Manuals
/
Brands
/
Computer Equipment
/
Network Router
/
Agilent Technologies
/
Computer Equipment
/
Network Router
Agilent Technologies
manual
Models:
20ES
20ET
22ES
22ET 8719ES
MODEL 8719ET
1
1
478
478
Download
478 pages, 8.9 Mb
User’s Guide
Agilent Technologies
8719ET/20ET/22ET
8719ES/20ES/22ES
Network Analyzers
Part Number: 08720-90392
Printed in USA
June 2002
Supersedes: February 2001
© Copyright 1999–2002
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Contents
Main
Users Guide
Notice
Certification
Regulatory Information
Warranty
Assistance
Safety Notes
How to Use This Guide
Documentation Map
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Making a Basic Measurement
Step 1. Connect the device under test and any required test equipment.
Step 2. Choose the measurement parameters.
Step 3. Perform and apply the appropriate error-correction.
Step 4. Measure the device under test.
Step 5. Output the measurement results.
Measuring Magnitude and Insertion Phase Response
Measuring the Magnitude Response
Measuring Insertion Phase Response
Page
Using Display Functions
Titling the Active Channel Display
Viewing Both Primary Measurement Channels
Page
Viewing Four Measurement Channels
Page
Page
Customizing the Four-Channel Display
Page
Using Memory Traces and Memory Math Functions
Page
Blanking the Display
Adjusting the Colors of the Display
Page
Using Markers
To Use Continuous and Discrete Markers
To Activate Display Markers
To Move Marker Information Off the Grids
Page
To Use Delta () Markers
To Activate a Fixed Marker
Page
To Couple and Uncouple Display Markers
To Use Polar Format Markers
To Use Smith Chart Markers
To Set Measurement Parameters Using Markers
Page
Page
Page
Setting the CW Frequency
To Search for a Specific Amplitude
Page
Page
To Calculate the Statistics of the Measurement Data
Measuring Electrical Length and Phase Distortion
Measuring Electrical Length
Page
Measuring Phase Distortion
Page
Page
Page
Characterizing a Duplexer (ES Analyzers Only)
Definitions
Procedure
Page
Page
Measuring Amplifiers
Measuring Gain Compression
Page
Page
Page
Measuring Gain and Reverse Isolation Simultaneously
Page
Making High Power Measurements with Option 085
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Making High Power Measurements with Option 012
Page
Using the Swept List Mode to Test a Device
Connect the Device Under Test
Observe the Characteristics of the Filter
Choose the Measurement Parameters
Page
Calibrate and Measure
Page
Using Limit Lines to Test a Device
Setting Up the Measurement Parameters
Creating Flat Limit Lines
Page
Creating a Sloping Limit Line
Page
Creating Single Point Limits
Editing Limit Segments
Running a Limit Test
Offsetting Limit Lines
Page
Using Ripple Limits to Test a Device
Setting Up the List of Ripple Limits to Test
Page
Page
Editing Ripple Test Limits
Page
Running the Ripple Test
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Using Bandwidth Limits to Test a Bandpass Filter
Setting Up Bandwidth Limits
Page
Running a Bandwidth Test
Page
Page
Page
Using Test Sequencing
How to Use Test Sequencing
Creating a Sequence
Page
Running a Sequence
Stopping a Sequence
Editing a Sequence
Page
Clearing a Sequence from Memory
Changing the Sequence Title
Naming Files Generated by a Sequence
Storing a Sequence on a Disk
Loading a Sequence from Disk
Purging a Sequence from Disk
Printing a Sequence
In-Depth Sequencing Information
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
1-111
Making Measurements Using Test Sequencing
Table1-5 Test Set Interconnect Pin Designation
Page
Page
