Apple II manual Edba

Page 174

2089

EDB7 4C A1 E1

 

JMP

COMIN

 

2090

EDBA

 

 

 

 

2091

EDBA

;ADD 1 TO BLK COUNT AND OUTPUT IT

2092

EDBA EE 15 01

ADDBLK INC BLK

;INCR BLK CNT

2093

EDBD EE 11 A4

ADDBK1 INC PRIFLG

;SO DONT OUTPUT TO PRINTR

2094

EDC0 A9 12

 

LDA #18

;ONLY OUTPUT IN THIS POSITION

2095

EDC2 8D 15 A4

 

STA

CURPO2

 

2096

EDC5 AD 4A A4

 

LDA DIBUFF+18

;SAVE DISBUF (FOR EDIT)

2097

EDC8 48

 

PHA

 

 

2098

EDC9 AD 4B A4

 

LDA

DIBUFF+19

 

2099

EDCC 48

 

PHA

 

 

2100

EDCD AE 13 A4

 

LDX OUTFLG

;SAVE OUTFLG

2101

EDD0 A9 0D

 

LDA

#CR

 

2102

EDD2 8D 13 A4

 

STA

OUTFLG

;TO OUTPUT TO TERMINAL

2103

EDD5 AD 16 01

 

LDA

BLK+1

;BLK CNT COMING FROM TAPE

2104

EDD8 20 46 EA

 

JSR

NUMA

;OUTPUT IN ASCII

2105

EDDB 8E 13 A4

 

STX OUTFLG

;RESTORE OUTFLG

2106

EDDE 68

 

PLA

 

 

2107

EDDF 8D 4B A4

 

STA

DIBUFF+19

 

2108

EDE2 68

 

PLA

 

 

2109

EDE3 8D 4A A4

 

STA

DIBUFF+18

 

2110

EDE6 CE 11 A4

 

DEC PRIFLG

;RESTORE PRI FLG

2111

EDE9 60

 

RTS

 

 

2112

EDEA

 

 

 

 

2113

EDEA

;SET TAPE (1 OR 2) FOR INPUT

2114

EDEA A9 37

TAISET LDA #$37

;SET PB7 FOR INPUT

2115

EDEC 8D 02 A8

 

STA

DDRB

 

2116

EDEF AD 34 A4

 

LDA

TAPIN

;INPUT FLG (TAP 1=2 OR TAP 2=1)

2117

EDF2 20 1C EE

 

JSR

TIOSET

;RESET PB4 OR PB5

2118

EDF5 A9 EE

 

LDA

#MOFF+DATIN ;SET CA2=1 (DATA IN)

2119

EDF7 8D 0C A8

 

STA

PCR

 

2120

EDFA A9 FF

 

LDA

#$FF

;PREPARE T2

2121

EDFC 8D 08 A8

 

STA

T2L

;LACTH

2122

EDFF

;CHCK BIT BY BIT UNTIL

$16

2123

EDFF 20 3B EE

SYNC

JSR RDBIT

;GET A BIT IN MSB

2124

EE02 4E 2A A4

 

LSR CPIY

;MAKE ROOM FOR BIT

2125

EE05 0D 2A A4

 

ORA CPIY

;PUT BIT INTO MSB

2126

EE08 8D 2A A4

 

STA

CPIY

 

2127

EE0B C9 16

 

CMP

#$16

;SYN CHAR ?

2128

EE0D D0 F0

 

BNE

SYNC

 

2129

EE0F A2 05

 

LDX

#$05

;TEST FOR 5 SYN CHARS

2130

EE11 20 29 EE

SYNC1

JSR

GETTAP

 

2131

EE14 C9 16

 

CMP

#$16

 

2132

EE16 D0 E7

 

BNE SYNC

;IF NOT 2 CHAR RE-SYNC

2133

EE18 CA

 

DEX

 

 

2134

EE19 D0 F6

 

BNE

SYNC1

 

2135

EE1B 60

 

RTS

 

 

2136

EE1C

 

 

 

 

2137

EE1C

;SET PB4 OR PB5 OFF

 

2138

EE1C

;USED BY IN/OUT SET UPS

 

