Apple II manual TOGTA2 LDA

Page 158

1100

E6C9 D0 2F

 

 

BNE BRK4

;IF $10 TAPE CNTRL IS OFF

1101

E6CB

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1102

E6CB

 

 

 

;*****

2 COMMAND-TOGGLE TAPE 2 CONTROL *****

1103

E6CB AD 00 A8

TOGTA2 LDA

DRB

 

1104

E6CE 49 20

 

 

EOR

#$20

;INVERT PB5

1105

E6D0 8D 00 A8

 

STA

DRB

 

1106

E6D3 29 20

 

 

AND

#$20

 

1107

E6D5 F0 1A

 

 

BEQ

BRK3

 

1108

E6D7 D0 21

 

 

BNE

BRK4

 

1109

E6D9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1110

E6D9

 

 

 

;*****

V COMMAND-TOGGLE REGISTER DISP FLG *****

1111

E6D9

 

 

 

;DISPLAY REGIST BEFORE EXEC

1112

E6D9 A2 0E

 

REGT

LDX

#REGF

 

1113

E6DB D0 0A

 

 

BNE

TOGL

 

1114

E6DD

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1115

E6DD

 

 

 

;****** Z COMMAND-TOGGLE DIS TRACE FLG *****

1116

E6DD

 

 

 

;DISPL NEXT INSTR BEFORE EXEC

1117

E6DD A2 0F

 

TRACE

LDX

#DISFLG

 

1118

E6DF D0 06

 

 

BNE

TOGL

 

1119

E6E1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1120

E6E1

 

 

 

;*****

\ COMMAND-TOGGLE PRINTER FLAG *****

1121

E6E1 A2 11

 

PRITR

LDX

#PRIFLG

 

1122

E6E3 D0 02

 

 

BNE

TOGL

 

1123

E6E5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1124

E6E5

 

 

 

;*****

4 COMMAND-TOGGLE SOFT BRK ENABL FLG *****

1125

E6E5 A2 10

 

BRKK

LDX

#BKFLG

 

1126

E6E7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1127

E6E7 BD 00 A4

TOGL

LDA MONRAM,X

;LOAD FLAG

1128

E6EA F0 0A

 

 

BEQ TOGL1

;FLAG IS OFF ,SO TURN ON

1129

E6EC A9 00

 

 

LDA

#0

;FLAG IS ON ,SO TURN OFF

1130

E6EE 9D 00 A4

 

STA

MONRAM,X

 

1131

E6F1 A0 24

 

BRK3

LDY

#M7-M1

;PRINT "OFF"

1132

E6F3 4C AF E7

BRK2

JMP

KEP

 

1133

E6F6 38

 

 

TOGL1

SEC

 

;TURN FLAG ON BY SETTING NON-ZERO

1134

E6F7 7E 00 A4

 

ROR

MONRAM,X

;FLAG IS ON MSB

1135

E6FA A0 21

 

BRK4

LDY

#M6-M1

;PRINT "ON"

1136

E6FC D0 F5

 

 

BNE

BRK2

 

1137

E6FE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1138

E6FE

 

 

 

;***** # COMMAND-CLEAR ALL BREAKS *****

1139

E6FE A9 00

 

CLRBK

LDA

#0

;STORE ZEROS INTO BRKPT LIST

1140

E700

A2

07

 

 

LDX

#7

 

1141

E702

9D

00

01

RS20

STA

BKS,X

 

1142

E705

CA

 

 

 

DEX

 

 

1143

E706

10

FA

 

 

BPL

RS20

 

1144

E708

30

E7

 

 

BMI BRK3

;PRINT "OFF"

1145

E70A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1146

E70A

 

 

 

;***** K COMMAND-DISASSEMBLE MEMORY *****

1147

E70A A9 2A

 

KDISA

LDA #'*'

;GET START ADDRESS

1148

E70C 20 7A E9

 

JSR

OUTPUT

 

1149

E70F 20 AE EA

 

JSR

ADDIN

 

1150

E712

B0

F6

 

 

BCS

KDISA

;IF ERROR DO IT AGAIN

1151

E714

20

D7

E5

 

JSR

CGPC0

;GET IT INTO PROG CNTR

1152

E717

20

37

E8

 

JSR

PSL1

;PRINT "/"

1153

E71A 20 85 E7

 

JSR

GCNT

;GET COUNT

1154

E71D 20 24 EA

 

JSR

CRCK

 

1155

E720

4C

2B

E7

 

JMP

JD2

 