Using Test Sequencing to Test a Device
Cascading Multiple Example Sequences
Loop Counter Example Sequence
Generating Files in a Loop Counter Example Sequence
Page
Limit Test Example Sequence
Page
Page
Page
Page
Mixer Measurement Capabilities
Measurement Considerations
Minimizing Source and Load Mismatches
Reducing the Effect of Spurious Responses
Eliminating Unwanted Mixing and Leakage Signals
How RF and IF Are Defined
Page
Frequency Offset Mode Operation
LO Frequency Accuracy and Stability
Differences Between Internal and External R Channel Inputs
Page
Power Meter Calibration
Conversion Loss Using the Frequency Offset Mode
Setting Measurement Parameters for the Power Meter Calibration
Performing a Power Meter (Source) Calibration Over the RF Range
Page
Setting the Analyzer to Make an R Channel Measurement
Page
Page
High Dynamic Range Swept RF/IF Conversion Loss
Set Measurement Parameters for the IF Range
Perform a Power Meter Calibration Over the IF Range
Page
Perform a Receiver Calibration Over the IF Range
Set the Analyzer to the RF Frequency Range
Perform a Power Meter Calibration Over the RF Range
Perform the High Dynamic Range Measurement
Page
Page
Fixed IF Mixer Measurements
Tuned Receiver Mode
Sequence 1 Setup
Page
Page
Page
Page
Sequence 2 Setup
Page
Page
Phase or Group Delay Measurements
Phase Measurements
Phase Linearity and Group Delay
Page
Page
Page
Amplitude and Phase Tracking
Conversion Comp ression Using th e Frequency Offs et Mode
Page
Page
Page
Page
Isolation Example Measurements
LO to RF Isolation
Page
RF Feedthrough
Page
Page
SWR / Return Loss
Page
Page
Introduction to Time Domain Measurements
Page
Making Transmission Response Measurements
Page
Page
Page
Making Reflection Response Measurements
Velocity Factor 1
--------=
Page
Time Domain Bandpass Mode
Adjusting the Relative Velocity Factor
Reflection Measurements Using Bandpass Mode
Page
Transmission Measurements Using Bandpass Mode
Time Domain Low Pass Mode
Setting the Frequency Range for Time Domain Low Pass
Reflection Measurements in Time Domain Low Pass
Page
Fault Location Measurements Using Low Pass
Transmission Measurements in Time Domain Low Pass
Page
Page
Transforming CW Time Measurements into the Frequency Domain
Forward Transform Measurements
Page
Page
Page
Masking
Windowing
Page
Page
Range
Page
Resolution
Response Resolution
Page
Range Resolution
Gating
Setting the Gate
Selecting Gate Shape
Page
Page
Printing or Plotting Your Measurement Results
Configuring a Print Function
Page
Defining a Print Function
If You Are Using a Color Printer
To Reset the Printing Parameters to Default Values
1. Press . Table 4-1 Default Values for Printing Paramet ers
Printing One Measurement Per Page
Printing Multiple Measurements Per Page
Configuring a Plot Function
If You Are Plotting to an HPGL/2 Compatible Printer
Page
If You Are Plotting to a Pen Plotter
If You Are Plotting Measurement Results to a Disk Drive
Page
Defining a Plot Function
Choosing Display Elements
Selecting Auto-Feed
Selecting Pen Numbers and Colors
Selecting Line Types
Choosing Scale
Choosing Plot Speed
To Reset the Plotting Parameters to Default Values
Plotting One Measurement Per Page Using a Pen Plotter
Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page Using a Pen Plotter
If You Are Plotting to an HPGL Compatible Printer
To View Plot Files on a PC
Using Ami Pro
Using Freelance
Converting HPGL Files for Use with Other PC Applications
Outputting Plot Files from a PC to a Plotter
Outputting Plot Files from a PC to an HPGL Compatible Printer
Step 1. Store the HPGL initialization sequence.
