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Chapter 9 Writing Machine Language Instructions and Directive Statements

180 Writing Directive Statements

Contents

Main Page Page About This Manual Manual Features Reference Techniques How to read Related Manuals Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 Getting Started Chapter 2 Program Development Flow Chapter 3 Introduction to Operation Chapter 4 Optimization Chapter 7 Types of Source Statements Chapter 8 Writing Source Statements Chapter 9 Writing Machine Language Instruction Statements and Directive Statements Chapter 10 Writing Assembler Control Statements Chapter 11 Writing Macro Control Statements Chapter 12 List of Machine Language Instructions Chapter 13 Error Messages Chapter 14 Readinig List Files Chapter 15 Using Library Manager Chapter 16 Notes on Operating Environment Page Page Page 1.2 Operating Environment 1.3 File Organization Page 1.5 Setup Setting command path Start-up files Start-up file format Page Page 1.6 File Conversion Utility General command format Options Rules of output file name Example of specifying options Page Page 2.2 Program Development Flow Main development flow Assembler and compiler Source code debugger 2.3 Programming with Assembler Required knowledge MAKE Program format Programming style Optimization Conditional assembly Macros Debugging Page Page 3.1 Purpose of This Chapter 3.2 Files Used by Assembler and Linker Figure 3-1 shows the inter-relationships of the files used by the assembler and linker. Page 3.3 Basic Operation of Assembler and Linker Create source files Assemble Link Generate final list files The contents of the final list file program1.lst are as follows. Page 3.4 Assembling and Linking Multiple Sections Create source files Assemble and generate list files Page Page Link Parameter file during linking Generate final list files Page program locations after linking 3.5 Conditional Assembly and Linking Create source file Assemble and link Select false condition, assemble, and link Specify assembly conditions in the command Page Page Page 4.1 Purpose of This Chapter Page 4.3 Usage Example Optimization Instructions Page Page Optimization processing Optimization processing of conditional branch instructions Optimization of function calls Optimization of branches Optimization of data transfer, arithmetic, logical, bit manipulation and user-defined instructions Page Example: branch destination of conditional branch instruction within range Example: branch destination of conditional branch instruction out of range Example: unconditional branch instruction converted to relative branch Example: subroutine call converted to a relative branch Page Page 5.2 Starting Assembler Specifying options Summary of options Page 5.3.1 Output File Options Page Page Page Page Page 5.3.2 Error Message Options Page Page Page Page Page 5.3.3 Preprocessor Options Page 5.3.4 Program Generation Options Page 5.3.5 Other Options 5.4 Operation Examples Program assembly Generation of final list file with resolved program addresses Page 6.1 Purpose of This Chapter 6.2 Starting Linker Specifying options Page Summary of Options 6.3 Command Options 6.3.1 Output File Options Page 6.3.2 Error Message Options Page Page Page Page Page 6.3.3 Program Generation Options Section layout rules Page Page Page Page 6.3.4 Library File Options Page 6.3.5 Other Options Operational example Page Page 6.4.1 Structure of IRAM Support Executable File Structural Elements of an IRAM Support Executable Chapter 6 Using Linker Instruction RAM Support 109 External memory Program 1 Program 2 Executable file created by linker File layout and transfer operations for an instruction RAM executable file 6.4.2 IRAM Support Options Page Page 6.4.3 Operation Examples Assigning to different addresses in instruction RAM Assignment to the same address in instruction RAM Specifying an address for the instruction RAM program management table Page Page 7.1 Purpose of This Chapter 7.2 Program Format Page 7.3 Machine Language Instruction Statements and Directive Statements Machine language instruction statements Directive statements 7.4 Assembler Control Statements 7.5 Macro Control Statements 7.6 Comment Statements Page Page Page Page 8.2 Permitted Characters 8.3 Numbers Radices and allowed digits Extended C language format Intel format Matsushita format 8.4 Character Constants Character constants String constants 8.5 Address Constants 8.6 Location Counter 8.7 Expressions 8.7.1 Operators Arithmetic operators Shift operators Logical operators 8.7.2 Expression Evaluation 8.7.3 Expression Syntax * 8.7.4 Expression