Purpose, Measurement Method | Agilent Technologies E4406A instruction

Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement

Making Measurements

Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement

Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement

Purpose

Many of the digitally modulated signals now look noise-like in the time and frequency domain. This means that statistical measurements of the signals can be a useful characterization. Power Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) curves characterize the higher level power statistics of a digitally modulated signal. The curves can be useful in determining design parameters for digital communications systems.

The power statistics CCDF measurement can be affected by many factors. For example, modulation filtering, modulation format, combining the multiple signals at different frequencies, number of active codes and correlation between symbols on different codes with spread spectrum systems. These factors are all related to modulation and signal parameters. Factors like signal compression and expansion by non-linear components, group delay distortion from filtering, and power control within the observation interval also affect the measurement.

Measurement Method

The power measured in power statistics CCDF curves is actually instantaneous envelope power defined by the equation:

P = (I2 + Q2) / Zo

(where I and Q are the quadrature voltage components of the waveform and Zo is the characteristic impedance).

A CCDF curve is defined by how much time the waveform spends at or above a given power level. The percent of time the signal spends at or above the level defines the probability for that particular power level. To make the power statistics CCDF measurement, the transmitter tester uses digital signal processing (DSP) to sample the input signal in the channel bandwidth.

The Gaussian distribution line as the band-limited gaussian noise CCDF reference line, the user-definable reference trace, and the currently measured trace are shown on a semi-log graph. If the currently measured trace is above the user reference trace, it means that the higher peak power levels against the average power are included in the input signal.

For power statistics CCDF measurements using baseband I/Q inputs see “Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C)” on page 151.

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Chapter 4

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Agilent Technologies E4406A manual Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement, Purpose, Measurement Method