Outputting Single Page Plots Using a Printer
Outputting Multiple Plots to a Single Page Using a Printer
Plotting Multiple Measurements Per Page from Disk
To Plot Multiple Measurements on a Full Page
To Plot Measurements in Page Quadrants
Page
Titling the Displayed Measurement
Configuring the Analyzer to Produce a Time Stamp
Aborting a Print or Plot Process
Printing or Plotting the List Values or Operating Param eter s
If You Want a Single Page of Values
If You Want the Entire List of Values
Solving Problems with Printing or Plotting
Saving and Recalling Instrument States
Places Where You Can Save
What You Can Save to the Analyzers Internal Memory
What You Can Save to a Floppy Disk
What You Can Save to a Computer
Saving an Instrument State
Saving Measurement Results
Page
ASCII Data Formats
Page
Page
Saving in Textual (CSV) Form
Page
Saving in Graphical (JPEG) Form
Instrument State Files
Page
Saving Time Gated Frequency Data
Differences between Raw, Data, and Format Arrays
Page
Re-Saving an Instrument State
Deleting a File
To Delete an Instrument State File
To Delete all Files
Renaming a File
Recalling a File
Formatting a Disk
Solving Problems with Saving or Recalling Files
If You Are Using an External Disk Drive
Page
Page
Page
Taking Care of Microwave Connectors
Increasing Measurement Accuracy
Interconnecting Cables
Improper Calibration Techniques
Sweeping Too Fast for Electrically Long Devices
Connector Repeatability
Temperature Drift
Frequency Drift
Performance Verification
Reference Plane and Port Extensions
You can activate a port extension by pressing . Then enter the delay to the reference plane.
Table5-2 Differences between PORT EXTENSIONS and ELECTRICAL DELAY
Maintaining Test Port Output Power During Sweep Retrace
Making Accurate Measurements of Electrically Long Devices
The Cause of Measurement Problems
To Improve Measurement Results
Page
Increasing Sweep Speed
To Use Swept List Mode
To Decrease the Frequency Span
To Set the Auto Sweep Time Mode
To Widen the System Bandwidth
To Reduce the Averaging Factor
To Reduce the Number of Measurement Points
To Set the Sweep Type
To View a Single Measurement Channel
To Activate Chop Sweep Mode
To Use External Calibration
To Use Fast 2-Port Calibration (ES Analyzers Only)
Page
Increasing Dynamic Range
Increase the Test Port Input Power
Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor
Reduce the Receiver Crosstalk
Reducing Noise
To Activate Averaging
To Change System Bandwidth
To Use Direct Sampler Access Configurations (Option 012 Only)
Reducing Receiver Crosstalk
Reducing Recall Time
Page
How to Use This Chapter
Introduction
Calibration Considera tio ns
Measurement Parameters
Device Measurements
Clarifying Type-N Connector Sex
Omitting Isolation Calibration
Saving Calibration Data
Restarting a Calibration
The Calibration Standards
Frequency Response of Calibration Standards
Page
6-8
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Considerations
CORRECTION on OFF
Figure 6-1 Typical Responses of Calibration Standards after Calibration
Interpolated Error Correction
7mmor Type-N Male Short(No Offset)
7mmor Type-N Male Open(No Offset) with Fringing Capacitance
Type-NFemale, 3.5mmMale or Female Offset Short
Type-NFemale 3.5mm Male or Female Offset Open
Error-Correction Stimulus State
Procedures for Error Correcting Your Measurements
Types of Error Correction
NOTE Response calibration is not as accurate as other calibration methods.
