distinguishing characteristic. Air-cooled chillers are typically available in packaged chillers ranging from 7.5 to 500 tons [25 to 1,580 kW]. Packaged water-cooled chillers are typically available from 10 to 3,000 tons [35 to 10,500 kW].

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Trane TRG-TRC016-EN manual Condenser Types, Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled Condensing

Contents

Air Conditioning Clinic Chilled-Water Systems Business Reply Mail One of the Systems Series Comment Card One of the Systems Series Publication Trane Company Preface Contents Iii Water systems Types of Water Chillers Compressor-driven heat-driven Driving Sources Vapor-Compression Water Chillers Vapor-Compression Cycle Scroll Reciprocating Helical-rotarycentrifugal Compressor Types Variable-Speed Drives Air-Cooled or Water-Cooled Condenser TypesAir-Cooled or Water-Cooled Condensing Maintenance Low Ambient Operation Efficiency Comparison Packaged or Split Components Packaged Air-Cooled Chiller Remote Evaporator Barrel Remote Air-Cooled Condenser Indoor Air-Cooled Condenser Absorption Water Chillers Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Absorption Chillers Offer Choice Single-effectdouble-effect Direct-fired Absorption Chiller Types Equipment Rating Standards Equipment Rating StandardsAir-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute ARI Integrated Part-Load Value Iplv Part-Load Efficiency RatingNon-Standard Part-Load Value Nplv Evaporator Condenser Rating Chiller type Flow rate Standard Rating Conditions QBtu/hr = 500 ⋅ flow rate ⋅ ∆T Flow Rates and Temperatures ARI conditions Low-flow conditions Electric Vapor-Compression Chillers ASHRAE/IESNA StandardEnergy Standard Chiller type Capacity Water-Cooled Absorption Chillers Ashrae Standard Chilled-Water System Components Chilled-Water System Design Chilled-Water System Load-Terminal Control Load-Terminal Control Options Three-Way Valve Control Two-Way Valve Control Face-and-Bypass Damper Control Three-way modulating valve Chiller Evaporator FlowConstant flow is most common Variable flow is possible Single-Chiller System Redundancy Part-load efficiency Multiple-Chiller Systems Single Pump Parallel Configuration Dedicated Pumps Percent flow Chillers Piped in Series Series Configuration Equal Set Points Staggered Set Points Primary-Secondary Decoupled Configuration Primary-Secondary Configuration Bypass pipe should be free of restrictions Primary-Secondary System Rules Production Loop Manifolded Production Pumps Distribution Loop Load terminals should use two-way modulating control valves Bypass pipe should be free of restrictions Variable-speed control riding the pump curve Varying Distribution Flow Multiple Distribution Pumps Distribution Tertiary Pumping Distribution Loop Characteristics Primary-Secondary System Rules Primary-Secondary System Operation System Operation Deficit Flow Excess Flow Control of Primary-Secondary System Pressure-based Types of Fluid Flow MetersTurbine and impeller Vortex Magnetic Ultrasonic Temperature-Based Calculations Alternate Fuel Choice Electric Utility Deregulation Indirectly-coupled, gas-engine chillers Fuel Choice Options Low-Flow Systems Chiller Efficiency Improvements Trend Toward Lower Flow Rates Greater Focus on System Efficiency Low-Flow Systems Variable-Primary-Flow Systems Variable-Primary-Flow Systems Critical VPF System Requirements Preferential Loading Preferential Chiller Loading Sidestream Configuration Heat Recovery Heat-Recovery Chiller Heat-recovery Auxiliary Dual condenser Condenser Heat pump Heat-Recovery Chiller Options Mode Heat-Recovery Chiller Efficiency Unloadingwith Control of a Heat-Recovery Chiller Asymmetric Design Asymmetric DesignDifferent chiller Capacities Different chiller Swing Chiller Chiller Free Cooling Free CoolingAirside economizer Waterside economizer Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchanger Refrigerant Migration Application Outside the Operating Range of the Chiller Application Outside Range of Chiller Chiller-Plant Control Chiller Controls What Is Important? Chiller Sequencing Chiller Sequencing Temperature Flow Capacity Chiller Rotation Small electric Chiller largeelectric chiller Heat Recovery Variable-Primary-Flow Systems Failure Recovery and Contingency Planning System Failure RecoveryMaintain flow of chilled water Keep it simple Notify the operator Allow the operator to intervene Contingency Planning System Tuning System TimersLoad-confirmation timer Staging-interval timer Unload Before Start Soft Loading Chilled-Water Set Point Control System Optimization System Optimization Pros Chilled Water ResetCons Tower Condenser-Water Temperature Control of Condensing Pressure Operator Interface Operator Training and Support Operator Interface Ashrae Guideline Vapor-compression water chillers Review-Period One Load-terminal control Review-Period Two Review-Period Three Review-Period Four For more information, refer to the following references Quiz 109 Answers 111 Glossary 113 114 115 Trane Company