Do the serial ports support synchronous protocols?

No.

Will the server need a null-modem cable to connect to the console port?

No. Because the Sun Fire V100 server requires the use of console port, Sun has designed the server not to need a null-modem cable. All you need to connect a Sun Fire V100 server to a termserver is a standard Category 5 cable.

Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 111

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Sun Microsystems Sun Fire V100 manual Troubleshooting