Apple II manual Object Code Dump

Page 100

396

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

397

1F9D

20

0D

1F

FDIV

JSR MD1

TAKE ABS VAL OF MANT1, MANT2

398

1FA0

E5

08

 

 

SBC X1

SUBTRACT EXP1 FROM EXP2

399

1FA2

20

CD 1F

 

JSR MD2

SAVE AS QUOTIENT EXP

400

1FA5

38

 

 

DIV1

SEC

SET CARRY FOR SUBTRACT

401

1FA6

A2

02

 

 

LDX =$02

INDEX FOR 3-BYTE INSTRUCTION

402

1FA8

B5

05

 

DIV2

LDA M2,X

 

403

1FAA

F5

0C

 

 

SBC E,X

SUBTRACT A BYTE OF E FROM MANT2

404

1FAC

48

 

 

 

PHA

SAVE ON STACK

405

1FAD

CA

 

 

 

DEX

NEXT MORE SIGNIF BYTE

406

1FAE

10

F8

 

 

BPL DIV2

LOOP UNTIL DONE

407

1FB0

A2

FD

 

 

LDX =$FD

INDEX FOR 3-BYTE CONDITIONAL MOVE

408

1FB2

68

 

 

DIV3

PLA

PULL A BYTE OF DIFFERENCE OFF STACK

409

1FB3

90

02

 

 

BCC DIV4

IF MANT2<E THEN DONT RESTORE MANT2

410

1FB5

95

08

 

 

STA M2+3,X

 

411

1FB7

E8

 

 

DIV4

INX

NEXT LESS SIGNIF BYTE

412

1FB8

D0

F8

 

 

BNE DIV3

LOOP UNTIL DONE

413

1FBA

26

0B

 

 

ROL M1+2

 

414

1FBC

26

0A

 

 

ROL M1+1

ROLL QUOTIENT LEFT, CARRY INTO LSB

415

1FBE

26

09

 

 

ROL M1

 

416

1FC0

06

07

 

 

ASL M2+2

 

417

1FC2

26

06

 

 

ROL M2+1

SHIFT DIVIDEND LEFT

418

1FC4

26

05

 

 

ROL M2

 

419

1FC6

B0

1C

 

 

BCS OVFL

OVERFLOW IS DUE TO UNNORMALIZED DIVISOR

420

1FC8

88

 

 

 

DEY

NEXT DIVIDE ITERATION

421

1FC9

D0

DA

 

 

BNE DIV1

LOOP UNTIL DONE 23 ITERATIONS

422

1FCB

F0

BE

 

 

BEQ MDEND

NORMALIZE QUOTIENT AND CORRECT SIGN

423

1FCD

86

0B

 

MD2

STX M1+2

 

424

1FCF

86

0A

 

 

STX M1+1

CLR MANT1 (3 BYTES) FOR MUL/DIV

425

1FD1

86

09

 

 

STX M1

 

426

1FD3

B0

0D

 

 

BCS OVCHK

IF EXP CALC SET CARRY, CHECK FOR OVFL

427

1FD5

30

04

 

 

BMI MD3

IF NEG NO UNDERFLOW

428

1FD7

68

 

 

 

PLA

POP ONE

429

1FD8

68

 

 

 

PLA

RETURN LEVEL

430

1FD9

90

B2

 

 

BCC NORMX

CLEAR X1 AND RETURN

431

1FDB

49

80

 

MD3

EOR =$80

COMPLIMENT SIGN BIT OF EXP

432

1FDD

85

08

 

 

STA X1

STORE IT

433

1FDF

A0

17

 

 

LDY =$17

COUNT FOR 24 MUL OR 23 DIV ITERATIONS

434

1FE1

60

 

 

 

RTS

RETURN

435

1FE2

10

F7

 

OVCHK

BPL MD3

IF POS EXP THEN NO OVERFLOW

436

1FE4

00

 

 

OVFL

BRK

 

437

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

438

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

439

 

 

 

 

*

CONVERT EXP/MANT1 TO INTEGER IN M1 (HIGH) AND M1+1(LOW)

440

 

 

 

 

*

EXP/MANT2 UNEFFECTED

441

 

 

 

 

*

 

 

442

1FE5

20

5F

1F

 

JSR RTAR

SHIFT MANT1 RT AND INCREMENT EXPNT

443

1FE8

A5

08

 

FIX

LDA X1

CHECK EXPONENT

444

1FEA

C9

8E

 

 

CMP =$8E

IS EXPONENT 14?

