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Texas Instruments MSC1210 manual Consider the example

Models: MSC1210

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Page 63

Direct Jumps

Consider the example:

LJMP NEW_ADDRESS

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NEW_ADDRESS: ....

The LJMP instruction in this example means “Long Jump.” When the MSC1210 executes this instruction, the PC is loaded with the address of NEW_ADDRESS and program execution continues sequentially from there.

The obvious difference between the Direct Jump and Call instructions and conditional branching is that with Direct Jumps and Calls, program flow always changes; with conditional branching, program flow only changes if a certain condition is true.

It is worth mentioning that, aside from LJMP, there are two other instructions that cause a direct jump to occur: the SJMP and AJMP commands. Functionally, these two commands perform the exact same function as the LJMP command—that is to say, they always cause program flow to continue at the address indicated by the command. However, these instructions differ from LJMP in that they are not capable of jumping to any address. They both have limitations as to the range of the jumps.

The SJMP command, like the conditional branching instructions, can only jump to an address within −128/+127 bytes of the address following the SJMP command.

The AJMP command can only jump to an address that is in the same 2k block of memory as the byte following the AJMP command. That is to say, if the AJMP command is at code memory location 650H, it can only do a jump to ad- dresses 0000H through 07FFH (0 through 2047, decimal).

You may ask “why use the SJMP or AJMP commands, which have restrictions as to how far they can jump, if they do the same thing as the LJMP command that can jump anywhere in memory?” The answer is simple: the LJMP com- mand requires three bytes of code memory, whereas both the SJMP and AJMP commands require only two. When developing applications that have memory restrictions, quite a bit of memory can be saved using the 2-byte AJMP/SJMP instructions instead of the 3-byte instruction.

Note:

Some assemblers will do the above conversion automatically. That is, they will automatically change LJMPs to SJMPs whenever possible. This is a nifty and very powerful capability that may be a necessity in an assembler, if planning to develop many projects that have relatively tight memory restrictions.

