To Calculate Total Measurement Error

Chapter 8 Specifications

Each specification includes correction factors which account for errors present due to operational limitations of the multimeter. This section explains these errors and shows how to apply them to your measurements. Refer to “Interpreting Multimeter Specifications,” starting on page 226, to get a better understanding of the terminology used and to help you interpret the multimeter’s specifications.

The multimeter’s accuracy specifications are expressed in the form:

( % of reading + % of range ). In addition to the reading error and range error, you may need to add additional errors for certain operating conditions. Check the list below to make sure you include all measurement errors for a given function. Also, make sure you apply the conditions as described in the footnotes on the specification pages.

•If you are operating the multimeter outside the 23°C ± 5°C temperature range specified, apply an additional temperature coefficient error.

•For dc voltage, dc current, and resistance measurements, you may need to apply an additional reading speed error or autozero OFF error.

•For ac voltage and ac current measurements, you may need to apply an additional low frequency error or crest factor error.

Understanding the “ % of reading ” Error The reading error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select, as well as the input signal level. The reading error varies according to the input level on the selected range. This error is expressed in percent of reading. The following table shows the reading error applied to the multimeter’s 24-hour dc voltage specification.

Range	Input Level	Reading Error		Reading
Range	Input Level	(% of reading)	Error Voltage

10 Vdc	10 Vdc	0.0015	≤	150 ∝V
10 Vdc	1 Vdc	0.0015	≤	15 ∝V
10 Vdc	0.1 Vdc	0.0015	≤	1.5 ∝V

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34401A specifications

Agilent Technologies 34401A is a highly reputable digital multimeter (DMM), renowned for its accuracy, versatility, and performance in a wide range of measurement applications. First introduced in the early 1990s, the 34401A has become a staple in laboratories, manufacturing environments, and educational institutions due to its robust build and comprehensive features.

One of the standout characteristics of the 34401A is its impressive accuracy, boasting a basic DC voltage accuracy of 0.0035%, making it ideal for precise measurements in electronic testing. The multimeter offers a wide range of measurement capabilities, including voltage (DC and AC), current (DC and AC), resistance, frequency, and continuity test, making it a highly versatile tool for engineers and technicians.

The 34401A utilizes a 6½-digit resolution, enabling the user to measure small changes in electrical signals with remarkable precision. With a sampling rate of up to 1000 readings per second, it can handle dynamic test requirements, providing timely results without sacrificing measurement integrity.

In terms of connectivity, the Agilent 34401A includes a GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) for remote operation, allowing users to automate their testing processes and integrate the multimeter easily into larger measurement systems. This feature is particularly beneficial in automated test environments, where speed and accuracy are paramount.

Additionally, the DMM incorporates advanced measurement functions, such as statistical analysis, including mean, standard deviation, and minimum/maximum readings, which provide users with valuable insights into their data. The instrument's user-friendly interface, complete with a clear digital display and intuitive controls, enhances usability and ensures that users can easily navigate its various functions.

Robust software support further extends the capabilities of the Agilent 34401A. It is compatible with a range of software tools for data logging and analysis, enabling users to efficiently document and analyze their measurements over time.

In summary, Agilent Technologies 34401A stands out in the realm of digital multimeters due to its high accuracy, extensive measurement functionalities, and user-friendly features. Whether for research and development, quality control, or educational purposes, the 34401A remains a preferred choice for professionals demanding reliable and precise measurement solutions. Its enduring legacy in the industry speaks to its performance and reliability, making it an essential tool for anyone involved in electronic testing and measurement.

Agilent Technologies 34401A To Calculate Total Measurement Error, Range Input Level Reading Error

Models: 34401A