Apple II manual OPCMP1 LDA, Brnchc JMP, Convrt LDA

Page 203

3787

FCC3 D0 06

 

BNE

OPCOMP

 

3788

FCC5 20 94 E3

ERRORM JSR

CKER00

;OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE

3789

FCC8 4C AA FB

 

JMP

STARTM

 

3790

FCCB

 

 

 

 

3791

FCCB

;COMPUTE FINAL OP CODE FOR DEFINED ADDRESING MODE

3792

FCCB BD E2 FA

OPCOMP LDA TYPTR1,X

;MATCH TYPE MASK WITH VALID MODE

3793

FCCE F0 05

 

BEQ OPCMP1

;PATTERNS & SKIP 1ST WORD TEST IF

3794

FCD0 2D 26 01

 

AND TMASK1

;ALREADY ZERO

3795

FCD3 D0 08

 

BNE

VALID

 

3796

FCD5 BD F1 FA

OPCMP1 LDA

TYPTR2,X

;TEST 2ND PART

3797

FCD8 2D 27 01

 

AND

TMASK2

;INST DOES NOT HAVE SPECIFIED MODE

3798

FCDB F0 E8

 

BEQ

ERRORM

 

3799

FCDD 18

VALID

CLC

 

;FORM FINAL OP CODE

3800

FCDE BD 00 FB

 

LDA

CORR,X

 

3801

FCE1 6D 34 A4

 

ADC

OPCODE

 

3802

FCE4 8D 34 A4

 

STA

OPCODE

 

3803

FCE7

 

 

 

 

3804

FCE7

;PROCESS ADRESSES TO FINAL FORMAT

3805

FCE7 BD 0F FB

 

LDA

SIZEM,X

;OBTAIN ADDRESS FORMAT FROM TABLE

3806

FCEA C9 00

 

CMP

#00

 

3807

FCEC F0 50

 

BEQ

ONEBYT

 

3808

FCEE C9 0F

 

CMP

#$0F

;NEED BRANCH COMPUTATION?

3809

FCF0 F0 1D

 

BEQ

BRNCHC

 

3810

FCF2 8D 33 A4

 

STA

TEMPA

;SAVE START POINT & CHAR COUNT

3811

FCF5 29 0F

 

AND

#$0F

;SEPARATE CHARACTER COUNT

3812

FCF7 A8

 

TAY

 

;LOAD ADDR BYTES INTO Y (0,1,OR 2)

3813

FCF8 8D 2F A4

 

STA

BYTESM

;SAVE IN BYTES

3814

FCFB EE 2F A4

 

INC

BYTESM

;TO INSTR LENGTH (1,2,OR 3 BYTES)

3815

FCFE AD 33 A4

 

LDA

TEMPA

;SEPARATE STARTING POINT

3816

FD01 29 F0

 

AND

#$F0

 

3817

FD03 4A

 

LSR

A

 

3818

FD04 4A

 

LSR

A

 

3819

FD05 4A

 

LSR

A

 

3820

FD06 4A

 

LSR

A

 

3821

FD07 AA

 

TAX

 

;AND PUT IT IN X

3822

FD08 20 12 FD

 

JSR

CONVRT

;CONVERT ASCII ADDRESS TO HEX

3823

FD0B B0 B8

 

BCS

ERRORM

;SKIP OUT IF ERROR IN INPUT

3824

FD0D 90 1D

 

BCC

STASH

 

3825

FD0F 4C 86 FD

BRNCHC JMP

BRCOMP

 

3826

FD12

 

 

 

 

3827

FD12

;############ SUBROUTINE ###############

3828

FD12

;CONVERT FORMATTED ADDRESS INTO PROPER HEX ADDRESS

3829

FD12 BD 33 01

CONVRT LDA

ADFLD,X

;PICK UP 1ST ADDRES CHARACTER

3830

FD15 20 7D EA

 

JSR

HEX

;CONVERT TO MOST SIG HEX

3831

FD18 B0 11

 

BCS

ERRFLG

 

3832

FD1A E8

 

INX

 

;GET NEXT ASCII CHARACTER

3833

FD1B BD 33 01

 

LDA

ADFLD,X

 

3834

FD1E E8

 

INX

 

;POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER, IF ANY

3835

FD1F 20 84 EA

 

JSR

PACK

 

3836

FD22 B0 07

 

BCS

ERRFLG

 

3837

FD24 99 34 A4

 

STA

OPCODE,Y

;SAVE IN MOST SIG. BYTE LOCATION

3838

FD27 88

 

DEY

 

;SET UP FOR NEXT ADDR BYTE, IF ANY

3839

FD28 D0 E8

 

BNE CONVRT

;IF NECESSARY, FORM NEXT ADDR BYTE

3840

FD2A 18

 

CLC

 

 

3841

FD2B 60

ERRFLG RTS

 

;NON HEX CLEARED CARRY

3842

FD2C

;#############

 