445

1FEC

D0

F7

 

 

BNE FIX-3

NO, SHIFT

446

1FEE

60

 

 

RTRN

RTS

RETURN

447

 

 

 

 

 

END

 

OBJECT CODE DUMP

1D00 A5 09 F0 02 10 01 00 20 1C 1F A2 00 A5 04 A0 80 1D10 84 04 49 80 85 0A 10 01 CA 86 09 20 2C 1F A2 03 1D20 B5 04 95 10 B5 08 95 18 BD D4 1D 95 08 CA 10 F0 1D30 20 4A 1F A2 03 B5 08 95 14 B5 10 95 08 BD D4 1D 1D40 95 04 CA 10 F0 20 50 1F A2 03 B5 14 95 04 CA 10 1D50 F9 20 9D 1F A2 03 B5 08 95 14 95 04 CA 10 F7 20

Image 100
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9 FA60FFFF02E61FBD JJJ 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page System Monitor Copyright LOC0LOC1 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 LDA IN,Y CMPBNE Nomove JSRMloop DCRBNZ Mloop RTNINR BNCBNZ BM1Example Load IndirectStore Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect Compare BF A0 SET $A0BFLOOP1 SUB BNC LOOP1Return to 6502 Mode DecrementLOOP2 BNZ LOOP2Branch if no Carry Branch if Carry SETBranch if Plus LOOP3 SUBBranch if Minus ONE Branch if not Minus ONEBreak Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source DSP Print Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl DInput Enter String a $ , a $ NVAPoke 776 , a REM Poke Destination Print Print GotoCall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor SweetMINI-ASSEMBLER BaumMneml MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index ORG CLCSTA BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWStored High LOW EXP MantissaFloating Point Representation Examples Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page STY Init MANT1 LDY STYCalling Sequence HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 YES,RETURN with MANT1 Normalized Right Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on CarryCMP AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA LOG FaddFsub FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Tapdel HsbdryToutfl LstcomOutvec Urcvec=UBRKVC =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F BEQ STXCPX JMPExwrap RTS Chksad PHPOutxah PHA TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 Dumpt DUMPT1 TXADMPT1A LDA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Rockwell International UdrahUddra NowlnOldlen LengthMovad TMASK1 =MOVADCurpos ChecksumTabuff TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN Rtmode Getfmt TAXMNNDX1 LSR MNNDX2 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXBrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Addblk ADDS1ABkcksm BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation Procedure Entering BasicMemory SIZE? WIDTH?Exiting Basic Reentering BasicBasic Cursor Printer ControlASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Direct and Indirect Commands Direct Commands Indirect CommandsOperating on Programs and Lines Listing a ProgramDeleting a Line Replacing a LineDeleting a Program List Printing DataNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Program Using Relations RemarksRelational Tests Input BLooping Square Root ProgramAN Improved Square Root Program Print NsqrnAnother Square Root Program Print Nsqrn Next NCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Some Other Looping OperationsPrint What is the Number Print I,J Next Next JMatrix Operations Sort ProgramPrint BAD GUESS, TRY Again Restore Input NPrint Must be Integer Stopping a ProgramStrings $=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500LEN Function Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionPrint B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500 Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs FunctionsCHR$ Function Data AIM 65,DOGAdditional String Considerations Name Example PURPOSE/USE DIMInput Input X$ Print Print X$Operators Symbol Sample Statement ESCCntl Print Print X/1.3Negation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotCommands Print Intruder AlertAlert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FRE Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ListStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SaveProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Gosub Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GotoStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENIf X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto Example Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LETStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Restore Symbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION WaitExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Input Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Read Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGN Print SgnxStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Print Sinx?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsThis is Probably the Most Important Speed Hint Converting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 BasicOLD AIM OLDAssembly Language Subroutines Ascii Character Codes DecimalNUL SOHAddress Content $AEInputnumbern PrintxRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 Editor OUT=T F=OUT=T F=FNAME T= IN=ATN Implementation Entered by Alter Memory MOF9C 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.