Apple II manual RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display

Page 147

0425

E13E 20 13 EA

RS6

JSR

CRLOW

;CLEAR DISPLAY

0426

E141

4C

72

FF

 

JMP

PAT21

 

0427

E144

A2

13

 

RS7

LDX #19

;CLEAR HARDWARE CURSORS

0428

E146

8A

 

 

RS8

TXA

 

 

0429

E147

48

 

 

 

PHA

 

 

0430

E148

A9

00

 

 

LDA

#0

 

0431

E14A 20 7B EF

 

JSR

OUTDD1

 

0432

E14D 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

0433

E14E AA

 

 

 

TAX

 

 

0434

E14F CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

0435

E150

10

F4

 

 

BPL

RS8

 

0436

E152

30

EA

 

 

BMI

RS6

 

0437

E154

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0438

E154

 

 

 

;BRK INSTR

(00) OR IRQ ENTRY POINT

0439

E154

8D

21

A4

IRQV3

STA

SAVA

 

0440

E157

68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

0441

E158

48

 

 

 

PHA

 

;GET STATUS

0442

E159

29

10

 

 

AND

#$10

;SEE IF 'BRK' , ISOLATE B FLG

0443

E15B D0 06

 

 

BNE

IRQ1

;TRAP WAS CAUSED BY "BRK" INSTRUC

0444

E15D AD 21 A4

 

LDA

SAVA

;TRAP CAUSED BY IRQ SO TRANSFER

0445

E160

6C

00

A4

 

JMP

(MONRAM)

;CONTROL TO USER THRU VECTOR

0446

E163

 

 

 

;IS 'BRK' INSTR ,SHOW PC & DATA

0447

E163

 

 

 

;PC IS OFF BY ONE , SO ADJUST IT

0448

E163

68

 

 

IRQ1

PLA

 

 

0449

E164

8D

20

A4

 

STA SAVPS

;SAVE PROCESSOR STATUS

0450

E167

8E

22

A4

 

STX

SAVX

 

0451

E16A 8C 23 A4

 

STY

SAVY

 

0452

E16D D8

 

 

 

CLD

 

 

0453

E16E 68

 

 

 

PLA

 

;PROGR CNTR

0454

E16F 38

 

 

 

SEC

 

;SUBTRACT ONE FROM RETURN ADDR

0455

E170

E9

01

 

 

SBC

#1

 

0456

E172

8D

25

A4

 

STA

SAVPC

 

0457

E175

68

 

 

 

PLA

 

 

0458

E176

E9

00

 

 

SBC

#0

 

0459

E178

8D

26

A4

 

STA

SAVPC+1

 

0460

E17B BA

 

 

 

TSX

 

;GET STACK PTR & SAVE IT

0461

E17C 8E 24 A4

 

STX

SAVS

 

0462

E17F

 

 

 

;SHOW PC AND DATA

 

0463

E17F 20 61 F4

IRQ2

JSR REGQ

;SHOW NEXT INSTRUCTION & CONTINUE

0464

E182

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0465

E182

 

 

 

;THIS ROUTINE WILL GET A CHR WITH "( )" FROM

0466

E182

 

 

 

;KB/TTY & THEN WILL GO TO THE RESPECTIVE COMMAND

0467

E182

4C

59

FF

START

JMP PAT19

;CLEAR DEC MODE & <CR>

0468

E185

A9

BC

 

STA1

LDA #'<'+$80

;"<" CHR WITH MSB=1 FOR DISP

0469

E187

20

7A

E9

 

JSR

OUTPUT

 

0470

E18A 20 96 FE

 

JSR RED1

;GET CHR & ECHO FROM KB/TTY

0471

E18D 48

 

 

 

PHA

 

 

0472

E18E A9 3E

 

 

LDA

#'>'

 

0473

E190

20

7A

E9

 

JSR

OUTPUT

 

0474

E193

68

 

 

 

PLA

 

;SCAN LIST OF CMDS FOR ENTERED CHR

0475

E194

A2

20

 

 

LDX

#MCNT

;COUNT OF COMMANDS

0476

E196

DD C4 E1

MCM2

CMP

COMB,X

;CHECK NEXT COMMAND IN LIST

0477

E199

F0

11

 

 

BEQ MCM3

;MATCH , SO PROCESS THIS COMMAND

0478

E19B CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

0479

E19C 10 F8

 

 

BPL

MCM2

 

0480

E19E

 

 

 

;IS BAD COMMAND

 

0481

E19E 20 D4 E7

 

JSR

QM

 

0482

E1A1 D8

 

 

COMIN

CLD

 

 

0483

E1A2 20 FE E8

 

JSR

LL

 

0484

E1A5 AE 24 A4

 

LDX

SAVS

 

0485

E1A8 9A

 

 

 

TXS

 

