Apple II manual Outtty PHA

Page 176

2213

EEA4 30 FB

 

BMI

CKF4

 

2214

EEA6 10 D9

 

BPL CKF2

;GO GET TIMING

2215

EEA8

 

 

 

 

2216

EEA8

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

2217

EEA8

;OUTPUT ACC TO TTY SUBROUTINE

2218

EEA8

;X,Y ARE PRESERVED

 

2219

EEA8 48

OUTTTY PHA

 

;SAVE A

2220

EEA9 20 9E EB

 

JSR

PHXY

;PUSH X

2221

EEAC 8D 27 A4

 

STA

STIY

;PUT CHAR HERE

2222

EEAF 20 0F EC

 

JSR

DELAY

;STOP BIT FROM LAST CHAR

2223

EEB2 AD 00 A8

 

LDA

DRB

 

2224

EEB5 29 FB

 

AND

#$FB

;START BIT PB2=0

2225

EEB7 8D 00 A8

 

STA

DRB

;TTO=PB2

2226

EEBA 8D 28 A4

 

STA

STIY+1

;SAVE THIS PATTERN

2227

EEBD 20 0F EC

 

JSR

DELAY

 

2228

EEC0 A2 08

 

LDX

#$08

;8 BITS

2229

EEC2 2E 27 A4

 

ROL

STIY

;GET FIRST LSB INTO BIT 2

2230

EEC5 2E 27 A4

 

ROL

STIY

 

2231

EEC8 2E 27 A4

 

ROL

STIY

 

2232

EECB 6E 27 A4

OUTT1

ROR

STIY

 

2233

EECE AD 27 A4

 

LDA

STIY

 

2234

EED1 29 04

 

AND

#$04

;GET ONLY BIT 2 FOR PB2

2235

EED3 0D 28 A4

 

ORA

STIY+1

;PUT BIT INTO PATTERN

2236

EED6 8D 00 A8

 

STA

DRB

;NOW TO TTY

2237

EED9 08

 

PHP

 

;PRESERVE CARRY FOR ROTATE

2238

EEDA 20 0F EC

 

JSR

DELAY

 

2239

EEDD 28

 

PLP

 

 

2240

EEDE CA

 

DEX

 

 

2241

EEDF D0 EA

 

BNE

OUTT1

 

2242

EEE1 A9 04

 

LDA

#$04

;STOP BIT

2243

EEE3 0D 28 A4

 

ORA

STIY+1

 

2244

EEE6 8D 00 A8

 

STA

DRB

 

2245

EEE9 20 0F EC

 

JSR

DELAY

;STOP BIT

2246

EEEC 20 AC EB

 

JSR PLXY

;PULL X

2247

EEEF 68

 

PLA

 

 

2248

EEF0 C9 0A

 

CMP

#LF

 

2249

EEF2 F0 07

 

BEQ

OUTT2

 

2250

EEF4 C9 FF

 

CMP

#NULLC

 

2251

EEF6 F0 03

 

BEQ

OUTT2

 

2252

EEF8 4C 05 EF

 

JMP OUTDIS

;USE THAT BUFF

2253

EEFB 60

OUTT2

RTS

 

 

2254

EEFC

 

 

 

 

2255

EEFC

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

2256

EEFC

;OUTPUT A CHR TO D/P SUBR (SINGLE ENTRY FOR BOTH SUBR)

2257

EEFC

;IF CHAR=<CR> CLEAR DISPLAY & PRINTER

2258

EEFC 20 00 F0

OUTDP

JSR OUTPRI

;FIRST TO PRI THEN TO DISP

2259

EEFF EA

 

NOP

 

 

2260

EF00 EA

 

NOP

 

 

2261

EF01 EA

 

NOP

 

 

2262

EF02 6C 06 A4

OUTDP1 JMP (DILINK)

;HERE HE COULD ECHO SOMEWHERE ELSE`

2263

EF05

 

 

 

 

2264

EF05

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

2265

EF05

;OUTPUT ACC TO DISPLAY SUBROUTINE

2266

EF05

;IF SIGN BIT (MSB)=1 DISP DO NOT CLR TO THE RIGHT

2267

EF05 48

OUTDIS PHA

 

;SAVE A

2268

EF06 20 9E EB

 

JSR

PHXY

;PUSH X

2269

EF09 C9 0D

 

CMP

#CR

;<CR> ?

