Apple II manual Onekey LDA, Debkey LDX

Page 172

1965

ECC3 E0 00

 

CPX

#0

;IF SHIFT IS NOT ADV PAPER

1966

ECC5 F0 25

 

BEQ

GETK10

;NO SHIFT ,SO ADVPAPER

1967

ECC7 29 4F

 

AND

#$4F

;CONVRT TO "@"

1968

ECC9 C9 1C

GETK11 CMP

#$1C

;SEE IF TOGGL PRIFLG (CONTRL PRI)

1969

ECCB D0 14

 

BNE

GETK13

 

1970

ECCD 20 E1 E6

 

JSR

PRITR

;GO TOGGLE FLG

1971

ECD0 A0 01

 

LDY

#1

;GET THE PTRS BACK 3 SPACES

1972

ECD2 B9 15 A4

GETK12 LDA

CURPO2,Y

 

1973

ECD5 38

 

SEC

 

 

1974

ECD6 E9 03

 

SBC

#3

;BECAUSE "ON ,OFF" MSGS

1975

ECD8 99 15 A4

 

STA

CURPO2,Y

 

1976

ECDB 88

 

DEY

 

 

1977

ECDC 10 F4

 

BPL

GETK12

 

1978

ECDE 4C 40 EC

 

JMP

GETKEY

 

1979

ECE1 C9 5C

GETK13 CMP

#BACKSLASH

;PRINT LINE COMMAND

1980

ECE3 D0 06

 

BNE

GETK14

 

1981

ECE5 20 4A F0

 

JSR

IPS0

;PRINT WHATEVER IS IN BUFFER

1982

ECE8 4C 40 EC

 

JMP

GETKEY

 

1983

ECEB 60

GETK14 RTS

 

 

1984

ECEC 4C 38 EC

GETK10 JMP

GETKD0

 

1985

ECEF

 

 

 

 

1986

ECEF

;WAIT IF LAST KEY STILL DOWN (ROLLOVER)

1987

ECEF AD 82 A4

ROONEK LDA DRB2

;SEE IF KEY STILL DOWN

1988

ECF2 C9 FF

 

CMP

#$FF

 

1989

ECF4 F0 0A

 

BEQ

ROO1

;NO KEY AT ALL, CLR ROLLFL

1990

ECF6 0D 7F A4

 

ORA

ROLLFL

;ACCEPT ONLY LAST KEY

1991

ECF9 49 FF

 

EOR

#$FF

;STRBS ARE ZEROS TO INVER

1992

ECFB D0 F2

 

BNE

ROONEK

 

1993

ECFD 20 2A ED

 

JSR

DEBKEY

;CLR KMASK & DEBOUNCE RELEASE

1994

ED00 A9 00

ROO1

LDA

#0

;CLR KMASK

1995

ED02 8D 2A A4

 

STA

KMASK

 

1996

ED05

;GO THRU KB ONCE AND RTN ,IF ANY

1997

ED05

;KEY Y=ROW

(1-8) & STBKEY=CLMN

1998

ED05

;IF NO KEY

Y=0 ,STBKEY=$FF

1999

ED05 A9 7F

ONEKEY LDA

#$7F

;FIRST STROBE TO MSB

2000

ED07 D0 02

 

BNE

ONEK2

;START AT ONEK2

2001

ED09 38

ONEK1

SEC

 

;ONLY ONE PULSE (ZERO)

2002

ED0A 6A

 

ROR

A

;SHIFT TO RIGHT

2003

ED0B 8D 80 A4

ONEK2

STA

DRA2

;OUTPUT CLMN STROBE

2004

ED0E 8D 2B A4

 

STA

STBKEY

;SAVE IT

2005

ED11 A0 08

 

LDY

#8

;CHECK 8 ROWS

2006

ED13 AD 82 A4

 

LDA

DRB2

;ANY KEY ?

2007

ED16 0D 2A A4

 

ORA

KMASK

;DISABLE ROW 1 IF CTRL OR SHIFT

2008

ED19 8D 7F A4

 

STA

ROLLFL

;SAVE WHICH KEY IT WAS

2009

ED1C 0A

ONEK3

ASL

A

 

2010

ED1D 90 0A

 

BCC ONEK4

;JUMP IF KEY (ZERO)

2011

ED1F 88

 

DEY

 

 

2012

ED20 D0 FA

 

BNE

ONEK3

 

2013

ED22 AD 2B A4

 

LDA

STBKEY

 

2014

ED25 C9 FF

 

CMP

#$FF

;LAST CLMN ?