 

0486

E1A9 4C 82 E1

 

JMP

START

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 146 Page 148
Image 147
Page 146 Page 148
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Qjjj Data0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 60FFFFFF .JJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 02E61FBD JJJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page Basl System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 LOC1Mask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC BRTBL,X SaveLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 JSR LDA IN,YCMP BNE NomoveRTN MloopDCR BNZ MloopBM1 INRBNC BNZLoad DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Store IndirectStore DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect POP IndirectStore POP Indirect ACC SubtractPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect BNC LOOP1 CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF LOOP1 SUBBNZ LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement LOOP2LOOP3 SUB Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET Branch if PlusReturn from Sweet 16 Subroutine Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE BreakLDA #ADRH STA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,XSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source NVA DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D Input Enter String a $ , a $Sweet Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto Call -605 Return REM XAM8 in MonitorMnemr MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemlSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index BNE ORGCLC STANorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Representation LOW Floating Point PackageNumber Exponent Mantissa StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Floating Point Representation ExamplesFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page HIGH-ORDER STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY Calling SequencePage Page Page Page Page Page Seeeeeee MmmmmmmmFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 Addend YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry CMPNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement Errata for Rankins Floating Point Routines LDX Load X for High Byte of ExponentLDA STA Fmul LOGFadd FsubPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM RTLOG1 MdendNormx Object Code Dump Page Lstcom TapdelHsbdry Toutfl=UIRQVC OutvecUrcvec =UBRKVCADC TAXStocom STA ORABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F JMP BEQSTX CPXTXA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP Outxah PHANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Newdev LDA Dftxfr LDXLDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Bufadh DdrdigLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DUMPT4 LDY DumptDUMPT1 TXA DMPT1A LDAOutbth LDX Outcht STX Register Name PatchHS Tape Boundary Nowln Rockwell InternationalUdrah UddraTMASK1 =MOVAD OldlenLength MovadTABUF2 CurposChecksum TabuffWrite Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB EQS CRBCFD2A0A0A0A0 DB TO,EQSSEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Space Comm Nxtadd TYALOAD1A LDA ForLOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG OUTCK1 PHA Outcks LDADUMPT1 LDA Dumpta LDXE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY CPY ANY OtherSTA Outflg Outall PHA Output PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Debkey LDX Onekey LDAED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD1A CPX OUTD2A TXAOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET Newcol LDA NEW Print ROWBkcksm LDA Ckbuff LDAOUTTA2 LDX OUTTA1 PHAZero Leftmost Column F2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0DB BGYU76HN MNNDX2 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX1 LSRPRADR2 LDA PLAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS ROM Table FB46 8A9AAABACADAStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY IMMED1 LDX Tryjmp LDAOPCMP1 LDA Brnchc JMPConvrt LDA FORMD2 LDX Brcomp LDACompbr LDX Forwrd LDA Backwd LDACuread TXA MATCH1 JMPPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Brcomp AddblkADDS1A BkcksmCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 E6AC AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program ListingTable of Contents AIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference ManualIntroduction WIDTH? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic Memory SIZE?Printer Control Exiting BasicReentering Basic Basic CursorGetting Started with Basic Basic Command SET ASCCHR$ Listing a Program Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Operating on Programs and LinesList Printing Data Deleting a LineReplacing a Line Deleting a ProgramPrint ONE Half Equals 1/2 Number FormatNumber Output Format Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input Statement Input RVariable Names PSTG$ Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-AReserved Words Input B Program Using RelationsRemarks Relational TestsPrint Nsqrn LoopingSquare Root Program AN Improved Square Root ProgramSome Other Looping Operations Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N COUNT-BACKWARD ProgramSort Program Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Matrix OperationsStopping a Program Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Print Must be IntegerPrint LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTER Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 LEN FunctionMID$ Function RIGHT$ FunctionData AIM 65,DOG Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions CHR$ FunctionPrint Print X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Input Input X$Print X/1.3 Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Cntl PrintSymbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USE NegationRelational Operators Operator Argument Result Not Not If not Q3 thenStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Clear CommandsPrint Intruder Alert AlertStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEW Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LoadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEF Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Program StatementsStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIM Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ENDStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTOStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUB If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NextStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Example Restore ReturnPrint Value ISA Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION PrintString Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TABStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXP Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COSPrint Sinx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SINError Messages ?XX ErrorInverse Hyperbolic Secant TAB, SPC Space HintsPRINTX,Y,Z Speed Hints Storage Allocation InformationOLD This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLD AIMSOH Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal NULPrintx Address Content$AE InputnumbernRecording on Cassette Using the Basic Save Command RUN NUMBER?Storing AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette IN= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= OUT=T F=FNAME T=0FAC ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M OF9CSaving ATN Object Code on Cassette WIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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