Apple II manual Backwd LDA, Forwrd LDA

Page 205

3911

FDBB 38

CMPBR1 SEC

 

;COMPUTE BRANCH RELATIVE ADDRESS

3912

FDBC AD 35 A4

 

LDA

OPCODE+1

 

3913

FDBF ED 26 01

 

SBC

MOVAD

 

3914

FDC2 8D 35 A4

 

STA

OPCODE+1

 

3915

FDC5 AD 36 A4

 

LDA

OPCODE+2

 

3916

FDC8 ED 27 01

 

SBC

MOVAD+1

 

3917

FDCB 8D 36 A4

 

STA

OPCODE+2

 

3918

FDCE C9 00

 

CMP

#00

 

3919

FDD0 F0 0E

 

BEQ

FORWRD

 

3920

FDD2 C9 FF

 

CMP

#$FF

 

3921

FDD4 F0 03

 

BEQ

BACKWD

 

3922

FDD6 4C C5 FC

ERRJMP JMP

ERRORM

 

3923

FDD9 AD 35 A4

BACKWD LDA

OPCODE+1

;CHECK IN RANGE

3924

FDDC 30 09

 

BMI

OK

 

3925

FDDE 10 F6

 

BPL

ERRJMP

 

3926

FDE0 AD 35 A4

FORWRD LDA

OPCODE+1

 

3927

FDE3 10 02

 

BPL

OK

 

3928

FDE5 30 EF

 

BMI

ERRJMP

 

3929

FDE7 A9 02

OK

LDA

#02

;SET UP FOR STASH

3930

FDE9 8D 2F A4

 

STA

BYTESM

 

3931

FDEC 4C 2C FD

 

JMP

STASH

 

3932

FDEF

 

 

 

 

3933

FDEF

;###### SUBROUTINE ########

3934

FDEF

;SUBROUTINE FOR DETERMINING X OR Y OR NEITHER

3935

FDEF A2 04

XORY

LDX

#04

 

3936

FDF1 BD 33 01

XORYZ

LDA

ADFLD,X

 

3937

FDF4 C9 2C

 

CMP

#','

 

3938

FDF6 D0 04

 

BNE

XORY1

 

3939

FDF8 E8

 

INX

 

 

3940

FDF9 BD 33 01

 

LDA

ADFLD,X

 

3941

FDFC C9 58

XORY1

CMP

#'X'

 

3942

FDFE F0 03

 

BEQ

ISX

 

3943

FE00 C9 59

 

CMP

#'Y'

 

3944

FE02

XORYRT

 

 

 

3945

FE02 60

 

RTS

 

;NOT ZERO IS NOT X OR NOT Y

3946

FE03 18

ISX

CLC

 

;CARRY SET IS Y

3947

FE04 90 FC

 

BCC XORYRT

; CARRY CLEAR IS X

3948

FE06

;####### END OF SUB ########

3949

FE06

 

 

 

 

3950

FE06

; INPUT FOR MNEMONIC CODE

3951

FE06 A0 00

MNEM

LDY

#00

 

3952

FE08 8C 34 A4

 

STY

OPCODE

 

3953

FE0B 8C 35 A4

 

STY

OPCODE+1

 

3954

FE0E 8C 36 A4

 

STY

OPCODE+2

;CLEARS OPCODE FOR NEW INPUT

3955

FE11 8C 26 01

 

STY

MOVAD

;CLEARS UNUSED BIT IN FINAL FORMAT

3956

FE14 20 5F E9

RDLUP

JSR

RDRUP

 

3957

FE17 C9 2A

 

CMP

#'*'

;COMMAND TO LOAD POINTER

3958

FE19 F0 58

 

BEQ

STLOAD

;GO TO SET CURRENT ADDRESS POINTER

3959

FE1B C9 20

 

CMP

#' '

;IGNORE SPACE BAR INPUT

3960

FE1D F0 F5

 

BEQ

RDLUP

 

3961

FE1F 29 1F

 

AND

#$1F

;MASK OFF UPPER 3 BITS

3962

FE21 99 30 01

 

STA

CH,Y

 

3963

FE24 98

 

TYA

 

 

3964

FE25 AA

 

TAX

 

;Y----> X

3965

FE26 FE 30 01

 

INC CH,X

;FORMAT TO MATCH DISASSEMBLER TBL

3966

FE29 C8

 

INY

 

 

3967

FE2A C0 03

 

