NEW Print ROW, Newcol LDA | Apple II specification

2585	F15D DE		74	A4	OP06	DEC IDIR,X		;DIRECTION <= $FF (-)
2586	F160
2587	F160				;START	OF NEW PRINT ROW
2588	F160	1E	7C	A4	NEWROW	ASL	IMASK,X	;UPDATE ROW MASK FOR DOT PATTERNS
2589	F163				;START	OF NEW PRINT COLUMN
2590	F163	A9	00		NEWCOL LDA		#0	;CLEAR OUTPUT PATTERN
2591	F165	9D	78	A4		STA	IOUTL,X	;PATTERN FOR 8 RIGHT CHRS
2592	F168	9D	79	A4		STA	IOUTU,X	;PATTERN FOR 2 LEFT SOLEN
2593	F16B 9D		7B	A4		STA	IBITU,X	;OUTPUT MSK FOR LEFTMOST SOLEN
2594	F16E A9		01			LDA	#1
2595	F170	9D	7A	A4		STA	IBITL,X	;OUTPUT MSK FOR RIGHTMOST SOLEN
2596	F173				;GET ADDRESS OF DOT PATTERN TABLE FOR NEXT COLUMN
2597	F173	BD	75	A4		LDA ICOL,X		;GET COLUMN NUMBER (0-4)
2598	F176	0A				ASL A		;*2 ,INDEX INTO TBL OF TBL ADDRS
2599	F177	A8				TAY
2600	F178	B9	D7	F2		LDA MTBL,Y		;LSB OF ADDR OF TABLE
2601	F17B 9D		7D	A4		STA JUMP,X		;PTR TO TBL WITH DOT PATTERNS
2602	F17E B9		D8	F2		LDA MTBL+1,Y		;MSB OF TABLE ADDRESS
2603	F181	9D	7E	A4		STA	JUMP+1,X
2604	F184	A9	12			LDA	#18	;COMPUTE INDEX INTO PRNTR BUFFER
2605	F186	1D	76	A4		ORA IOFFST,X		;+1 IF RIGHT CHR
2606	F189	AA				TAX
2607	F18A 60					RTS
2608	F18B
2609	F18B				;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
2610	F18B				;OUTPUT ACC TO TAPE BUFFER SUBROUTINE
2611	F18B				; & WHEN FULL OUTPUT BUFF TO TAPE.
2612	F18B				; IF INFLG=OUTFLG= T USE TWO BUFFERS
2613	F18B				;OTHERWISE		USE SAME BUFFER FOR INPUT
2614	F18B				;AND OUTPUT (MONIT BUFFER)
2615	F18B 20		9E	EB	TOBYTE JSR PHXY			;SAVE X
2616	F18E AE		37	A4		LDX TAPTR2		;TAPE BUFFER POINTER FOR OUTPUT
2617	F191	20	0F	F2		JSR BKCK2		;STORE IN BUFFER
2618	F194	E8				INX
2619	F195	8E	37	A4		STX TAPTR2		;FOR NEXT
2620	F198	E0	50			CPX #80		;BUFFER FULL?
2621	F19A D0		32			BNE TABY3		;NO , GO BACK
2622	F19C				;OUTPUT A BLOCK FROM BUFFER TO TAPE
2623	F19C 20		E7	F1		JSR BKCKSM		;COMPUT BLOCK CHECKSUM
2624	F19F 20		1D	F2		JSR TAOSET		;SET TAPE FOR OUTPUT
2625	F1A2 A9		23			LDA #'#'		;CHAR FOR BEGINNING
2626	F1A4 20		4A	F2		JSR OUTTAP		;OF BLOCK
2627	F1A7				;OUTPUT CHRS FROM ACTIVE BUFFER
2628	F1A7 20		D2	F1	TABY2	JSR CKBUFF		;LOAD CHR FROM ACTIVE BUFFER
2629	F1AA 20		4A	F2		JSR OUTTAP		; FROM BUFFER
2630	F1AD E8					INX
2631	F1AE E0		53			CPX #83		;2 BLOCK CKSUM CHR + 1 EXTRA CHR..
2632	F1B0 D0		F5			BNE TABY2		;OTHERWISE ERROR
2633	F1B2 AD		00	A8		LDA	DRB
2634	F1B5 29		CF			AND	#$CF	;TURN TAPES OFF PB5,PB4
2635	F1B7 8D		00	A8		STA	DRB
2636	F1BA 58					CLI		;ENABLE INTERRUPT
2637	F1BB A9		00			LDA	#0
2638	F1BD 8D		37	A4		STA	TAPTR2	;CLR TAPE BUFF PTR
2639	F1C0 A9		00			LDA	#T1I	;RESET FREE RUNNING TO 1 SHOT
2640	F1C2 8D		0B	A8		STA	ACR
2641	F1C5 20		9A	FF		JSR	PAT22	;ADD 1 TO BLK COUNT & OUTPUT
2642	F1C8 AD		68	01		LDA	BLKO	;PUT BLK CNT IN FIRST LOC (TABUFF)
2643	F1CB 20		8B	F1		JSR	TOBYTE
2644	F1CE 20		AC EB		TABY3	JSR	PLXY
2645	F1D1 60					RTS
2646	F1D2

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.

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II specifications