Table6-2 Purpose and Use of Different Error Correction Procedures
Frequency Response Error Corrections
Response Error Correction for Reflection Measurements
Page
Response Error Correction for Transmission Measurements
Receiver Calibration
Page
Frequency Response and Isolation Error Corrections
Response and Isolation Error Correction for Transmission Measurements
Page
Response and Isolation Error Correction for Reflection Measurements
Page
Page
Enhanced Frequency Response Error Correction
Page
Page
Enhanced Reflection Calibration
One-Port Reflection Error Correction
Page
Page
Full Two-Port Error Correction (ES Analyzer s Only)
Page
Page
Page
Power Meter Measurement Calibration
Loss of Power Meter Calibration Data
Interpolation in Power Meter Calibration
Entering the Power Sensor Calibration Data
Compensating for Directional Coupler Response
Using Sample-and-Sweep Correction Mode
Page
Using Continuous Correction Mode
Page
Calibrating for Noninsert able Devices
Adapter Removal Calibration (ES Analyzers Only)
Perform the 2-Port Error Corrections
Page
Page
Verify the Results
Matched Adapters
Modify the Cal Kit Thru Definition
Minimizing Error When Using Adapters
Making Non-Coaxial Measurements
Fixtures
Page
Calibrating for Non-Coaxial Devices (ES Analyzers Only)
TRL Error Correction
Page
Page
Page
LRM Error Correction
Create a User-Defined LRM Calibration Kit
Page
Page
Page
Calibrating Using Electronic Calibration (ECal)
Set Up the Measurement
Connect the ECal Equipment
Select the ECal Options
Page
Perform the Calibration
Page
Display the Module Information
Perform the Confidence Check
Page
Investigating the Calibration Results Using the ECal Service Menu
Page
Adapter Removal Using ECal (ES Analyzers Only)
Page
Perform the 2-Port Error Corrections
Page
Determine the Electrical Delay
Remove the Adapter
Verify the Results
Page
Page
Where to Find More Information
System Operation
The Built-In Synthesized Source
The Built-In Test Set
The Receiver Block
The Microprocessor
Required Peripheral Equipment
Processing
Processing Details
Page
Page
Output Power
Understanding the Power Ranges
Power Coupling Options
Sweep Time
Manual Sweep Time Mode
Auto Sweep Time Mode
Minimum Sweep Time
Page
Source Attenuator Switch Protection
Allowing Repetitive Switching of the Attenuator
Channel Stimulus Coupling
Sweep Types
Linear Frequency Sweep (Hz)
Logarithmic Frequency Sweep (Hz)
Stepped List Frequency Sweep (Hz)
Page
Swept List Frequency Sweep (Hz)
Page
Power Sweep (dBm)
CW Time Sweep (Seconds)
Selecting Sweep Modes
S-Parameters
Understanding S-Parameters
Figure 7-3 S-Parameters of a Two-Port Device
The S-Parameter Menu
Page
Analyzer Display Formats
Log Magnitude Format
Phase Format
Group Delay Format
Smith Chart Format
Polar Format
Linear Magnitude Format
SWR Format
Real Format
Imaginary Format
Group Delay Principles
Page
Page
Page
Electrical Delay
Length meters() Freq MHz()1.20083
--------=
()
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------=
Noise Reduction Techniques
Averaging
Smoothing
IF Bandwidth Reduction
Page
Measurement Calibration
What Is Accuracy Enhancement?
What Causes Measurement Errors?
Page
Page
Characterizing Microwave Systematic Errors
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
How Effective Is Accuracy Enhancement?
Page
Page
Calibration Routin es
Response Calibration
Response and Isolation Calibration
Enhanced Response Calibration
S11 and S22 One-Port Calibration
Full Two-Port Calibration (ES Models Only)
TRL*/LRM* Two-Port Calibration
E-CAL
Modifying Calibration Kits
Definitions
Procedure
Modify Calibration Kit Menu
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Verify Performance
Saving Modified Calibration Kits to a Disk
Modifying and Saving a Calibration Kit from the Calibration Kit Selection Menu
TRL*/LRM* Calibration (ES Models Only)
Why Use TRL Calibration?
TRL Terminology
How TRL*/LRM* Calibration Works
Page
Page
Improving Raw Source Match and Load Match for TRL*/LRM* Calibration
How True TRL/LRM Works (Option 400 Only)
The TRL Calibration Procedure
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
GPIB Operation
Key
GPIB STATUS Indicators
System Controller Mode
Talker/Listener Mode
Pass Control Mode
Address Menu
Using the Parallel Port
Page
Limit Line Operation
Edit Limits Menu
Edit Segment Menu
Offset Limits Menu
Knowing the Instrument Modes
Network Analyzer Mode
Tuned Receiver Mode
Frequency Offset Operation (Option 089)
Page
Page
General Information
8-3
Safety and Regulatory Information General Information
Table 8-1 Contacting Agilent
Asia Call Center Numbers
Safety Symbols
Instrument Markings
Safety Considerations
Safety Earth Ground
Before Applying Power
Servicing
General
User’s GuideUser’s Guide