Program Flow	6-3

Image 63

Texas Instruments MSC1210 manual Consider the example

Contents

User’s Guide Important Notice Introduction to the MSC1210 MSC1210 Memory OrganizationBasic Registers Addressing Modes System TimingSerial Communication Analog-to-Digital Converter Pulse Width Modulator/Tone Generator Additional MSC1210 Hardware Serial Peripheral Interface SPI Additional Resource Instruction-Set Quick-Reference Guide Additional Features in the MSC1210 Compared toClock Timing Diagram Boot ROM Routines SPI/PWM/Flash Write Timing System Timing Interrupt Control 16−1 Pin Descriptions of the MSC1210 14−2 Chapter MSC1210 Description −1. MSC1210 Block Diagram MSC1210 Pin-Out −2. Pin Configuration of the MSC1210 Pin # Name Description −1. Pin Descriptions of the MSC1210 Pin # Name Description −1 Pin Descriptions of the MSC1210 AD7 1 I/O Ports P0, P1, P2, and P3 Port Port Oscillator Inputs XTAL1 and XTAL2 Reset Line RST Address Latch Enable ALEProgram Store Enable Psen External Access EA −3. MSC1210 Timing Compared to Standard 8051 Timing Enhanced 8051 Core Family Device Compatibility Flash MemoryHigh Performance Analog Functions High-Performance Peripherals Description Program Memory Data Memory Internal RAM Program Memory Description MSC1210Y2 MSC1210Y3 MSC1210Y4 MSC1210Y5 −1. Program and Data Memory Size Data Memory −2. Program and Data Memory AddressesOn-Chip Extended Static RAM Sram External Data Memory On-Chip Flash Data Memory −2. MSC1210 Memory Map Register Bank Internal RAM Register Banks Stack Bit Memory Or execute Special Function Register SFR Memory Defines the MSC1210 SFRs SCON0 −1. SFR Names and Addresses Referencing Bits of SFRs Referencing SFRs SFR Types Bit−Addressable SFRs SFR Definitions SFR Definitions SFR Definitions SFR Definitions Can be generated automatically by the MSC1210 P0DDRL/P0DDRH Port 0 Data Direction Low/High Byte, Addresses GCL/GCM/GCH Gain Low/Middle/High Byte, Addresses D4H/D5H/D6H SFR Definitions SFR Definitions SFR Definitions Describes the basic register functions of the MSC1210 ADC Registers Accumulator Program Counter PC Register Stack Pointer SP Data Pointer DPTR0/DPTR1 Describes the various addressing modes of the MSC1210 Mode Example Immediate Addressing−1. MSC1210 Addressing Modes Direct Addressing Indirect Addressing Movx A,@DPTR Movx @DPTR,A External Direct Addressing Code Indirect Adressing External Indirect Addressing Describes the program flow of the MSC1210 ADC Direct Jumps Conditional Branching Consider the example Direct Calls Returns From RoutinesInterrupts Description System Timers Startup Timing −1. Standard 8051 Timing System Timing System Timers −2. MSC1210 Timing Chain and Clock Control Milliseconds Timer Microseconds Timer −4. System Timing Interrupt Control One Hundred Millisecond Clock Normal-Mode Power-On Reset Timing Flash Programming Mode Power-On Reset TimingStartup Timing Psen Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit Describes the timers of the MSC1210 ADC How Does a Timer Count? Using Timers to Measure TimeHow Long Does a Timer Take to Count? RD or WR Strobe Width Width ∝sMovx Duration SYS CLKs At 12MHz Timer SFRs −1. Timer Conrol SFRsSFR Name Description SFR Address Bit Addressable? Mode Tmod SFR TxM1 TxM0 Timer Description of Timer Mode −2. Timer Modes and Usage −3. Example of 8-Bit Auto-Reload InstructionCycle Bit Name Bit Address Explanation of Function Timer Tcon SFR−4. Tcon 88 H SFR Reading the Timer Initializing a Timer Detecting Timer Overflow Timing the Length of Events Using Timers as Event Counters 1 T2CON SFR Using Timer Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode Timer 2 in Capture Mode Timer 2 as a Baud Rate Generator Describes serial communication using the MSC1210 ADC Description Function Length Period Setting the Serial Port Mode Mode −1. SM0 and SM1 Function Definitions High four bits bits 4 through 7 are configuration bits Serial Mode 0 Synchronous Half-Duplex Serial Mode 1 Asynchronous Full-Duplex −2. Serial Port Mode 0 Receive Timing-High Speed Operation −3. Serial Port Mode 1 Transmit Timing BaudRate + 12 @ 256 * TH1 −2. Common Baud Rates Using TimerBaudRate + 32 @ Timer1Overflow BaudRate + Timer2Overflow Baud Rate RCAP2HRCAP2L @ 11.0592MHz f OSC −3. Common Baud Rates Using TimerSerial Mode 2 Asynchronous Full-Duplex Rcap 2H Rcap 2L + BaudRate + 2SMOD @ fOSC −6. Serial Port 0 Mode 2 Receive Timing −7. Serial Port 0 Mode 3 Transmit Timing Serial Mode 3 Asynchronous Full-Duplex Setting the Serial Port Mode Baud Rate Setting the Serial Port Baud Rate−4. Mode 0 Commonly