Apple II manual Ora, Kgettr LDA

Page 133

1915

8D69

85

F8

 

SY100

STA

BDRY

 

1916

8D6B A9 6D

 

 

LDA

#$6D

 

1917

8D6D 8D 00 A4

 

STA

DIG

;INDICATE NO SYNC ON LEDS

1918

8D70

A5

FD

 

 

LDA

MODE

;TURN ON OUT OF SYNC MODE

1919

8D72

09

40

 

 

ORA

#$40

;BIT6

1920

8D74

85

FD

 

 

STA

MODE

 

1921

8D76

A9

7F

 

SYNC5

LDA

#$7F

;TEST FOR CR DOWN ON HKB

1922

8D78

8D

01

A4

 

STA

DDRDIG

 

1923

8D7B 2C 00 A4

 

BIT

DIG

 

1924

8D7E 10 CB

 

 

BPL

USRREQ

;CR KEY DOWN - EXIT (ERRORS)

1925

8D80

20

9F

8D

 

JSR

SYNBIT

 

1926

8D83

66

FC

 

 

ROR

CHAR

 

1927

8D85

A5

FC

 

 

LDA

CHAR

 

1928

8D87

C9

16

 

 

CMP

#SYN

 

1929

8D89

D0

EB

 

 

BNE

SYNC5

 

1930

8D8B A2 0A

 

SYNC10 LDX

#10

;NOW MAKE SURE CAN GET 10 SYNS

1931

8D8D 20 E1 8D

 

JSR

RDCHTX

 

1932

8D90

C9

16

 

 

CMP

#SYN

 

1933

8D92

D0

E2

 

 

BNE

SYNC5

 

1934

8D94

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1935

8D95

D0

F6

 

 

BNE

SYNC10+2

 

1936

8D97

8E

00

A4

 

STX

DIG

;TURN OFF DISPLAY

1937

8D9A CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

;X=$FF

1938

8D9B 8E 01 A4

 

STX

DDRDIG

 

1939

8D9E 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

1940

8D9F

 

 

 

;SYNBIT - GET BIT IN SYN SEARCH. IF HS, ENTER WITH

1941

8D9F

 

 

 

; TIMER STARTED BY PREV BIT, BIT RETURNED IN CARRY.

1942

8D9F

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1943

8D9F 24 FD

 

SYNBIT BIT MODE

;KIM OR HS?

1944

8DA1 10 69

 

 

BPL RDBITK

;KIM

1945

8DA3 20 CA 8D

 

JSR GETTR

;HS

1946

8DA6 B0 22

 

 

BCS GETTR

;IF SHORT, GET NEXT TRANS

1947

8DA8 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

;BIT IS ZERO

1948

8DA9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1949

8DA9 84 FD

 

START

STY MODE

;MODE PARM PASSED IN [Y]

1950

8DAB 20 86 8B

 

JSR ACCESS

;FIX BASIC WARM START BUG

1951

8DAE A9 09

 

 

LDA

#9

 

1952

8DB0 20 A5 89

 

JSR

CONFIG

;PARTIAL I/O CONFIGURATION

1953

8DB3 20 2E 83

 

JSR

ZERCK

;ZERO THE CHECK SUM

1954

8DB6 20 9C 82

 

JSR

P2SCR

;MOVE SA TO FE,FF IN PAGE ZERO

1955

8DB9 A2 EC

 

 

LDX

#$EC

 

1956

8DBB 8E 0C A0

STCC

STX VIAPCR

;TAPE ON

1957

8DBE 60

 

 

 

RTS

 

 

1958

8DBF

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1959

8DBF

 

 

 

; GETTR - GET TRANSITION TIME FROM 6532 CLOCK

1960

8DBF

 

 

 

; DESTROYS

A,Y

 

1961

8DBF

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1962

8DBF A9 00

 

KGETTR LDA

#0

;KIM GETTR - GET FULL CYCLE

1963

8DC1 85 F9

 

 

STA

OLD

;FORCE GETTR POLARITY

1964

8DC3 AD 00 A0

KG100

LDA

TAPIN

;WAIT TIL INPUT LO

1965

8DC6 29 40

 

 

AND

#$40

 

1966

8DC8 D0 F9

 

 

BNE

KG100

 

1967

8DCA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1968

8DCA A0 FF

 

GETTR

LDY

#$FF

 

1969

8DCC AD 00 A0

NOTR

LDA

TAPIN

 