2270

EF0B D0 07

 

BNE

OUTD1

 

2271

EF0D A2 00

 

LDX

#0

;YES

2272

EF0F 8E 15 A4

 

STX

CURPO2

;CLEAR DISP POINTER

2273

EF12 F0 42

 

BEQ

OUTD5

;GO CLEAR DISP

2274

EF14 4C 9C FE

OUTD1

JMP

PATCH4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 175 Page 177
Image 176
Page 175 Page 177
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9 FA60FFFF02E61FBD JJJ 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page System Monitor Copyright LOC0LOC1 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 LDA IN,Y CMPBNE Nomove JSRMloop DCRBNZ Mloop RTNINR BNCBNZ BM1Example Load IndirectStore Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect POP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ACCSubtract Compare BF A0 SET $A0BFLOOP1 SUB BNC LOOP1Return to 6502 Mode DecrementLOOP2 BNZ LOOP2Branch if no Carry Branch if Carry SETBranch if Plus LOOP3 SUBBranch if Minus ONE Branch if not Minus ONEBreak Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND JMP LDA #ADRHSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source DSP Print Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl DInput Enter String a $ , a $ NVAPoke 776 , a REM Poke Destination Print Print GotoCall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor SweetMINI-ASSEMBLER BaumMneml MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index ORG CLCSTA BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWStored High LOW EXP MantissaFloating Point Representation Examples Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page STY Init MANT1 LDY STYCalling Sequence HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Fsub SeeeeeeeMmmmmmmm ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 YES,RETURN with MANT1 Normalized Right Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on CarryCMP AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDA STA Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent LOG FaddFsub FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Normx RTLOG1Mdend Object Code Dump Page Tapdel HsbdryToutfl LstcomOutvec Urcvec=UBRKVC =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F BEQ STXCPX JMPExwrap RTS Chksad PHPOutxah PHA TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst LOADT2 BufadhDdrdig STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 Dumpt DUMPT1 TXADMPT1A LDA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Rockwell International UdrahUddra NowlnOldlen LengthMovad TMASK1 =MOVADCurpos ChecksumTabuff TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTDD1 PHA OUTD1A CPXOUTD2A TXA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN Rtmode Getfmt TAXMNNDX1 LSR MNNDX2 LSRPRADR4 DEX PRADR2 LDAPLA BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS Startm JSR ROM TableFB46 8A9AAABACADA Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXConvrt LDA OPCMP1 LDABrnchc JMP Compbr LDX FORMD2 LDXBrcomp LDA Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Addblk ADDS1ABkcksm BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACIntroduction Table of ContentsAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation Procedure Entering BasicMemory SIZE? WIDTH?Exiting Basic Reentering BasicBasic Cursor Printer ControlCHR$ Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETASC Direct and Indirect Commands Direct Commands Indirect CommandsOperating on Programs and Lines Listing a ProgramDeleting a Line Replacing a LineDeleting a Program List Printing DataNumber Output Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Format Variable Names Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementInput R Reserved Words PSTG$Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A Program Using Relations RemarksRelational Tests Input BLooping Square Root ProgramAN Improved Square Root Program Print NsqrnAnother Square Root Program Print Nsqrn Next NCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Some Other Looping OperationsPrint What is the Number Print I,J Next Next JMatrix Operations Sort ProgramPrint BAD GUESS, TRY Again Restore Input NPrint Must be Integer Stopping a ProgramStrings $=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500LEN Function Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionPrint B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500 Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs FunctionsCHR$ Function Data AIM 65,DOGAdditional String Considerations Name Example PURPOSE/USE DIMInput Input X$ Print Print X$Operators Symbol Sample Statement ESCCntl Print Print X/1.3Relational Operators Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USENegation Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotCommands Print Intruder AlertAlert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FRE Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ListStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SaveProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Gosub Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GotoStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENIf X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto Example Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LETStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Restore Symbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION WaitExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Input Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Read Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGN Print SgnxStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Print SinxInverse Hyperbolic Secant Error Messages?XX Error PRINTX,Y,Z TAB, SPCSpace Hints Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsThis is Probably the Most Important Speed Hint Converting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 BasicOLD AIM OLDAssembly Language Subroutines Ascii Character Codes DecimalNUL SOHAddress Content $AEInputnumbern PrintxStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandRUN NUMBER? Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 Editor OUT=T F=OUT=T F=FNAME T= IN=ATN Implementation Entered by Alter Memory MOF9C 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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