2139

EE1C D0 04

TIOSET BNE TIOS1

;BRCH IF TAP1

2140

EE1E A9 14

 

LDA #$14

;SET TAP 2 OFF (PB5=0)

2141

EE20 D0 02

 

BNE

TIOS2

 

2142

EE22 A9 24

TIOS1

LDA

#$24

;SET TAP 1 OFF (PB4=0)

2143

EE24 8D 00 A8

TIOS2

STA

DRB

 

2144

EE27 78

 

SEI

 

;DISABLE INTERR WHILE TAP

2145

EE28 60

 

RTS

 

 

2146

EE29

 

 

 

 

2147

EE29

;GET 1 CHAR FROM TAPE AND RETURN

2148

EE29

;WITH CHR IN ACC, USE CPIY TO ASM CHR ,USES Y

2149

EE29 A0 08

GETTAP LDY #$08

;READ 8 BITS

2150

EE2B 20 3B EE

GETA1

JSR RDBIT

;GET NEXT DATA BIT

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 173 Page 175
Image 174
Page 173 Page 175
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef 001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 02E61FBD JJJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC1 System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 BNE Nomove LDA IN,YCMP JSRBNZ Mloop MloopDCR RTNBNZ INRBNC BM1Store Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect POP IndirectStore POP Indirect ACC SubtractPOP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect LOOP1 SUB CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF BNC LOOP1LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement BNZ LOOP2Branch if Plus Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET LOOP3 SUBBreak Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineLDA #ADRH STA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,XSTA IND JMP Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Input Enter String a $ , a $ DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D NVACall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto SweetMneml MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index STA ORGCLC BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWFloating Point Representation Examples StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page Calling Sequence STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Seeeeeee MmmmmmmmFsub ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 CMP YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement Errata for Rankins Floating Point Routines LDX Load X for High Byte of ExponentLDA STA Fsub LOGFadd FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM RTLOG1 MdendNormx Object Code Dump Page Toutfl TapdelHsbdry Lstcom=UBRKVC OutvecUrcvec =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F CPX BEQSTX JMPOutxah PHA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst Bufadh DdrdigLOADT2 STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DMPT1A LDA DumptDUMPT1 TXA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Uddra Rockwell InternationalUdrah NowlnMovad OldlenLength TMASK1 =MOVADTabuff CurposChecksum TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTD1A CPX OUTD2A TXAOUTDD1 PHA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN MNNDX1 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX2 LSRPRADR2 LDA PLAPRADR4 DEX BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS ROM Table FB46 8A9AAABACADAStartm JSR Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXOPCMP1 LDA Brnchc JMPConvrt LDA FORMD2 LDX Brcomp LDACompbr LDX Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Bkcksm AddblkADDS1A BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACTable of Contents AIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference ManualIntroduction Memory SIZE? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic WIDTH?Basic Cursor Exiting BasicReentering Basic Printer ControlGetting Started with Basic Basic Command SET ASCCHR$ Operating on Programs and Lines Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Listing a ProgramDeleting a Program Deleting a LineReplacing a Line List Printing DataPrint ONE Half Equals 1/2 Number FormatNumber Output Format Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input Statement Input RVariable Names PSTG$ Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-AReserved Words Relational Tests Program Using RelationsRemarks Input BAN Improved Square Root Program LoopingSquare Root Program Print NsqrnCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N Some Other Looping OperationsMatrix Operations Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Sort ProgramPrint Must be Integer Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Stopping a ProgramLEN Function Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionCHR$ Function Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Data AIM 65,DOGInput Input X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Print Print X$Cntl Print Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Print X/1.3Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USE NegationRelational Operators Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotAlert CommandsPrint Intruder Alert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIM Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ENDStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Print SinxError Messages ?XX ErrorInverse Hyperbolic Secant TAB, SPC Space HintsPRINTX,Y,Z Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsOLD AIM This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLDNUL Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal SOHInputnumbern Address Content$AE PrintxRecording on Cassette Using the Basic Save Command RUN NUMBER?Storing AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette OUT=T F=FNAME T= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= IN=OF9C ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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