1970

8DCF 29 40

 

 

AND

#$40

 

1971

8DD1 C5 F9

 

 

CMP

OLD

 

1972

8DD3 F0 F7

 

 

BEQ

NOTR

;NO CHANGE

1973

8DD5 85 F9

 

 

STA

OLD

 

1974

8DD7 AD 06 A4

 

LDA

TIMER

 

1975

8DDA 8C 15 A4

 

STY TIM8

;RESTART CLOCK

1976

8DDD 18

 

 

 

CLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 132 Page 134
Image 133
Page 132 Page 134
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Qjjj Data0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page FA60FFFF DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF902E61FBD JJJ 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC0 System Monitor CopyrightLOC1 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC BRTBL,X SaveLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 CMP LDA IN,YBNE Nomove JSRDCR MloopBNZ Mloop RTNBNC INRBNZ BM1Load Indirect ExampleStore Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect BF A0 SET $A0BF CompareLOOP1 SUB BNC LOOP1Decrement Return to 6502 ModeLOOP2 BNZ LOOP2Branch if Carry SET Branch if no CarryBranch if Plus LOOP3 SUBBranch if not Minus ONE Branch if Minus ONEBreak Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Print Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D DSPInput Enter String a $ , a $ NVAPrint Print Goto Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationCall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor SweetBaum MINI-ASSEMBLERMneml MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index CLC ORGSTA BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Representation LOW Floating Point PackageHigh LOW EXP Mantissa StoredFloating Point Representation Examples Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page STY STY Init MANT1 LDYCalling Sequence HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 Right Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedCMP AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA Fadd LOGFsub FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Hsbdry TapdelToutfl LstcomUrcvec Outvec=UBRKVC =UIRQVCADC TAXStocom STA ORABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F STX BEQCPX JMPChksad PHP Exwrap RTSOutxah PHA TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Newdev LDA Dftxfr LDXLDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DUMPT1 TXA DumptDMPT1A LDA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Outcht STX Register Name PatchHS Tape Boundary Udrah Rockwell InternationalUddra NowlnLength OldlenMovad TMASK1 =MOVADChecksum CurposTabuff TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB EQS CRBCFD2A0A0A0A0 DB TO,EQSSEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Space Comm Nxtadd TYALOAD1A LDA ForLOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG OUTCK1 PHA Outcks LDADUMPT1 LDA Dumpta LDXE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY CPY ANY OtherSTA Outflg Outall PHA Output PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Debkey LDX Onekey LDAED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET Newcol LDA NEW Print ROWBkcksm LDA Ckbuff LDAOUTTA2 LDX OUTTA1 PHAZero Leftmost Column F2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0DB BGYU76HN Getfmt TAX RtmodeMNNDX1 LSR MNNDX2 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY IMMED1 LDX Tryjmp LDABrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Forwrd LDA Backwd LDACuread TXA MATCH1 JMPPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command ADDS1A AddblkBkcksm BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 E6AC AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program ListingAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction Entering Basic Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureMemory SIZE? WIDTH?Reentering Basic Exiting BasicBasic Cursor Printer ControlASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Indirect Commands Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsOperating on Programs and Lines Listing a ProgramReplacing a Line Deleting a LineDeleting a Program List Printing DataNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Remarks Program Using RelationsRelational Tests Input BSquare Root Program LoopingAN Improved Square Root Program Print NsqrnPrint Nsqrn Next N Another Square Root ProgramCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Some Other Looping OperationsPrint I,J Next Next J Print What is the NumberMatrix Operations Sort ProgramInput N Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestorePrint Must be Integer Stopping a Program$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 StringsLEN Function Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERMID$ Function RIGHT$ FunctionPrint C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500CHR$ Function Data AIM 65,DOGName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Additional String ConsiderationsInput Input X$ Print Print X$ESC Operators Symbol Sample StatementCntl Print Print X/1.3Negation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Operator Argument Result Not Not If not Q3 thenPrint Intruder Alert CommandsAlert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPPrint Sgnx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Print Sinx?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Speed Hints Storage Allocation InformationConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintOLD AIM OLDAscii Character Codes Decimal Assembly Language SubroutinesNUL SOH$AE Address ContentInputnumbern PrintxRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette OUT=T F= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F=FNAME T= IN=Entered by Alter Memory M ATN ImplementationOF9C 0FACSaving ATN Object Code on Cassette WIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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