C H A P T E R 2

Container Views

View Border

Every container view is framed by a border. (A border is not visible if its view fills the screen.) Primarily, a view’s border serves to demarcate what’s in the view and what’s not. Secondarily, certain borders identify special types of container views.

In general, Newton views are rectangular and have rounded corners. Use square-cornered borders only when you have a specific need for a particular look.

A view’s border is not visible if the view completely covers the screen. For example, a MessagePad 120 user does not see the border of a view that measures 240 ⋅ 320 pixels. The view has a border, but it is off-screen.

Matte Border

The most common type of view border, called a matte border, consists of a thick gray band edged on the outside by a thin black line. Users expect views with matte borders to be movable (see “Moving a View” on page 2-33). Figure 2-4 shows the matte border.

Figure 2-4A matte border indicates a movable view

Rounded corners

On an Apple MessagePad a standard matte border is five pixels thick with a corner roundness of five pixels and an inset of one pixel.

2-6

How Views Look

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Image 50
Apple 2 manual View Border, Matte Border

2 specifications

The Apple II is a defining product in the history of personal computing, first introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer, Inc. Designed by Steve Wozniak, the Apple II was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products and played a significant role in bringing personal computers into homes and schools.

One of the Apple II's standout features was its color graphics capability. It was one of the first personal computers to provide color output, thanks to its built-in video interface. The initial model supported a resolution of 280x192 pixels with a palette of 6 colors, which allowed for vibrant visuals that set it apart from contemporaries like the monochrome Altair 8800.

The Apple II was notable for its open architecture. This design allowed users to expand the computer's capabilities easily through a series of expansion slots. Users could add floppy disk drives, additional memory, and various peripheral devices, making the system highly adaptable to individual needs. This encouraged a thriving ecosystem of third-party hardware and software, which contributed to its popularity.

Another significant feature was its use of the 6502 microprocessor. This 8-bit CPU was not only affordable but also powerful for its time, allowing the Apple II to run various applications efficiently. Along with a built-in keyboard and an innovative plastic case that housed its components, the design was user-friendly and appealing.

The Apple II also introduced the concept of “bootable software” through the use of floppy disks. The disk operating system (DOS) allowed users to store and run multiple programs without having to reload software manually, providing a level of convenience that had not been widely available before. Key software like VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet program, helped boost sales, showcasing the Apple II's utility in business and education environments.

The computer was also well-known for its early adoption of BASIC programming language. Apple provided an operating system that supported Applesoft BASIC, which enabled users, including students, to write their programs, further fostering a community of developers.

In summary, the Apple II's color graphics, open architecture, powerful 6502 processor, innovative use of floppy disks, and support for BASIC programming made it a revolutionary product in its time. Its legacy laid the groundwork for future personal computers and established Apple as a leader in the burgeoning tech industry. The Apple II remains an iconic symbol of the early personal computing era, reflecting a generation's transition into a digitally connected world.