Apple II manual NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4

Page 31

FCB3: 60

705

 

RTS

 

 

 

FCB4: E6 42

706

NXTA4

INC

A4L

;INCR 2-BYTE A4

FCB6: D0 02

707

 

BNE

NXTA1

;

AND A1

FCB8: E6 43

708

 

INC

A4H

 

 

FCBA: A5 3C

709

NXTA1

LDA

A1L

;INCR 2-BYTE A1.

FCBC: C5 3E

710

 

CMP

A2L

 

 

FCBE: A5 3D

711

 

LDA

A1H

;

AND COMPARE TO A2

FCC0: E5 3F

712

 

SBC

A2H

 

 

FCC2: E6 3C

713

 

INC

A1L

;

(CARRY SET IF >=)

FCC4: D0 02

714

 

BNE

RTS4B

 

 

FCC6: E6 3D

715

 

INC

A1H

 

 

FCC8: 60

716

RTS4B

RTS

 

 

 

FCC9: A0 4B

717

HEADR

LDY

#$4B

;WRITE A*256 'LONG 1'

FCCB: 20 DB FC

718

 

JSR

ZERDLY

;

HALF CYCLES

FCCE: D0 F9

719

 

BNE

HEADR

;

(650 USEC EACH)

FCD0: 69 FE

720

 

ADC

#$FE

 

 

FCD2: B0 F5

721

 

BCS

HEADR

;THEN A 'SHORT 0'

FCD4: A0 21

722

 

LDY

#$21

;

(400 USEC)

FCD6: 20 DB FC

723

WRBIT

JSR

ZERDLY

;WRITE TWO HALF CYCLES

FCD9: C8

724

 

INY

 

;

OF 250 USEC ('0')

FCDA: C8

725

 

INY

 

;

OR 500 USEC ('0')

FCDB: 88

726

ZERDLY

DEY

 

 

 

FCDC: D0 FD

727

 

BNE

ZERDLY

 

 

FCDE: 90 05

728

 

BCC

WRTAPE

;Y IS COUNT FOR

FCE0: A0 32

729

 

LDY

#$32

;

TIMING LOOP

FCE2: 88

730

ONEDLY

DEY

 

 

 

FCE3: D0 FD

731

 

BNE

ONEDLY

 

 

FCE5: AC 20 C0

732

WRTAPE

LDY

TAPEOUT

 

 

FCE8: A0 2C

733

 

LDY

#$2C

 

 

FCEA: CA

734

 

DEX

 

 

 

FCEB: 60

735

 

RTS

 

 

 

FCEC: A2 08

736

RDBYTE

LDX

#$08

;8 BITS TO READ

FCEE: 48

737

RDBYT2

PHA

 

;READ TWO TRANSITIONS

FCEF: 20 FA FC

738

 

JSR

RD2BIT

;

(FIND EDGE)

FCF2: 68

739

 

PLA

 

 

 

FCF3: 2A

740

 

ROL

 

;NEXT BIT

FCF4: A0 3A

741

 

LDY

#$3A

;COUNT FOR SAMPLES

FCF6: CA

742

 

DEX

 

 

 

FCF7: D0 F5

743

 

BNE

RDBYT2

 

 

FCF9: 60

744

 

RTS

 

 

 

FCFA: 20 FD FC

745

RD2BIT

JSR

RDBIT

 

 

FCFD: 88

746

RDBIT

DEY

 

;DECR Y UNTIL

FCFE: AD 60 C0

747

 

LDA

TAPEIN

; TAPE TRANSITION

FD01: 45 2F

748

 

EOR

LASTIN

 

 

FD03: 10 F8

749

 

BPL

RDBIT

 

 

FD05: 45 2F

750

 

EOR

LASTIN

 

 

FD07: 85 2F

751

 

STA

LASTIN

 

 

FD09: C0 80

752

 

CPY

#$80

;SET CARRY ON Y

FD0B: 60

753

 

RTS

 

 

 

FD0C: A4 24

754

RDKEY

LDY

CH

 

 

FD0E: B1 28

755

 

LDA

(BASL),Y

;SET SCREEN TO FLASH

FD10: 48

756

 

PHA

 

 

 

FD11: 29 3F

757

 

AND

#$3F

 

 

FD13: 09 40

758

 

ORA

#$40

 

 

FD15: 91 28

759

 

STA

(BASL),Y

 

 

FD17: 68

760

 

PLA

 

 

 

FD18: 6C 38 00

761

 

JMP

(KSWL)

;GO TO USER KEY-IN

FD1B: E6 4E

762

KEYIN

INC

RNDL

 

 

FD1D: D0 02

763

 

BNE

KEYIN2

;INCR RND NUMBER

FD1F: E6 4F

764

 

INC

RNDH

 

 

FD21: 2C 00 C0

765

KEYIN2

BIT

KBD

;KEY DOWN?