2015

ED27 D0 E0

 

BNE ONEK1

;NO ,DO NEXT CLMN

2016

ED29 60

ONEK4

RTS

 

 

2017

ED2A

 

 

 

 

2018

ED2A A2 00

DEBKEY LDX

#0

;CLEAR CNTRL OR SHIFT

2019

ED2C A9 00

DEBK1

LDA

#0

;CLR KMASK

2020

ED2E 8D 2A A4

 

STA

KMASK

 

2021

ED31 A9 88

 

LDA

#DEBTIM

;DEBOUNCE TIME FOR KEYBOARD

2022

ED33 8D 08 A8

 

STA

T2L

 

2023

ED36 A9 13

 

LDA

#DEBTIM/256

 

2024

ED38 4C 18 EC

 

JMP DE1

;WAIT FOR 5 MSEC

2025

ED3B

 

 

 

 

2026

ED3B

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Image 172
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9 FA60FFFF02E61FBD JJJ 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page System Monitor Copyright LOC0LOC1 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 LDA IN,Y CMPBNE Nomove JSRMloop DCRBNZ Mloop RTNINR BNCBNZ BM1Example Load IndirectStore Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect Compare BF A0 SET $A0BFLOOP1 SUB BNC LOOP1Return to 6502 Mode DecrementLOOP2 BNZ LOOP2Branch if no Carry Branch if Carry SETBranch if Plus LOOP3 SUBBranch if Minus ONE Branch if not Minus ONEBreak Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source DSP Print Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl DInput Enter String a $ , a $ NVAPoke 776 , a REM Poke Destination Print Print GotoCall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor SweetMINI-ASSEMBLER BaumMneml MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index ORG CLCSTA BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWStored High LOW EXP MantissaFloating Point Representation Examples Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page STY Init MANT1 LDY STYCalling Sequence HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 YES,RETURN with MANT1 Normalized Right Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on CarryCMP AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA LOG FaddFsub FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Tapdel HsbdryToutfl LstcomOutvec Urcvec=UBRKVC =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F BEQ STXCPX JMPExwrap RTS Chksad PHPOutxah PHA TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 Dumpt DUMPT1 TXADMPT1A LDA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Rockwell International UdrahUddra NowlnOldlen LengthMovad TMASK1 =MOVADCurpos ChecksumTabuff TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN Rtmode Getfmt TAXMNNDX1 LSR MNNDX2 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXBrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Addblk ADDS1ABkcksm BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation Procedure Entering BasicMemory SIZE? WIDTH?Exiting Basic Reentering BasicBasic Cursor Printer ControlASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Direct and Indirect Commands Direct Commands Indirect CommandsOperating on Programs and Lines Listing a ProgramDeleting a Line Replacing a LineDeleting a Program List Printing DataNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Program Using Relations RemarksRelational Tests Input BLooping Square Root ProgramAN Improved Square Root Program Print NsqrnAnother Square Root Program Print Nsqrn Next NCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Some Other Looping OperationsPrint What is the Number Print I,J Next Next JMatrix Operations Sort ProgramPrint BAD GUESS, TRY Again Restore Input NPrint Must be Integer Stopping a ProgramStrings $=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500LEN Function Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionPrint B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500 Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs FunctionsCHR$ Function Data AIM 65,DOGAdditional String Considerations Name Example PURPOSE/USE DIMInput Input X$ Print Print X$Operators Symbol Sample Statement ESCCntl Print Print X/1.3Negation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotCommands Print Intruder AlertAlert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FRE Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ListStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SaveProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Gosub Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GotoStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENIf X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto Example Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LETStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Restore Symbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION WaitExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Input Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Read Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGN Print SgnxStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Print Sinx?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsThis is Probably the Most Important Speed Hint Converting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 BasicOLD AIM OLDAssembly Language Subroutines Ascii Character Codes DecimalNUL SOHAddress Content $AEInputnumbern PrintxRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 Editor OUT=T F=OUT=T F=FNAME T= IN=ATN Implementation Entered by Alter Memory MOF9C 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.