1156

E723

20

07

E9

JD1

JSR

RCHEK

;SEE IF HE WANTS TO INTERRUPT

1157

E726

20

90

E7

 

JSR

DONE

 

1158

E729

F0

17

 

 

BEQ

JD4

 

1159

E72B 20 6C F4

JD2

JSR

DISASM

;GO TO DISASSEMBLER

1160

E72E AD 25 A4

 

LDA

SAVPC

;POINT TO NEXT INSTRUC LOCAT

1161

E731

38

 

 

 

SEC

 

;ONE MORE TO PROG CNTR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 157 Page 159
Image 158
Page 157 Page 159
Contents Apple II Original ROM Information Data Qjjj0005A0 FDA9A920 EDFDA98D 4CEDFDA9 8D4CEDFD Page Page Page JI@ Page 001AE0 E8EEE7E8 Efefeeef Eeefeeee Efeeeeee 001AA0 F3FFE8E1 E8E8EFEB FFFFE0FF Ffefeeef001AC0 FFFFE1E1 EFEEE7E8 EEE7F3FB FBEEE1EF 001DB0 9CDD9CDE DD9EC3DD Cfcacdcb 00479AAD 001FB0 Ffffffff FFFF2071 E14CBFEF 2003EEA9 Page 02E61FBD JJJ DDBAF9F0 0DBDBAF9FA60FFFF 60FFFFFF .JJAEAEA8AD Page Page Return Page LOC1 System Monitor CopyrightLOC0 BaslMask INY NO, INC Index X-COORD LDY PCH PRMN1 LDA FMT1 DFB Format Above EOR STA A3H FAE2 A2 FB Tabv STA Vtabs to ROW in A-REG STA Bash BCC Clreol Clear to END of Line NXTA4 INC A4L Incr 2-BYTE A4 STA BASL,Y Replace Flashing Screen Fdad A5 3C LT2 LDA A2L,X Copy A2 2 Bytes to Ioprt LDA A2L SET RAM IN/OUT Vectors BCC RD3 Loop Until Done STA A3H,X DFB LIST-1 FFF3 CC Save BRTBL,XLSR Prepare Carry for BC, BNC Stat LDA R0L JSR STAT2 Push LOW PC Byte VIA R12 BNE Nomove LDA IN,YCMP JSRBNZ Mloop MloopDCR RTNBNZ INRBNC BM1Store Indirect ExampleLoad Indirect Load DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectStore POP Indirect Store DOUBLE-BYTE IndirectPOP Indirect POP DOUBLE-BYTE Indirect ACCSubtract LOOP1 SUB CompareBF A0 SET $A0BF BNC LOOP1LOOP2 Return to 6502 ModeDecrement BNZ LOOP2Branch if Plus Branch if no CarryBranch if Carry SET LOOP3 SUBBreak Branch if Minus ONEBranch if not Minus ONE Return from Sweet 16 SubroutineSTA IND JMP LDA #ADRHSTA IND+1 LDA OPTBL,X Page Page Sweet 16 Introduction Page Source Input Enter String a $ , a $ DSPPrint Dbload Sweet REM Ctrl D NVACall -605 Return REM XAM8 in Monitor Poke 776 , a REM Poke DestinationPrint Print Goto SweetMneml MINI-ASSEMBLERBaum MnemrSBC PCL Form ADDR-PC-2 JSR Cout Position FORM7 STX A1H Save Index STA ORGCLC BNENorm LDA EXP1 ZERO? Shift Dividend Left Floating Point Package Floating Point Representation LOWFloating Point Representation Examples StoredHigh LOW EXP Mantissa Number Exponent MantissaFloating Point Subroutine Descriptions Page Page Page Page Calling Sequence STY Init MANT1 LDYSTY HIGH-ORDERPage Page Page Page Page Page Fsub SeeeeeeeMmmmmmmm ORG SET Base page Adresses STA X2,X Common LOG of MANT/EXP1 Result in MANT/EXP1 Ovflw BRK Overflow 1EBB STA X2,X Load EXP/MANT2 with Z 1EBD DEX 1EBE BPL LF3 CMP YES,RETURN with MANT1 NormalizedRight Shift MANT1 or Swap with MANT2 on Carry AddendNormx BCC Norm If EXEN, Normalize PRODUCT, Else Complement LDA STA Errata for Rankins Floating Point RoutinesLDX Load X for High Byte of Exponent Fsub LOGFadd FmulPage Mantissa MOD 9/76 Load X for Later M2MHL Contin 1EAD LFA LDA Z,X L2E DCM Normx RTLOG1Mdend Object Code Dump Page Toutfl TapdelHsbdry Lstcom=UBRKVC OutvecUrcvec =UIRQVCTAX ADCORA Stocom STABPL HASHUS+2 Restore Except A,F CPX BEQSTX JMPOutxah PHA Exwrap RTSChksad PHP TXANibasc and #$0F Nibble in a to Ascii in a BCS INST1 RTI Ldbyte JSR Inbyte Verify MEM E1PARM JMP STD2 MORED2 LDY JSR Brtt INC Ercnt UP to FF MEM3EX CLC SBC P3L BNE Exitgk Ksconf LDA Txtmov LDA BNE INRT2 Outone Dftxfr LDX Newdev LDALDA Toutfl 8BFF 0D Msfirst LOADT2 BufadhDdrdig STA Mode BNE Lcerr Last Char not Kgettr LDA H8DFF BCC PACKT3 DMPT1A LDA DumptDUMPT1 TXA DUMPT4 LDYOutbth LDX Register Name Patch Outcht STXHS Tape Boundary Uddra Rockwell InternationalUdrah NowlnMovad OldlenLength TMASK1 =MOVADTabuff CurposChecksum TABUF2Write Edge Detect Control not Used Because KB CRB EQSDB TO,EQS CFD2A0A0A0A0SEI Disable Interrupt RS6 JSR Crlow Clear Display E1AC Have Valid Command Nxtadd TYA Space CommFor LOAD1A LDALOADK5 LDX JMP LOADK5 Next E46A EE INC Bkflg SET FLG Outcks LDA OUTCK1 PHADumpta LDX DUMPT1 LDAE5EA TOGTA1 LDA TOGTA2 LDA BCC JD3 MSG Whereo LDY ANY Other CPYSTA Outflg Output PHA Outall PHAROL Priflg Restore FLG Wrax JSR Numa EAA3 CA DEX Memerr JSR STA STIY+2 Dehalf LDA EC5E 4A LSR Only ROW Onekey LDA Debkey LDXED3B GET a Char from Tape Subroutine Edba LSR Cpiy Make Room for MSB Outtty PHA OUTDD1 PHA OUTD1A CPXOUTD2A TXA LDA First Chip Select Prndot LDA LDA #PRTIME/256 Start T2 for 1.7 Msec BIT Imask See if DOT is SET NEW Print ROW Newcol LDACkbuff LDA Bkcksm LDAOUTTA1 PHA OUTTA2 LDXF2E1 3E7E7F3E7F7FCOL0 Zero Leftmost ColumnDB BGYU76HN MNNDX1 LSR RtmodeGetfmt TAX MNNDX2 LSRPRADR4 DEX PRADR2 LDAPLA BPL PCADJ4 AIM Text Editor LDA END+1 CMP with END AF E7 JMP KEP RUB COMMAND-FIND String JMP CHN1 See if WE RAN Past END of Buffer Limit BEQ REP2 SBC Oldlen GOGO1 RTS Startm JSR ROM TableFB46 8A9AAABACADA Rdaddr LDY Tryjmp LDA IMMED1 LDXConvrt LDA OPCMP1 LDABrnchc JMP Compbr LDX FORMD2 LDXBrcomp