FD24: 10 F5

766

 

BPL

KEYIN

;

LOOP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 30 Page 32
Image 31
Page 30 Page 32
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Qjjj Data0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 60FFFFFF .JJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 02E61FBD JJJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page Basl System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 LOC1Mask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC BRTBL,X SaveLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 JSR LDA IN,YCMP BNE NomoveRTN MloopDCR BNZ MloopBM1 INRBNC BNZLoad DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Store IndirectPOP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Subtract ACCPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect BNC LOOP1 CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF LOOP1 SUBBNZ LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement LOOP2LOOP3 SUB Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET Branch if PlusReturn from Sweet 16 Subroutine Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE BreakSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X LDA #ADRHSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source NVA DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D Input Enter String a $ , a $Sweet Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto Call -605 Return REM XAM8 in MonitorMnemr MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemlSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index BNE ORGCLC STANorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Representation LOW Floating Point PackageNumber Exponent Mantissa StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Floating Point Representation ExamplesFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page HIGH-ORDER STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY Calling SequencePage Page Page Page Page Page Mmmmmmmm SeeeeeeeFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 Addend YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry CMPNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDA STA Fmul LOGFadd FsubPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Mdend RTLOG1Normx Object Code Dump Page Lstcom TapdelHsbdry Toutfl=UIRQVC OutvecUrcvec =UBRKVCADC TAXStocom STA ORABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F JMP BEQSTX CPXTXA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP Outxah PHANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Newdev LDA Dftxfr LDXLDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Ddrdig BufadhLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DUMPT4 LDY DumptDUMPT1 TXA DMPT1A LDAOutbth LDX Outcht STX Register Name PatchHS Tape Boundary Nowln Rockwell InternationalUdrah UddraTMASK1 =MOVAD OldlenLength MovadTABUF2 CurposChecksum TabuffWrite Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB EQS CRBCFD2A0A0A0A0 DB TO,EQSSEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Space Comm Nxtadd TYALOAD1A LDA ForLOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG OUTCK1 PHA Outcks LDADUMPT1 LDA Dumpta LDXE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY CPY ANY OtherSTA Outflg Outall PHA Output PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Debkey LDX Onekey LDAED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD2A TXA OUTD1A CPXOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET Newcol LDA NEW Print ROWBkcksm LDA Ckbuff LDAOUTTA2 LDX OUTTA1 PHAZero Leftmost Column F2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0DB BGYU76HN MNNDX2 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX1 LSRPLA PRADR2 LDAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS FB46 8A9AAABACADA ROM TableStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY IMMED1 LDX Tryjmp LDABrnchc JMP OPCMP1 LDAConvrt LDA Brcomp LDA FORMD2 LDXCompbr LDX Forwrd LDA Backwd LDACuread TXA MATCH1 JMPPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Brcomp AddblkADDS1A BkcksmCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 E6AC AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program ListingAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Table of ContentsIntroduction WIDTH? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic Memory SIZE?Printer Control Exiting BasicReentering Basic Basic CursorASC Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETCHR$ Listing a Program Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Operating on Programs and LinesList Printing Data Deleting a LineReplacing a Line Deleting a ProgramNumber Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Output Format Input R Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementVariable Names Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A PSTG$Reserved Words Input B Program Using RelationsRemarks Relational TestsPrint Nsqrn LoopingSquare Root Program AN Improved Square Root ProgramSome Other Looping Operations Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N COUNT-BACKWARD ProgramSort Program Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Matrix OperationsStopping a Program Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Print Must be IntegerPrint LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTER Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 LEN FunctionMID$ Function RIGHT$ FunctionData AIM 65,DOG Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions CHR$ FunctionPrint Print X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Input Input X$Print X/1.3 Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Cntl PrintNegation Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USERelational Operators Operator Argument Result Not Not If not Q3 thenStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Clear CommandsPrint Intruder Alert AlertStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEW Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LoadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEF Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Program StatementsStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTOStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUB If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NextStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Example Restore ReturnPrint Value ISA Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION PrintString Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TABStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXP Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COSPrint Sinx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN?XX Error Error MessagesInverse Hyperbolic Secant Space Hints TAB, SPCPRINTX,Y,Z Speed Hints Storage Allocation InformationOLD This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLD AIMSOH Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal NULPrintx Address Content$AE InputnumbernRUN NUMBER? Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette IN= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= OUT=T F=FNAME T=0FAC ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M OF9CSaving ATN Object Code on Cassette WIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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