Contents

Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series User’s GuideTransmitter Tester Safety Information LIMITATION OF WARRANTY WarrantyEXCLUSIVE REMEDIES Page Using System Features ContentsGetting Started 3.Setting the Mode Contents4. Making Measurements Contents Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Making the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Changing the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Service Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Timebase Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 50 MHz Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Front Panel Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Service Power vs. Time Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 What are Baseband I/Q Inputs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 What are Baseband I/Q Signals? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Why Make Measurements at Baseband?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Making Measurements with Baseband I/Q Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Baseband I/Q Measurement Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Selecting Input Probes for Baseband Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Selecting Baseband I/Q Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Selecting Baseband I/Q Input Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Setting Up Baseband I/Q Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Baseband I/Q Measurement Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Baseband I/Q Measurement Result Examples 5. If You Have a Problem Contents6. Options and Accessories List of Keys List of Keys Front Panel Test List of Keys Reference List of Keys Getting Started Topics include Standard Documentation TablePart Description Table Personality DocumentationMeasurement Option Part Description URL for the Latest VSA Transmitter Tester Update Understanding Digital Communications MeasurementsDescription Agilent Part Getting Started Updating the FirmwareChapter Making a Measurement Setup KeysStep Primary Key Front Panel Keys Context Dependency System Service GSM cdmaOne Waveform Time Domain Spectrum Freq Domain Spurious Close Channel PowerMeas View/Setup Trace MEASURESetup Channel Power SetupMarker Getting Started Service GSM cdmaOne Waveform Time Domain Spectrum Freq Domain Spurious Close Channel PowerMeas View/Setup Trace MEASURESetup Front Panel Description 2.Control keys Getting Started Front Panel Description Chapter 6.Mode keys select the measurement mode and mode parameters See page 83 for more detail Getting Started Front Panel Description Chapter 12.Floppy Disk Drive. The floppy disk drive accepts 1.44 megabyte disks. For an explanation of the operation of the floppy disc drive see the Using Print Keys section on page be implemented with a future firmware update Getting Started Rear Panel Description Rear Panel DescriptionChapter measurements. The external trigger accepts an 11. PARALLEL The PARALLEL connection supports remote printing Display Annotation Measurement Bar. Displays information about ESec even second clock - The green ESec Installing Optional Measurement Personalities Available Personality Options Loading the Optional Personality Required InformationKey Path Available Personality Options Viewing a License Key Installing a License Key Using the Uninstall KeyPage Figure 1-5HP 24542U Cable Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port RS-232Figure 1-6HP F1047-80002Cable Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port RS-232 Figure 1-7HP 24542G/H CableFigure HP 92219J Cable Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port RS-232 Figure 1-10HP 24542M Modem CableFigure 1-11HP C2913A/C2914A Cable Figure 1-12Mouse Adapter typical Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port RS-232 Figure 1-13HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6641AdapterFigure 1-14HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6640Adapter Figure 1-15HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6642Adapter Figure 1-16HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6639Adapter Figure 1-19HP F1047-80002Cable with 5181-6642Adapter Safety Considerations Instrument Installation Instrument Operation and Maintenance Safety Considerations for Service Personnel Getting Started Safety Considerations Chapter Using System Features Using System Keys Install and Uninstall Key Access Locations Key LocationsTable Key Locations Using System FeaturesChapter Key Access Locations TableUsing System Features Key Access Path Key Access Locations Using System Features Key LocationsKey Access Path Table Key Access Locations Using System Features Key LocationsKey Access Path Table Key Access Locations Using System FeaturesKey Access Path Table Key Access Locations Using System FeaturesKey Access Path Key Locations Using System Features Key LocationsInput/Input Port Chapter Using System Features Key Locations Chapter Key Access Locations Using System FeaturesKey Access Path Key Locations Using Print and Print Setup Functions Printing a Displayed Screen language default to when Color Print is set toFront Panel Key Level Using Print and Print Setup Functions Using System FeaturesChapter selected the six screen filesshown below are available only when Loading a State Using File and Save KeysSaving a State Using the Alpha Editor Keys LevelLevel Level Using Input/Output Configuration Keys Configuring I/O •SCPI LAN - Accesses the following keys File System ReferenceFront Panel Level •10 MHz Out - Activates, or deactivates, the 10 MHz out signal on the rear panel of the instrument. The 10 MHz out can be used to lock other test equipment to the same frequency reference that is used by the transmitter tester. Once activated, the 10 MHz out feature is persistent, so if it is set to On it will remain on, even if the instrument has been preset, or powered off and then on Restore System Defaults Using System Configuration and Alignment KeysShow Errors features are described in the service guide Show System Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment KeysShow System Displays Chapter System Local Using System FeaturesUsing System Configuration and Alignment Keys Chapter Alignment FrontLevel Level remains constant Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Using System FeaturesChapter Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Using System FeaturesChapter Setting the Mode Setting the Mode Selecting a Mode Selecting a ModeChapter Mode Setup Input Keys Adjust Input Attenuation and Input Power Adjust the IF Align Signal Trigger Keys •RF Burst Wideband •Video IF Envlp Selecting the Frequency/Channel •Sync Source key menu 4 Making Measurements Basic Measurements Using Measure Keys Initial SetupPreparing for Measurements Measurement Control Measurement SetupAveraging Voltage Avg - The voltage is averaged Trigger Source Changing the View •Typical Measurement Windows•Trace Display Span / X Scale Keys •Amplitude / Y Scale Keys Trace Using MarkersMarkers Marker Functions Search Marker Making the Spectrum Frequency Domain Measurement PurposeMeasurement Method Making the Measurement Results Changing the Measurement Setup Spectrum Frequency Domain Measurement DefaultsTable Making Measurements measurement data Auto Auto Peak - Select this to set the ADC range automatically to the peak signal level. Auto peak is a compromise that works well for both