Used Baud Rates TH1 = 256 − Crystal / 192 / Baud Desired Baud −5. Baud Rate Settings for Timer −6. Baud Rate Settings for Timer Writing to the Serial PortBaud Rate 33MHz clk 25MHz clk 11.0592MHz clk Kb/s Reading the Serial Port Describes the interrupts of the MSC1210 ADC JNB TF0,SKIPTOGGLE Interrupt/Event Addr Priority Flag Enable Priority Control Events That Can Trigger Interrupts−1.Interrupt Sources 10-4 −4.EIE E8 H SFR Enabling Interrupts−2.IE A8 H SFR −3.EICON D8 H SFR Polling Sequence Interrupt Priorities −5.IP B8 H SFR−6.EIP F8 H SFR Exiting Interrupts Interrupt Triggering Types of Interrupts Serial InterruptsExternal Interrupts Bit Name Explanation of Function −7.EXIF 91 H SFR Timer Interrupts Watchdog InterruptAuxiliary Interrupts −8.Clearing Auxiliary Interrupts −9.AIE A6 H SFRAux Interrupt Type Method to Clear Interrupt −10. Aistat A7 H SFR −11. PAI A5 H SFRBit Name Explanation of Function Clear Interrupt PAIx Bits Explanation of Interrupt/Event −12. PPI Bits of PAI SFR −13. EWU C6 H SFR Waking Up from Idle Mode Push PSW Register Protection Push R0 Error − Invalid instruction Common Problems with Interrupts Description 11-2 Tone Generator 11-3PWM Generator 11-5 −1. Block Diagram ToneFrequency +1 Tone Generator Tone Generator Waveforms −3. Timing Diagram of Tone Generator in Staircase Mode Condition Duty Cycle PWM Generator−1. PWM Polarity Conditions Duty Cycle = PWM Period +1 − PWM Duty/PWM Period +1 −5. Timing Diagram of a PWM Waveform This can be expressed in code as −3. Statement Explanations −2. Configuring the PWM for Tone GenerationStmt ‘C’ Source Code Assembly Source Code Example of PWM Tone Generation Example of PWM Tone Generation Idling −4. Configuring the PWM for Tone Generation with PWM Idling −5. Statement ExplanationsExplanation −6. PWM Timing Example of Updating PWM 11-12 12-10 PGA DAC −1. MSC1210 Architecture Input Multiplexer −2. Input Multiplexer Configuration Negative Input Positive Input Temperature Sensor 12-6 MSB Burnout Current Sources ACLKFrequency Input BufferAnalog Input @ 10 Programmable Gain Amplifier PGA −1.PGA Settings Modulator Offset DAC −2.Calibration Mode Control Bits Calibration ModeCalibration −4. Filter Step Responses Digital Filter −5. Filter Frequency Responses Samples to Discard Filter Multiplexing Channels−3.Filter Settling −4.Output Data Rate and Channel Rate −5.Output Data Rate and Channel Rate 10x faster Voltage Reference Source Summation/Shifter Register Shift Summation Count Summation Count ADC Summation Mode Manual Summation Mode ADC Summation with Shift Divide Mode Manual Shift Divide Mode Interrupt-Driven ADC Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter 12-21 Syncronizing Multiple MSC1210 Devices Analog-to-Digital Converter 12-23 ADC Result + R REF @ I OUT Ratiometric MeasurementsADC Result + V REF PT100 Differential Vref 12-26 Description 13-2 Clock Phase and Polarity Controls 13-4SPI Signals 13-5 SPI System Errors 13-6 Functional Description −1. SPI block diagram −2. SPI Clock/Data Timing Clock Phase and Polarity Controls Serial Clock SPI SignalsMaster In Slave Out Master Out Slave SPI System Errors Data Transfers −3. SPI Reset State 13-8 −4. SPI Fifo Operation Fifo Operation Code Examples SPI Master Transfer in Fifo Mode using Interrupts 13-12 Watchdog Timer 14-4 Description 14-2Low-Voltage Detect 14-2 Low-Voltage Detect −1. Brownout Reset and Low-Voltage Detection −3.Band Gap Parameters Power Supply−2.Comparator Specification −1.Typical Sub-Circuit Current Consumption Watchdog Timer Hardware Configuration Watchdog Timer Enabling Watchdog Timer Watchdog Timer Resetting the Watchdog Timer Watchdog Timeout/Activation Disabling Watchdog Timer Breakpoint Generator 15-7 Hardware Configuration 15-2Power Optimization 15-9 Advanced Flash Memory 15-6 Hardware Configuration Registers Hardware Configuration DFSEL2/1/0 Amount of Flash Data Memory Hardware Configuration Register 0 HCR0 Hardware Configuration Register 1 HCR1 Accessing Configuration Memory in a User Program Hardware Configuration Memory Updating Interrupts with Reset Sector Lock Advanced Flash MemoryWrite Protecting Flash Program Memory Breakpoint Generator Configuring Breakpoints Disabling a Breakpoint Breakpoint Auxiliary Interrupt Power Optimization Flash Memory as Data Memory Advanced Topics 15-11 Advanced Topics and Other Information Describes the 8052 Assembly Language Syntax Label and instruction Expressions Number Bases Order Operator Operator PrecedenceCharacters and Character Strings −1.Order of Precedence for Mathematical Operators Ljmp