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Chapter44 Configuring IP Multicast Routi ng Multicast Routing and Switch Stacks
Sparse-mode PIM uses the RPF lookup function to decide where it needs to send joins and prunes:
•(S,G) joins (which are source-tree states) are sent toward the source.
•(*,G) joins (which are shared-tree states) are sent toward the RP.
DVMRP and dense-mode PIM use only source trees and use RPF as previously described.

Understanding DVMRP

DVMRP is implemented in the equipment of many vendors and is based on the public-domain mrouted
program. This protocol has been deployed in the MBONE and in other intradomain multicast network s.
Cisco routers and multilayer switches run PIM and can forward multicast packets to and receive from a
DVMRP neighbor. It is also possible to propagate DVMRP routes into and through a PIM cloud. The
software propagates DVMRP routes and builds a separate database for these routes on each router and
multilayer switch, but PIM uses this routing information to make the packet-forwarding decision. The
software does not implement the complete DVMRP. However, it supports dynamic discovery of DVMRP
routers and can interoperate with them over traditional media (such as Ethernet and FDDI) or over
DVMRP-specific tunnels.
DVMRP neighbors build a route table by periodically exchanging source network routing information
in route-report messages. The routing information stored in the DVMRP routing table is separate from
the unicast routing table and is used to build a source distribution tree and to perform multicast forward
using RPF.
DVMRP is a dense-mode protocol and builds a parent-child database using a constrained multicast
model to build a forwarding tree rooted at the source of the multicast packets. Multicast packets are
initially flooded down this source tree. If redundant paths are on the source tree, packets ar e not
forwarded along those paths. Forwarding occurs until prune messages are received on those parent-child
links, which further constrain the broadcast of multicast packets.

Understanding CGMP

This software release provides CGMP-server support on your switch; no c li ent- side fu nct iona lity is
provided. The switch serves as a CGMP server for devices that do not support IGMP snooping but have
CGMP-client functionality.
CGMP is a protocol used on Cisco routers and multilayer switches connected to Layer 2 Catalyst
switches to perform tasks similar to those performed by IGMP. CGMP permits Layer 2 group
membership information to be communicated from the CGMP server to the switch. The switch can then
can learn on which interfaces multicast members reside instead of flooding multicast traffic to all switch
interfaces. (IGMP snooping is another method to constrain the flooding of multica st p ackets. For more
information, see Chapter 23, “Configuring IGMP Snooping and M VR.” )
CGMP is necessary because the Layer 2 switch cannot distinguish between IP multicast data packets and
IGMP report messages, which are both at the MAC-level and are addressed to t he sa me gro up addr ess.
Multicast Routing and Switch Stacks
For all multicast routing protocols, the entire stack appears as a single router to th e netwo rk and operate s
as a single multicast router.