CW and burst signals Changing the View Making MeasurementsMaking the Spectrum Frequency Domain Measurement Chapter Figure 4-4Spectrum Measurement - I/Q Polar View Changing the Display Changing the Linear Spectrum Display Changing the I or Q Waveform Window Changing the I/Q Polar Window Selecting Displayed Traces Within WindowsMaking Measurements Making the Spectrum Frequency Domain Measurement Using the Markers Measuring Band Power Troubleshooting Hints Making MeasurementsMaking the Spectrum Frequency Domain Measurement Chapter Making the Waveform Time Domain Measurement PurposeMeasurement Method Making the Measurement Input signal: cdma2000 Rev 8, SR1, 9 Channel Results Making the Waveform Time Domain Measurement Making MeasurementsChapter Waveform Time Domain Measurement Defaults Changing the Measurement SetupTable In addition, the following parameters can be modified Making the Waveform Time Domain Measurement Making MeasurementsChapter Changing the View Meas Setup: View/Trace = I/Q Waveform View Changing the Display Figure 4-9Waveform Measurement - I/Q Polar View Making the Waveform Time Domain Measurement Making MeasurementsChapter Using the Markers •Off - Allows you to turn off the selected marker Troubleshooting Hints differing values for the maximum point Making the Adjacent Channel Power ACP Measurement Making the Adjacent Channel Power ACP MeasurementPurpose Measurement Method ACP Setup Recommendation Making the MeasurementResults Table Changing the Measurement Setup Adjacent Channel Power Measurement DefaultsMaking the Adjacent Channel Power ACP Measurement Figure 4-10ACP Measurement - Bar Graph View Making the Adjacent Channel Power ACP Measurement Making MeasurementsMaximum Chapter Offset A 750.000 kHz Offset B 1.98000 MHz Chapter Changing the View •Limit Test - Turns off the limit test function Making the Adjacent Channel Power ACP Measurement Figure 4-11ACP Measurement - Spectrum ViewMaking Measurements Chapter Troubleshooting Hints This adjacent channel power ratio measurement can reveal degraded or defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following examples are those areas to be checked further Making the Channel Power Measurement Making the Channel Power MeasurementPurpose Measurement Method Channel Power Measurement Making the MeasurementResults Figure Channel Power Measurement Defaults Changing the Measurement SetupTable Page Troubleshooting Hints Using the MarkerChanging the Display Purpose Making the Power Stat CCDF MeasurementMeasurement Method Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Making the MeasurementResults Figure Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Defaults Changing the Measurement SetupTable Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Changing the ViewChanging the Display Making Measurements Troubleshooting Hints Using the Markers•Off - Allows you to turn off the selected marker Service Measurements Front Panel Test on page Pwr vs Time on page Test Setup Timebase FrequencyPurpose Measurement Method Window Three Freq Error ResultsWindow One Time Record Window Two Magnitude 50 MHz Amplitude Test SetupPurpose Measurement Method Window Three Error ResultsWindow One RF Magnitude Window Two Cal Magnitude Sensors Test SetupPurpose Measurement Method Making Measurements Sensors Chapter Test Setup Front Panel TestPurpose Troubleshooting Hints ResultsMaking Measurements Front Panel Test Chapter Service Power vs. Time Measurement Service Power vs. Time MeasurementPurpose Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7C What are Baseband I/Q Inputs? What are Baseband I/Q Signals? Why Make Measurements at Baseband? Making Measurements with Baseband I/Q Inputs Baseband I/Q Measurement Overview Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7CMaking Measurements Chapter Selecting Input Probes for Baseband Measurements Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7CChapter Table Agilent Probes - Balanced and Unbalanced Selecting Baseband I/Q Input Connectors Selecting Baseband I/Q Inputs •IF Align - Select to view the IF alignment signal. This signal is available as a diagnostic function, to check the operation of the alignment signal in the case of alignment failure. Once selected, a menu accessing the IF alignment signal parameters is available at the bottom of the Input menu. Either CW, comb, or pulse signals may be selected. Because the alignment signal is input at the IF frequency, it is displayed on any active Spectrum Freq Domain window, regardless of center frequency I/Q Range Settings by Displayed Unit of Measure Setting Up Baseband I/Q InputsTable Table I and Q Offset Increment vs. I/Q RangeI and Q I/Q Range Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7CChapter Selecting Baseband I/Q Input Impedance Baseband I/Q Measurement Views Spectrum Views and 0 Hz Center Frequency Waveform Views for Baseband I/Q Inputs Comparing RF and Baseband I/Q Measurement Views TableRF vs. Baseband I/Q Input Measurement Views, by Measurement Baseband I/Q Measurement Result Examples Channel Power Measurement Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7C Spectrum Frequency Domain MeasurementMaking Measurements Chapter Figure 4-19Basic Mode Spectrum Linear View- Baseband I/Q Inputs Waveform Time Domain Measurement Baseband I/Q Key Access Locations Baseband I/Q Key Access LocationsTable Baseband I/Q Key Access Locations Using Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7CTable Making Measurements BbIQ Programming Commands CALCulate SubsystemBaseband I/Q - Spectrum I/Q Marker Query Baseband I/Q - Waveform I/Q Marker Query Baseband I/Q - IQ Offset Calibration DISPlay Subsystem Spectrum - Y-AxisScale/DivSets the amplitude reference level for the y-axis Spectrum - Y-AxisReference Level INPut Subsystem Baseband I/Q - Select Input ImpedanceBaseband I/Q - Select Input Impedance Reference Baseband I/Q - Activate IQ Alignment MEASure Subsystem Baseband I/Q - Select I/Q Power Range SENSe Subsystem Select the Input SignalBaseband I/Q - Select I/Q Voltage Range 5 If You Have a Problem Instrument Messages and Functional Tests document Problem Symptoms and Solutions Key or Feature Does Not Appear in Menu LAN External Loopback Test Failed - Error Message Instrument Fails Alignment - Error MessageIf You Have a Problem Problem Symptoms and Solutions LAN Communication Problem Instrument Power-OnProblemInstrument Keyboard is Locked Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Support, Services, and AssistanceChapter Table 5-1Contacting Agilent Returning Your Instrument to Agilent TechnologiesAsia Call Center Numbers Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities Option BAH: GSM Measurement PersonalityOption BAC: cdmaOne Measurement Personality Option BAE: NADC/PDC Measurement Personalities Option BAF W-CDMAMeasurement Personality Option HN1: iDEN Measurement PersonalityOption B78: cdma2000 Measurement Personality Option B7C: Baseband IQ Measurement Personality Option 202: EDGE with GSM Measurement Personality Option 300: 321.4 MHz IF Output Option 0B1: Additional Copy of Manuals Option 0BV: Component-levelService Documentation Option 0BW: Assembly-levelService DocumentationOption 1CM Rack Mount Kit Option 1CN Handles Kit Accessories Broadband Preamplifiers and Power AmplifiersAC Probe GPIB Cable N2714A Calibration and Adjustment Software RS-232CablesModel Number Description Index IndexNumerics Index Index Index Indexoff, 140 select, 140 shape, 140 trace, state IndexIndex Index Index