.

Figure 1-10. Example: Three-Wire Connections (Voltage Measurements)

Two-Wire Connections When Low and Guard are connected together at the digitizer’s input on a low-voltage range (4V and below), the injected current is directed to flow through the source impedance (in a floating source) and the resultant voltage drop will introduce a measurement error.

The resultant voltage drop through the source impedance can be a significant error on low-voltage ranges where the voltage of interest is small. It is not as significant an error on high-voltage ranges because the error introduced is not a significant part of a larger voltage and the percent of error is less significant.

Measurement error can increase significantly when you connect Low to Guard at the digitizer’s input AND use switches to switch input signals to the digitizer. Some switches have input protection resistors (usually 100W) in series with the switch. The digitizer’s injected current now generates a voltage drop across this resistor in addition to the voltage drop generated across the source impedance. Even with a grounded source, an error voltage is generated across the switches current limiting resistor.

Two examples of two-wire connections follow. For the first example, Figure 1-11 shows a typical connection using coaxial cable. For the second example, Figure 1-12 shows connections for a differential source.

Figure 1-11. Example: Two-Wire Connections (Coaxial Cable)

26 Configuring the Digitizer Modules

Chapter 1

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Agilent Technologies E1564A, E1563A user manual Example Three-Wire Connections Voltage Measurements
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E1563A, E1564A specifications

Agilent Technologies, a prominent player in the field of electronic measurement, offers a range of products designed for various testing applications. Among their notable offerings are the E1564A and E1563A modules. Both models are designed for high-performance testing and measurement, catering particularly to the needs of engineers and technicians in the telecommunications and wireless industries.

The Agilent E1564A is a high-speed data and synchronization generation module, specifically tailored for advanced signal analysis. One of its primary features is its ability to provide a wide range of modulation types, including QPSK and 16QAM, which are essential for testing modern communication systems. The module also boasts a flexible output that supports multiple channels, making it efficient for testing complex systems where multiple data streams are present. Its exceptional performance in generating accurate waveforms enables engineers to perform thorough tests and validations on their devices.

On the other hand, the E1563A module is predominantly focused on protocol analysis and provides engineers with insights into the behavior of their communication systems. This module features comprehensive support for various communication protocols, making it invaluable when debugging and validating designs. Engineers can utilize the extensive measurement capabilities of the E1563A to analyze data integrity and system performance, ensuring that their products meet required specifications.

Both modules leverage advanced technologies from Agilent, ensuring high accuracy and reliability in measurements. They are equipped with powerful processing capabilities that allow for real-time data analysis, a critical aspect when working with high-frequency signals. Furthermore, these modules are designed for seamless integration into Agilent’s test and measurement platforms, enhancing usability and facilitating complex testing scenarios.

In summary, the Agilent E1564A and E1563A modules represent cutting-edge solutions for engineers involved in testing and validating communication systems. With their robust features, including support for various modulation schemes and protocol analysis, these modules enable efficient and accurate measurements. The commitment to quality and precision from Agilent Technologies continues to make these devices essential tools in the industry, helping engineers push the boundaries of innovation in telecommunications.
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