Apple II manual Wrax JSR Numa

Page 166

1593

EA42 20 46 EA

WRAX

JSR

NUMA

 

1594

EA45 8A

 

TXA

 

 

1595

EA46

 

 

 

 

1596

EA46

;PRINT ONE

BYTE=TWO ASCII CHARS TO OUTPUT DEVICE

1597

EA46 48

NUMA

PHA

 

 

1598

EA47 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1599

EA48 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1600

EA49 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1601

EA4A 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1602

EA4B 20 51 EA

 

JSR

NOUT

 

1603

EA4E 68

 

PLA

 

 

1604

EA4F 29 0F

 

AND

#$F

 

1605

EA51 18

NOUT

CLC

 

 

1606

EA52 69 30

 

ADC

#'0'

 

1607

EA54 C9 3A

 

CMP

#'9'+1

 

1608

EA56 90 02

 

BCC

LT10

 

1609

EA58 69 06

 

ADC

#6

;CARRY IS SET

1610

EA5A 4C BC E9

LT10

JMP

OUTALL

 

1611

EA5D

 

 

 

 

1612

EA5D

;READ TWO CHR & PACK THEM INTO ONE BYTE

1613

EA5D

;PART OF ALTER MEMORY , / COMM

1614

EA5D 20 73 E9

RD2

JSR

REDOUT

 

1615

EA60 C9 0D

 

CMP

#CR

;<CR>?

1616

EA62 F0 17

 

BEQ

RSPAC

 

1617

EA64 C9 20

 

CMP

#' '

;FOR MEMORY ALTER

1618

EA66 F0 13

 

BEQ

RSPAC

 

1619

EA68 C9 2E

 

CMP

#'.'

;TREAT "." AS <SPACE>

1620

EA6A D0 04

 

BNE

RD1

 

1621

EA6C A9 20

 

LDA

#' '

 

1622

EA6E D0 0B

 

BNE

RSPAC

 

1623

EA70 20 84 EA

RD1

JSR

PACK

 

1624

EA73 B0 06

 

BCS

RSPAC

 

1625

EA75 20 73 E9

 

JSR

REDOUT

 

1626

EA78 4C 84 EA

 

JMP

PACK

 

1627

EA7B

;WAS SPACE

OR <CR>

 

1628

EA7B 38

RSPAC

SEC

 

 

1629

EA7C 60

 

RTS

 

 

1630

EA7D

 

 

 

 

1631

EA7D

;CONVERT ACC IN ASCII TO ACC IN HEX (4 MSB=0)

1632

EA7D 48

HEX

PHA

 

;SAVE A

1633

EA7E A9 00

 

LDA

#0

;CLEAR STIY IF HEX

1634

EA80 8D 29 A4

 

STA STIY+2

;BECAUSE ONLY ONCE

1635

EA83 68

 

PLA

 

 

1636

EA84

;PACK TWO ASCII INTO ONE HEX (CALL SUBR TWO TIMES)

1637

EA84

;RESULT IS

GIVEN ON ACC WITH FIRST CHR INTO 4 MSB

1638

EA84 C9 30

PACK

CMP

#'0'

;< 30 ?

1639

EA86 90 F3

 

BCC

RSPAC

 

1640

EA88 C9 47

 

CMP

#'F'+1

; > 47 ?

1641

EA8A B0 EF

 

BCS

RSPAC

 

1642

EA8C C9 3A

 

CMP

#'9'+1

; < $10

1643

EA8E 90 06

 

BCC

PAK1

 

1644

EA90 C9 40

 

CMP

#'A'-1

; > $10 ?

1645

EA92 90 E7

 

BCC

RSPAC

 

1646

EA94 69 08

 

ADC

#8

;ADD 9 IF LETTER (C IS SET)

1647

EA96 2A

PAK1

ROL

A

;SHIFT A 4 TIMES

1648

EA97 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1649

EA98 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1650

EA99 2A

 

ROL

A

 

1651

EA9A 8E 2D A4

 

STX

CPIY+3

;SAVE X

1652

EA9D A2 04

 

LDX

#4

 

1653

EA9F 2A

PAK2

ROL

A

;TRANSFER A TO STIY

1654

EAA0 2E 29 A4

 

ROL

STIY+2

; THRU CARRY

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 165 Page 167
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Page 165 Page 167
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 02E61FBD JJJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC1 System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 BNE Nomove LDA IN,YCMP JSRBNZ Mloop MloopDCR RTNBNZ INRBNC BM1Store Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect LOOP1 SUB CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF BNC LOOP1LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement BNZ LOOP2Branch if Plus Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET LOOP3 SUBBreak Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Input Enter String a $ , a $ DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D NVACall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto SweetMneml MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index STA ORGCLC BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWFloating Point Representation Examples StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page Calling Sequence STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 CMP YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA Fsub LOGFadd FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Toutfl TapdelHsbdry Lstcom=UBRKVC OutvecUrcvec =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F CPX BEQSTX JMPOutxah PHA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DMPT1A LDA DumptDUMPT1 TXA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Uddra Rockwell InternationalUdrah NowlnMovad OldlenLength TMASK1 =MOVADTabuff CurposChecksum TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN MNNDX1 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX2 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXBrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Bkcksm AddblkADDS1A BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction Memory SIZE? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic WIDTH?Basic Cursor Exiting BasicReentering Basic Printer ControlASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Operating on Programs and Lines Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Listing a ProgramDeleting a Program Deleting a LineReplacing a Line List Printing DataNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Relational Tests Program Using RelationsRemarks Input BAN Improved Square Root Program LoopingSquare Root Program Print NsqrnCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N Some Other Looping OperationsMatrix Operations Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Sort ProgramPrint Must be Integer Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Stopping a ProgramLEN Function Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionCHR$ Function Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Data AIM 65,DOGInput Input X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Print Print X$Cntl Print Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Print X/1.3Negation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotAlert CommandsPrint Intruder Alert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Print Sinx?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsOLD AIM This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLDNUL Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal SOHInputnumbern Address Content$AE PrintxRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette OUT=T F=FNAME T= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= IN=OF9C ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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