Apple II manual Ora, Dehalf LDA

Page 170

1841

EBEA 20 23 EC

 

JSR

DEHALF

;DELAY 1/2 BIT TIME

1842

EBED AD 00 A8

GET3

LDA

DRB

;GET 8 BITS

1843

EBF0 29 40

 

AND

#$40

;MASK OFF OTHER BITS,ONLY PB6

1844

EBF2 4E 2A A4

 

LSR

CPIY

;SHIFT RIGHT CHARACTER

1845

EBF5 0D 2A A4

 

ORA

CPIY

 

1846

EBF8 8D 2A A4

 

STA

CPIY

 

1847

EBFB 20 0F EC

 

JSR DELAY

;DELAY 1 BIT TIME

1848

EBFE CA

 

DEX

 

 

1849

EBFF D0 EC

 

BNE GET3

;GET NEXT BIT

1850

EC01 20 0F EC

 

JSR DELAY

;DO NOT CARE FOR PARITY BIT

1851

EC04 20 23 EC

 

JSR DEHALF

;UNTIL WE GET BACK TO ONE AGAIN

1852

EC07 68

 

PLA

 

;RESTORE X

1853

EC08 AA

 

TAX

 

 

1854

EC09 AD 2A A4

 

LDA

CPIY

 

1855

EC0C 29 7F

 

AND #$7F

;CLEAR PARITY BIT

1856

EC0E 60

 

RTS

 

 

1857

EC0F

 

 

 

 

1858

EC0F

;DELAY

1 BIT TIME AS GIVEN BY BAUD RATE

1859

EC0F AD 18 A4

DELAY

LDA CNTL30

;START TIMER T2

1860

EC12 8D 08 A8

 

STA

T2L

 

1861

EC15 AD 17 A4

 

LDA

CNTH30

 

1862

EC18 8D 09 A8

DE1

STA

T2H

 

1863

EC1B AD 0D A8

DE2

LDA

IFR

;GET INT FLG FOR T2

1864

EC1E 29 20

 

AND

#MT2

 

1865

EC20 F0 F9

 

BEQ DE2

;TIME OUT ?

1866

EC22 60

 

RTS

 

 

1867

EC23

 

 

 

 

1868

EC23

;DELAY HALF BIT TIME

 

1869

EC23

;TOTAL TIME DIVIDED BY 2

1870

EC23 AD 17 A4

DEHALF LDA

CNTH30

 

1871

EC26 4A

 

LSR

A

;LSB TO CARRY

1872

EC27 AD 18 A4

 

LDA

CNTL30

 

1873

EC2A 6A

 

ROR

A

;SHIFT WITH CARRY

1874

EC2B 8D 08 A8

 

STA

T2L

 

1875

EC2E AD 17 A4

 

LDA

CNTH30

 

1876

EC31 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1877

EC32 8D 09 A8

 

STA

T2H

 

1878

EC35 4C 1B EC

 

JMP

DE2

 

1879

EC38

 

 

 

 

1880

EC38

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

1881

EC38 A9 00

GETKD0

LDA

#0

 

1882

EC3A 8D 77 A4

 

STA

IDOT

;GO ANOTHER 90 DOTS

1883

EC3D 20 50 F0

 

JSR IPO0

;OUTPUT 90 DOTS TO PRI (ZEROS)

1884

EC40

 

 

 

 

1885

EC40

;GET A CHAR FROM KB SUBROUTINE

1886

EC40

;FROM KB Y=ROW ,STBKEY=COLUMNS (STROBE)

1887

EC40

;X=CTRL OR

SHIFT ,OTHERWISE X=0

1888

EC40 20 EF EC

GETKEY JSR

ROONEK

;WAIT IF LAST KEY STILL DOWN

1889

EC43 20 2A ED

GETKY

JSR DEBKEY

;DEBOUNCE KEY (5 MSEC)

1890

EC46

;CTRL OR SHIFT ?

 

1891

EC46 A9 8F

 

LDA #$8F

;CHCK CLMN 5,6,7

1892

EC48 8D 80 A4

 

STA

DRA2

 

1893

EC4B AD 82 A4

 

LDA

DRB2

;CHCK ROW 1

1894

EC4E 4A

 

LSR

A

 

1895

EC4F B0 20

 

BCS

GETK1

;IF=1 ,NO CTRL OR SHIFT

1896

EC51 A2 03

 

LDX

#3

;CLMN 5,6,7 (CNTRL,SHIFTL,SHIFTR)

1897

EC53 A9 7F

 

LDA #$7F

;CTRL OR SHIFT ,SO WHICH ONE?

1898

EC55 38

GETK0

SEC

 

 

1899

EC56 6A

 

ROR

A

 

1900

EC57 48

 

PHA

 

 

1901

EC58 20 0B ED

 

JSR ONEK2

;LETS GET CTRL OR SHIFT INTO X

1902

EC5B AD 82 A4

 

LDA

DRB2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 169 Page 171
Image 170
Page 169 Page 171
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 02E61FBD JJJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC1 System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 BNE Nomove LDA IN,YCMP JSRBNZ Mloop MloopDCR RTNBNZ INRBNC BM1Store Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect POP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ACCSubtract LOOP1 SUB CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF BNC LOOP1LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement BNZ LOOP2Branch if Plus Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET LOOP3 SUBBreak Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND JMP LDA #ADRHSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Input Enter String a $ , a $ DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D NVACall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto SweetMneml MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index STA ORGCLC BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWFloating Point Representation Examples StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page Calling Sequence STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Fsub SeeeeeeeMmmmmmmm ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 CMP YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDA STA Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Fsub LOGFadd FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Normx RTLOG1Mdend Object Code Dump Page Toutfl TapdelHsbdry Lstcom=UBRKVC OutvecUrcvec =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F CPX BEQSTX JMPOutxah PHA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst LOADT2 BufadhDdrdig STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DMPT1A LDA DumptDUMPT1 TXA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Uddra Rockwell InternationalUdrah NowlnMovad OldlenLength TMASK1 =MOVADTabuff CurposChecksum TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTDD1 PHA OUTD1A CPXOUTD2A TXA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN MNNDX1 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX2 LSRPRADR4 DEX PRADR2 LDAPLA BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS Startm JSR ROM TableFB46 8A9AAABACADA Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXConvrt LDA OPCMP1 LDABrnchc JMP Compbr LDX FORMD2 LDXBrcomp LDA Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Bkcksm AddblkADDS1A BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACIntroduction Table of ContentsAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Memory SIZE? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic WIDTH?Basic Cursor Exiting BasicReentering Basic Printer ControlCHR$ Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETASC Operating on Programs and Lines Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Listing a ProgramDeleting a Program Deleting a LineReplacing a Line List Printing DataNumber Output Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Format Variable Names Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementInput R Reserved Words PSTG$Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A Relational Tests Program Using RelationsRemarks Input BAN Improved Square Root Program LoopingSquare Root Program Print NsqrnCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N Some Other Looping OperationsMatrix Operations Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Sort ProgramPrint Must be Integer Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Stopping a ProgramLEN Function Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionCHR$ Function Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Data AIM 65,DOGInput Input X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Print Print X$Cntl Print Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Print X/1.3Relational Operators Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USENegation Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotAlert CommandsPrint Intruder Alert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Print SinxInverse Hyperbolic Secant Error Messages?XX Error PRINTX,Y,Z TAB, SPCSpace Hints Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsOLD AIM This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLDNUL Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal SOHInputnumbern Address Content$AE PrintxStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandRUN NUMBER? OUT=T F=FNAME T= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= IN=OF9C ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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