LDA Backwd LDA Forwrd LDAMATCH1 JMP Curead TXAPATCH4 LDX CURPO2 Dont do Anything if 8D PATC15 JSR Crlf Decode Command Bkcksm AddblkADDS1A BrcompCRA Goerr Namo E8CF NAMO1 RD2 EA5D RD1 AIM 65 Microcomputer Monitor Program Listing E6ACIntroduction Table of ContentsAIM 65 Microcomputer Basic Language Reference Manual Memory SIZE? Installing Basic in the AIM ROM Installation ProcedureEntering Basic WIDTH?Basic Cursor Exiting BasicReentering Basic Printer ControlCHR$ Getting Started with Basic Basic Command SETASC Operating on Programs and Lines Direct and Indirect Commands Direct CommandsIndirect Commands Listing a ProgramDeleting a Program Deleting a LineReplacing a Line List Printing DataNumber Output Format Print ONE Half Equals 1/2Number Format Variable Names Variables Assigning Variables with AN Input StatementInput R Reserved Words PSTG$Print A, A*2 LET Z=7 Print Z, Z-A Relational Tests Program Using RelationsRemarks Input BAN Improved Square Root Program LoopingSquare Root Program Print NsqrnCOUNT-BACKWARD Program Another Square Root ProgramPrint Nsqrn Next N Some Other Looping OperationsMatrix Operations Print What is the NumberPrint I,J Next Next J Sort ProgramPrint Must be Integer Print BAD GUESS, TRY Again RestoreInput N Stopping a ProgramLEN Function Strings$=ROCKWELL R6500 Print A$ Rockwell R6500 Print LENA$,LENMICROCOMPUTERRIGHT$ Function MID$ FunctionCHR$ Function Print B$ Basic for Rockwell R6500Print C$ Basic FOR-ROCKWELL-R6500 VAL and Strs Functions Data AIM 65,DOGInput Input X$ Additional String ConsiderationsName Example PURPOSE/USE DIM Print Print X$Cntl Print Operators Symbol Sample StatementESC Print X/1.3Relational Operators Symbol Sample Statement PURPOSE/USENegation Not If not Q3 then Operator Argument Result NotAlert CommandsPrint Intruder Alert Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example ClearStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Load Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION FREStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION List Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION NEWProgram Statements Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example RUNStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example Save Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example DEFStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION For Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION DIMStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION END Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...GOTO Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION GosubStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Goto Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION IF...THENStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Next If X0 then Print ERROR, X Negative Goto ExampleStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LET Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ON...GOSUBExample Restore Return Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RestoreSymbol SYNTAX/FUNCTION Wait Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReturnStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Print Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION InputStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION POS Print Value ISAStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION TAB Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ReadStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION SPC String Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ASCStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION MID$ Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEFT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION LEN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION RIGHT$Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION COS Arithmetic Functions Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ABSStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION ATN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION EXPStatement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SIN Statement SYNTAX/FUNCTION Example SGNPrint Sgnx Print SinxInverse Hyperbolic Secant Error Messages?XX Error PRINTX,Y,Z TAB, SPCSpace Hints Storage Allocation Information Speed HintsOLD AIM This is Probably the Most Important Speed HintConverting Basic Programs not Written for AIM 65 Basic OLDNUL Assembly Language SubroutinesAscii Character Codes Decimal SOHInputnumbern Address Content$AE PrintxStoring AIM 65 Basic Programs on Cassette Recording on Cassette Using the Basic Save CommandRUN NUMBER? OUT=T F=FNAME T= Cassette Operations Using the AIM 65 EditorOUT=T F= IN=OF9C ATN ImplementationEntered by Alter Memory M 0FACWIDTH? Bytes Free AIM 65 Basic Saving ATN Object Code on Cassette
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Manual 19 pages 1.54 Kb