Attributes Operation result attributes For ~, +, (unary) operators For + (addition) operator For - (subtraction) operator For *, /, %, <<, >>, &, ^ , | operators 8.8 Reserved Words Page 9.1 Purpose of This Chapter 9.2 Instruction Statement Fields 9.2.1 Writing Label Field Coding examples 9.2.2 Writing Operation Field 9.2.3 Writing Operand Field 9.2.4 Writing Comment Field 9.3 Writing Machine Language Instruction Statements Coding examples 9.4 Writing Directive Statements List of directives 9.4.1 section Section linking rules Directive coding rules 9.4.2 align Page 9.4.3 end 9.4.4 listoff, liston 9.4.5 notation Page 9.4.6 org 9.4.7 opt 9.4.8 page 9.4.9 radix 9.4.10 dc 9.4.11 ds Page 9.4.12 dw 9.4.13 dd 9.4.14 equ Page 9.4.15 global Page 9.4.16 tit 9.4.17 xlistoff, xliston 9.4.18 funcinfo Directive Specification Rules Page 9.4.19 assign Usage examples Page Page 10.1 Purpose of This Chapter Common coding rules Page 10.2.1 #include Page Page 10.3.1 #define 10.3.2 #undef 10.4 Conditional Assembly Page 10.4.1 #ifdef, #ifndef Page 10.4.2 #if, #ifn Page 10.4.3 #ifeq, #ifneq Page Page 10.4.4 #iflt, #ifle Page 10.4.5 #ifgt, #ifge Page 10.4.6 #ifb, #ifnb Page Page Page 11.1 Purpose of This Chapter Common coding rules 11.2 Macro Definitions (macro, endm) Page 11.3 Macro Calls and Expansion Page 11.4 Macro Operators Page 11.5 Local Symbol Declaration (local) An example using the local directive is shown below. 11.6 Forced Termination of Macro Expansion (exitm) The list file is shown below. The second macro call has been expanded after #endif. 11.7 Purging Macro Definitions (purge) 11.8 rept Page 11.9 irp Page 11.10 irpc Page Page Page Page 12.2 Addressing Modes Register indirect addressing 228 Addressing Modes Register relative indirect addressing 2. An address register, An, or the stack pointer register, SP, plus a 32-bit displacement. + Addressing Modes 229 + Absolute addressing Absolute addressing specifies the address to be accessed as a 16-bit or 32-bit displacement. 230 Addressing Modes Index addressing + 12.3 List of Machine Language Instructions 12.3.1 Data Move Instructions MOVE source to destination Page Page Page Page 12.3.2 Arithmetic Instructions ADD SUBTRACT with BORROW ADD with CARRY SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE COMPARE source with destination INC 12.3.3 Logical Instructions ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHT ROTATE LEFT ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT ROTATE RIGHT 12.3.4 Bit Manipulation Instructions Bit operations Page 12.3.5 Branching Instructions CALL Subroutine Unconditional BRANCH Conditional BRANCH Conditional BRANCH for LOOP 12.3.6 User-Defined Instructions User Defined FUNCTION Page Page 13.1 Purpose of This Chapter Page 13.2.1 Warning Messages Page 13.2.2 Error Messages Page Page 13.2.3 Fatal Error Messages Page 13.3.1 Warning Messages 13.3.2 Error Messages Page 13.3.3 Fatal Error Messages Page Page Page Page Page 14.2.1 Output Format of Machine Language Code Location (Loc) Machine language code (Object) Machine language code supplemental information Line number (Line) Supplemental information Source statement (Source) 14.2.2 Symbol Table Symbol Value Supplemental Information Symbol Type Symbol Name Page 15.1 Purpose of This Chapter 15.2 Starting Library Manager 15.3 Command Options 15.3.1 Error Message Options Page Page Page Page Page 15.3.2 Program Generation Options Page 15.3.3 Functional Options Page Page Page Page Page 15.3.4 Other Options Page 15.4 Error Messages How to read 15.4.1 Warning Messages 15.4.2 Error Messages Page 15.4.3 Fatal Error Messages Page Page Page Page 16.2.2 Files Page 16.2.4 Environment Settings CONFIG.SIS AUTOEXEC BAT Start-up files 16.2.5 Differences From Workstation Versions Command line differences 16.2.6 Error Correction Using Tag Jumps Generate error file Tag jumps Fix errors Return to error file Page 17.1 Numeric Restrictions Page 17.2.1 List of Assembler Command Options Assembler command general format Output file options Error message options Preprocessor options Program generation options Page 17.2.2 List of Linker Command Options Linker command general format Error message options Output file options Program generation options Library file options Instruction RAM options Page 17.3 List of Assembler Directives Directives for program control Directives for symbols Directives for data area allocation Directives for list control Other directives 17.4 List of Assembler Control Statements Page Index Symbols A B C J L M N O Page Page Page SALES OFFICES NORTH AMERICA LATIN AMERICA EUROPE ASIA

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