3843

FD2C

 

 

 

 

3844

FD2C AC 2F A4

STASH

LDY BYTESM

;SET UP TO STORE COMMAND

3845

FD2F 88

 

DEY

 

 

3846

FD30 B9 34 A4

STSHLP LDA

OPCODE,Y

 

3847

FD33 20 78 EB

 

JSR

SADDR

;STORE ONE BYTE OF COMMAND

3848

FD36 C0 00

 

CPY

#00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Image 203
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Qjjj Data0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 60FFFFFF .JJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 02E61FBD JJJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page Basl System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 LOC1Mask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC BRTBL,X SaveLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 JSR LDA IN,YCMP BNE NomoveRTN MloopDCR BNZ MloopBM1 INRBNC BNZLoad DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Store IndirectStore POP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect POP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ACCSubtract BNC LOOP1 CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF LOOP1 SUBBNZ LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement LOOP2LOOP3 SUB Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET Branch if PlusReturn from Sweet 16 Subroutine Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE BreakSTA IND JMP LDA #ADRHSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source NVA DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D Input Enter String a $ , a $Sweet Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto Call -605 Return REM XAM8 in MonitorMnemr MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemlSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index BNE ORGCLC STANorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Representation LOW Floating Point PackageNumber Exponent Mantissa StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Floating Point Representation ExamplesFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page HIGH-ORDER STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY Calling SequencePage Page Page Page Page Page Fsub SeeeeeeeMmmmmmmm ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 Addend YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry CMPNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDA STA Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Fmul LOGFadd FsubPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Normx RTLOG1Mdend Object Code Dump Page Lstcom TapdelHsbdry Toutfl=UIRQVC OutvecUrcvec =UBRKVCADC TAXStocom STA ORABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F JMP BEQSTX CPXTXA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP Outxah PHANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Newdev LDA Dftxfr LDXLDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst LOADT2 BufadhDdrdig STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DUMPT4 LDY DumptDUMPT1 TXA DMPT1A LDAOutbth LDX Outcht STX Register Name PatchHS Tape Boundary Nowln Rockwell InternationalUdrah UddraTMASK1 =MOVAD OldlenLength MovadTABUF2 CurposChecksum TabuffWrite Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB EQS CRBCFD2A0A0A0A0 DB TO,EQSSEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Space Comm Nxtadd TYALOAD1A LDA ForLOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG OUTCK1 PHA Outcks LDADUMPT1 LDA Dumpta LDXE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY CPY ANY OtherSTA Outflg Outall PHA Output PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Debkey LDX Onekey LDAED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTDD1 PHA OUTD1A CPXOUTD2A TXA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET Newcol LDA NEW Print ROWBkcksm LDA Ckbuff LDAOUTTA2 LDX OUTTA1 PHAZero Leftmost Column F2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0DB BGYU76HN MNNDX2 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX1 LSRPRADR4 DEX PRADR2 LDAPLA BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS Startm JSR ROM TableFB46 8A9AAABACADA Rdaddr LDY IMMED1 LDX Tryjmp LDAConvrt LDA OPCMP1 LDABrnchc JMP Compbr LDX FORMD2 LDXBrcomp LDA Forwrd LDA Backwd LDACuread TXA MATCH1 JMPPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Brcomp AddblkADDS1A BkcksmCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 E6AC AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program ListingIntroduction Table of ContentsAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual WIDTH? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic Memory SIZE?Printer Control Exiting BasicReentering Basic Basic CursorCHR$ Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETASC Listing a Program Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Operating on Programs and LinesList Printing Data Deleting a LineReplacing a Line Deleting a ProgramNumber Output Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Format Variable Names Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementInput R Reserved Words PSTG$Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A Input B Program Using RelationsRemarks Relational TestsPrint Nsqrn LoopingSquare Root Program AN Improved Square Root ProgramSome Other Looping Operations Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N COUNT-BACKWARD ProgramSort Program Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Matrix OperationsStopping a Program Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Print Must be IntegerPrint LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTER Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 LEN FunctionMID$ Function RIGHT$ FunctionData AIM 65,DOG Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions CHR$ FunctionPrint Print X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Input Input X$Print X/1.3 Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Cntl PrintRelational Operators Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USENegation Operator Argument Result Not Not If not Q3 thenStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Clear CommandsPrint Intruder Alert AlertStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEW Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LoadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEF Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Program StatementsStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTOStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUB If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NextStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Example Restore ReturnPrint Value ISA Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION PrintString Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TABStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXP Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COSPrint Sinx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SINInverse Hyperbolic Secant Error Messages?XX Error PRINTX,Y,Z TAB, SPCSpace Hints Speed Hints Storage Allocation InformationOLD This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLD AIMSOH Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal NULPrintx Address Content$AE InputnumbernStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandRUN NUMBER? IN= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= OUT=T F=FNAME T=0FAC ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M OF9CSaving ATN Object Code on Cassette WIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.