Chapter 6 Configuring and Debugging Fax Services

Debugging the Cisco ATA 186/188 Fax Services

Originating-Gateway Example

When the Cisco ATA is used as an originating gateway for a fax session, make sure that the following conditions are true:

•The Cisco ATA receives and responds to CED-tone-event NSE packets.

•The NSE payload type is the same for the received and transmitted NSE packets.

•The encoder switchover to G.711 occurs during NSE-packet transaction.

An example debug log for an originating gateway scenario is shown below:

[0]Rx MPT

PT=100 NSE pkt c0000000

[0]Tx MPT

PT=100 NSE pkt c0000000

[0]codec:

4 => 0

[0]Rx

MPT

PT=100 NSE pkt c0000000

[0]Rx

MPT

PT=100 NSE pkt c0000000

Note If your gateway is using a legacy IOS software image, it may not send NSE packets but instead may rely on a straightforward codec switchover mechanism. In this case, a codec switchover event occurs rather than an NSE packet transaction.

Possible Reasons for Failure

If your Cisco ATA does not receive CED-tone-event NSE packets and codec switchover does not occur, the failure may be due to the following reasons:

•The terminating gateway is not configured with fax/modem pass-through.

•The fax pass-through mode used by the terminating gateway may not be compatible with the Cisco NSE method.

If the log shows proper NSE packet transaction and G.711 upspeed for your fax session but the session still fails, check that the following conditions are true:

•The Cisco ATA software image version is 2.14 or above.

•The Cisco ATA model number is ATA186-I1, ATA186-I2, ATA188-I1, or ATA188-I2.

•The fax relay option for the remote gateways has been disabled.

Debugging FAX Mode

When the Cisco ATA is configured with fax mode, only G.711 codecs are used. You must confirm that only 0 (for G.711µ-law) or 8 (for G.711A-law) appear in the Enable encoder and DPKT 1st debug lines. The following example of a debug log shows that G.711µ-law is used:

[0]Enable encoder 0

[0]DPKT 1st: 1491513359 1491512639, pt 0

If the numeric codes for the G.711 codecs do not appear in the log, you need to check your AudioMode parameter setting on the Cisco ATA.

If the correct G.711 codecs appear in the log but your fax sessions still fail, check that the following conditions are true:

•The Cisco ATA software image version is 2.14 or above.

•The Cisco ATA model number is ATA186-I1, ATA186-I2, ATA 188-I1, or ATA188-I2.

•The fax relay option for the remote gateways has been disabled.

Cisco ATA 186 and Cisco ATA 188 Analog Telephone Adaptor Administrator’s Guide (SCCP)

 

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Cisco Systems ATA 188, ATA 186 manual Debugging FAX Mode, Originating-Gateway Example, Possible Reasons for Failure
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ATA 188, ATA 186 specifications

The Cisco Systems ATA 186, or Analog Telephone Adapter, revolutionized the way traditional telephony interacted with Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems. Designed primarily for home and small office use, the ATA 186 allows users to connect standard analog phones and fax machines to a network, enabling them to take advantage of the benefits of VoIP technology.

One of the defining features of the ATA 186 is its dual port architecture. It includes two FXS ports, allowing users to connect up to two analog telephones. This functionality means that multiple devices can leverage VoIP services simultaneously without the need for separate adapters for each phone. The flexibility of the ATA 186 helps streamline the user experience, facilitating voice communication over an IP network while ensuring users can still use their existing phone equipment.

The ATA 186 employs various technologies to maintain high-quality voice calls. It supports standard voice codecs such as G.711 and G.729, which ensure efficient bandwidth usage while preserving call clarity. The adaptive jitter buffer technology further enhances call quality, compensating for network variations and minimizing latency, which is crucial for clear and uninterrupted conversations.

Additionally, the ATA 186 provides users with advanced calling features that were traditionally available only on PBX systems. These features include caller ID, call waiting, and voicemail functionality, integrating seamlessly with typical telephony services. The device also supports T.38 fax relay, allowing users to send and receive faxes over the internet, thus addressing the needs of environments where fax communication remains essential.

The security of VoIP conversations is also a priority for the ATA 186. It employs encryption protocols such as Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), ensuring that voice data is securely transmitted across the network. This focus on security helps protect sensitive information transmitted during calls.

Installation and configuration of the ATA 186 is streamlined, with an intuitive web-based interface that simplifies the setup process. This accessibility makes it suitable for users with varying levels of technical expertise, as frequently required adjustments, such as network configurations and firmware updates, can be easily managed.

In conclusion, the Cisco Systems ATA 186 stands out as a versatile and robust solution for users looking to integrate analog phones into a VoIP environment. With its dual port capabilities, high-quality voice codecs, advanced call features, and security measures, it offers a compelling choice for both residential and commercial users seeking seamless telephony integration. As technology evolves, devices like the ATA 186 remain cornerstones in bridging traditional telephony with modern communication systems.
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