LABEL3 Changing Program Flow LJMP, SJMP, Ajmp Subroutines LCALL, ACALL, RET MOV DestinationRegister,SourceValue Register Assignment MOV MOV R2,R1 Invalid MOV @R0,A Incrementing and Decrementing Registers INC, DEC Program Loops Djnz Setting, Clearing, and Moving Bits SETB, CLR, CPL, MOV 16-14 Bit-Based Decisions and Branching JB, JBC, JNB, JC, JNC Lcall Debouncekey Value Comparison Cjne Checkless JC Aisless Less Than and Greater Than Comparison Cjne Performing Additions ADD, Addc Zero and Non-Zero Decisions JZ/JNZ Performing Additions ADD, Addc Performing Subtractions Subb Performing Multiplication MUL Performing Division DIV −1. Rotate Operations Shifting Bits RR, RRC, RL, RLC −4.Results of XRL Bit-Wise Logical Instructions ANL, ORL, XRL−2.Results of ANL −3.Results of ORL Assembly Language 16-25 Swapping Accumulator Nibbles Swap Exchanging Register Values XCH Adjusting Accumulator for BCD Addition DA Using the Stack PUSH/POP Assembly Language 16-29 Setting the Data Pointer Dptr MOV Dptr Reading and Writing External RAM/Data Memory Movx Lcall SUB Reading Code Memory/Tables Movc SUB INC a Using Jump Tables JMP @A+DPTR Describes the Keil simulator and its functions 17-2 Keil Simulator 17-3 −1. Timer/Counter 0 − Mode Timers −2. Timer/Counter Timer 0 & 1 Example −4. Timer/Counter 1 Mode Keil Simulator 17-7 17-8 Keil Simulator 17-9 17-10 Timer −1.Timer/Counter 2 Control BitsRegister Bit Toggle Box Name −7. Status of Watchdog Peripheral Watchdog Reset Facility Example 17-14 Keil Simulator 17-15 Clock Control System Timer Analog-to-Digital Converter −8. Analog−to−Digital Converter Peripheral −9. Error Message −10. Accumulator/Shifter Peripheral Summation/Shifter 17.8.1 ADC/Summation/Shifter Example 17-22 Keil Simulator 17-23 17-24 Keil Simulator 17-25 17-26 Keil Simulator 17-27 −11. summation/Shifter Peripheral Keil Simulator 17-29 −13. List Box for the Interrupt Peripheral Ports −14. Parallel Port 0 Contents Display Window −16. SPI Peripheral Window Serial Peripheral Interface SPI Keil Simulator 17-33 SPI Sample Code Keil Simulator 17-35 Serial Peripheral Interface SPI Keil Simulator 17-37 17.12 ∝Vision 2 Debug Program Example −17. Keil Debugger Serial Port I/O −18. Serial Channel 0 Communication Peripheral 17-42 Transmit Block Baud Rate Computation BaudRate + fOSCBaudRate + fOSC @ Receive Block Baud Rate Computation −19. Clock Control Peripheral Additional Resource Topic Appendix a Additional Features in the MSC1210 Compared to Appendix B Figure B−1. MSC1210 Timing Chain and Clock Control MSC1210 Timing Chain and Clock Control Diagram Appendix C Address Routine Declarations Description Table C−1. Boot ROM Routines Boot ROM Routines Page Appendix D JB bitAddr,relAddr Ajmp pg1Addr 8052 Instruction-Set Quick-Reference Guide Description Instruction Set Appendix E Description Acall codeAddress 8052 Instruction SetAcall Absolute Call within 2k Block ADD, Addc Add Value, Add Value with CarryADD A,operand Ajmp Absolute Jump within 2k BlockAjmp codeAddress ANL BitwiseANL operand1,operand2 Cjne operand1,operand2,reladdr Compare and Jump if Not EqualCLR Clear Register CPL operand Decimal Adjust AccumulatorCPL Complement Register See also INC, Subb Decrementing the value causes it to reset to 255 0xFFHCarry flag is not set when the value rolls over from 0 to DEC register Djnz register,relAddr Decrement and Jump if Not Zero INC Increment ReisterINC register Jump if Carry Set Jump if Bit SetJBC Jump if Bit Set and Clear Bit JMP JNBJNC JNZ LcallLjmp MOV operand1, operand2 Not affected See also MOVC, MOVX, XCH, XCHD, PUSH, POPMOV bit1,bit2 MOV Move into/out of Internal RAMMOV operand1,operand2 MOV Dptr MovcMovx No Operation MULMultiply Accumulator by B NOP ORL Bitwise orSyntax ORL operand1,operand2 Push Value onto Stack POPPop Value from Stack Push Return from Interrupt RETReturn from Subroutine Reti RLC RRCSetb Subtract from Accumulator with Borrow SjmpShort Jump Subb Swap XCHXchd Bitwise Exclusive or XRL Instructions OpCode Bytes Cycles Flags ??? 0xA5 Undefined Appendix F Bit Addressable SFRs alphabetical Enable Interrupt Control EiconExtended Interrupt Enable EIE EX2-External 2 Interrupt Enable Extended Interrupt Priority EIP Interrupt Enable IE Port 0 P0 Interrupt Priority IP Port 2 P2 Port 1 P1 Port 3 P3 Register Bank Register Bank Addresses Program Status Word PSW Serial Control Scon Serial Mode Description Baud Tcon Timer Control Tcon T2CON Timer 2 Control T2CON Appendix G SFR Name Description SFR Address Hex SFR/Address Cross-Reference SFRs/Address Cross-Reference Guide alphabetical Spircon