II specifications

The Apple II, launched in April 1977, was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It marked a significant leap in personal computing, setting standards for future developments in the industry. Created by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, the Apple II differentiated itself with its user-friendly design, appealing aesthetics, and robust capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Apple II was its open architecture, which allowed users to expand and enhance the computer's functionality. This design enabled hundreds of third-party hardware and software developers to contribute to its ecosystem, resulting in an array of peripherals, including printers, modems, and storage devices. The Apple II utilized a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 MHz. Initially equipped with 4 KB of RAM, the machine could be expanded to 48 KB, accommodating more complex applications and programs.

The Apple II was also notable for its colorful graphics. It was one of the first computers to support color display, offering a 6-color palette with a resolution of 280x192 pixels in 16 colors when using its Color Graphics Card. This feature significantly enhanced the visual appeal of games and educational software developed for the platform, making computing more accessible and entertaining for various audiences.

Apple's commitment to user experience was evident in the design of the machine. It featured an integrated keyboard and a plastic case, which was both durable and visually appealing. The self-contained design included drive bays for floppy disk drives, allowing for quicker data access than traditional tape drives. It also supported audio output, enabling sound effects and music, a novelty at the time.

The introduction of the Apple DOS operating system further underscored the machine's capabilities. DOS streamlined file management and made it easier for users to navigate and manage their data. The combination of hardware and software positioned the Apple II as an educational tool and a gaming platform, fostering a vibrant software ecosystem.

The Apple II family continued to evolve, with variations like the Apple II+, IIe, and IIgs being introduced over the years. These iterations brought enhancements in memory, processing power, and graphics capabilities. The legacy of the Apple II endures, not only as a foundational product in personal computing but also as a symbol of innovation that paved the way for future advancements in technology. Its impact is still felt today, as it inspired countless developers and shaped the trajectory of the computer industry.
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