CPY #03

;REPEAT FOR EACH OF 3 CHARACTERS

3968

FE2C D0 E6

 

BNE

RDLUP

 

3969

FE2E

 

 

 

 

3970

FE2E

;COMPRESS 3 FORMATED CHARACTERS TO MOVAD & MOVAD+1

3971

FE2E A0 03

 

LDY #03

;SET UP OUTER LOOP

3972

FE30 B9 2F 01

OUTLUP LDA CH-1,Y

;COMPRESS 3 CHARACTERS

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 204 Page 206
Image 205
Page 204 Page 206
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Qjjj Data0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page FA60FFFF DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF902E61FBD JJJ 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC0 System Monitor CopyrightLOC1 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC BRTBL,X SaveLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 CMP LDA IN,YBNE Nomove JSRDCR MloopBNZ Mloop RTNBNC INRBNZ BM1Load Indirect ExampleStore Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect BF A0 SET $A0BF CompareLOOP1 SUB BNC LOOP1Decrement Return to 6502 ModeLOOP2 BNZ LOOP2Branch if Carry SET Branch if no CarryBranch if Plus LOOP3 SUBBranch if not Minus ONE Branch if Minus ONEBreak Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Print Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D DSPInput Enter String a $ , a $ NVAPrint Print Goto Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationCall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor SweetBaum MINI-ASSEMBLERMneml MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index CLC ORGSTA BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Representation LOW Floating Point PackageHigh LOW EXP Mantissa StoredFloating Point Representation Examples Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page STY STY Init MANT1 LDYCalling Sequence HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 Right Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedCMP AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA Fadd LOGFsub FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Hsbdry TapdelToutfl LstcomUrcvec Outvec=UBRKVC =UIRQVCADC TAXStocom STA ORABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F STX BEQCPX JMPChksad PHP Exwrap RTSOutxah PHA TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Newdev LDA Dftxfr LDXLDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DUMPT1 TXA DumptDMPT1A LDA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Outcht STX Register Name PatchHS Tape Boundary Udrah Rockwell InternationalUddra NowlnLength OldlenMovad TMASK1 =MOVADChecksum CurposTabuff TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB EQS CRBCFD2A0A0A0A0 DB TO,EQSSEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Space Comm Nxtadd TYALOAD1A LDA ForLOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG OUTCK1 PHA Outcks LDADUMPT1 LDA Dumpta LDXE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY CPY ANY OtherSTA Outflg Outall PHA Output PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Debkey LDX Onekey LDAED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET Newcol LDA NEW Print ROWBkcksm LDA Ckbuff LDAOUTTA2 LDX OUTTA1 PHAZero Leftmost Column F2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0DB BGYU76HN Getfmt TAX RtmodeMNNDX1 LSR MNNDX2 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY IMMED1 LDX Tryjmp LDABrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Forwrd LDA Backwd LDACuread TXA MATCH1 JMPPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command ADDS1A AddblkBkcksm BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 E6AC AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program ListingAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction Entering Basic Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureMemory SIZE? WIDTH?Reentering Basic Exiting BasicBasic Cursor Printer ControlASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Indirect Commands Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsOperating on Programs and Lines Listing a ProgramReplacing a Line Deleting a LineDeleting a Program List Printing DataNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Remarks Program Using RelationsRelational Tests Input BSquare Root Program LoopingAN Improved Square Root Program Print NsqrnPrint Nsqrn Next N Another Square Root ProgramCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Some Other Looping OperationsPrint I,J Next Next J Print What is the NumberMatrix Operations Sort ProgramInput N Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestorePrint Must be Integer Stopping a Program$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 StringsLEN Function Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERMID$ Function RIGHT$ FunctionPrint C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500CHR$ Function Data AIM 65,DOGName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Additional String ConsiderationsInput Input X$ Print Print X$ESC Operators Symbol Sample StatementCntl Print Print X/1.3Negation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Operator Argument Result Not Not If not Q3 thenPrint Intruder Alert CommandsAlert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPPrint Sgnx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Print Sinx?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Speed Hints Storage Allocation InformationConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintOLD AIM OLDAscii Character Codes Decimal Assembly Language SubroutinesNUL SOH$AE Address ContentInputnumbern PrintxRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette OUT=T F= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F=FNAME T= IN=Entered by Alter Memory M ATN ImplementationOF9C 0FACSaving ATN Object Code on Cassette WIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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