IP Setup and Network Address Translation | Netopia R910 guide

IP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-69

Numerous factors inﬂuence the choice of served address. It is difﬁcult to specify the address that will be served to a particular client in all circumstances. However, when the address server has been conﬁgured, and the clients involved have no prior address serving interactions, the Netopia R910 will generally serve the ﬁrst unused address from the ﬁrst address pool with an available address. The Netopia R910 starts from the pool on the ﬁrst row and continues to the pool on the last row of this screen.

Once the address server and/or the clients have participated in address serving transactions, different rules apply:

■When requesting an address, a client will often suggest an address to be assigned, such as the one it was last served. The Netopia R910 will attempt to honor this request if the address is available. The client stores this address in non-volatile storage, for example, on disk, and the speciﬁc storage method/location differs depending on the client operating system.

■When requesting an address, a client may provide a client identiﬁer, or, if it does not, the Netopia R910 may construct a pseudo-client identiﬁer for the client. When the client subsequently requests an address, the Netopia R910 will attempt to serve the address previously associated with the client identiﬁer. This is normally the last address served to the client.

■Otherwise, the Netopia will select the least-recently used available address, starting from the ﬁrst address in the ﬁrst pool and ending with the last address in the last pool.

Note that the address serving pools on this screen are tied to the IP subnets conﬁgured on the IP Subnets screen. Changes to the IP Subnets screen may affect this one. In particular, deleting a subnet on the IP Subnets screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool, if any, on this screen.

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Netopia R910 manual IP Setup and Network Address Translation

Contents

Netopia R910 Ethernet Router for DSL and Cable Modems Part Number Contents Iv User’s Reference Guide Contents Snmp Contents Index Features and capabilities Chapter IntroductionOverview How to use this guide Deciding on an ISP account Chapter Setting Up Internet ServicesDSL and cable modems Obtaining information from the ISP Local LAN IP address information to obtain With Network Address TranslationWithout Network Address Translation Find a location Chapter Making the Physical Connections Identify the connectors and attach the cables What you needLine 1 port Your router on Netopia R910 Ethernet Router back panel ports 10 12 13 14 15 16 Netopia R910 Ethernet Router status lights Chapter Connecting to Your Local Area Network Network ModelBefore After Readying computers on your local network Connecting to Your Local Area Network Connecting to an Ethernet network Power port Console port10Base-T Netopia R910 in a 10Base-T network User’s Reference Guide Hardware and operating system requirements Chapter Configuring TCP/IP Dynamic conﬁguration recommended Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95 or Static conﬁguration optional Conﬁguring TCP/IP on a Macintosh Computer Static conﬁguration optional Dynamic conﬁguration using MacIP optional Conﬁguring TCP/IP User’s Reference Guide Chapter Console-Based Management Snmp Simple Network Management Protocol. See Snmp on Connecting through a Telnet session Conﬁguring Telnet software Connecting a console cable to your router Mac ANSI, VT-100, or VT-200 Navigating through the console screens Chapter Easy Setup Easy Setup console screensAccessing the Easy Setup console screens Screen similar to the following Main Menu appears Quick Easy Setup connection path If your ISP supports DhcpIf your ISP doesn’t support Dhcp Main Menu appears WAN Ethernet Conﬁguration More Easy Setup options Previous Screen Next Screen IP Easy Setup Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration User’s Reference Guide WAN conﬁguration Chapter WAN and System Configuration System conﬁguration screens Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens System conﬁguration features Filter sets ﬁrewalls IP setupIP address serving Date and time Console conﬁguration Upgrade feature setSnmp Simple Network Management Protocol Security Logging Installing the Syslog client Network Address Translation features Chapter IP Setup and Network Address Translation HOW NAT Works Using Network Address Translation To Main Menu Network Address Translation guideline Associating port numbers with nodes IP Setup Ethernet IP Address IP Setup and Network Address Translation Exports, Add Export, and Delete Export Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears Select Service. a pop-up menu of services and ports appears IP subnets IP Setup and Network Address Translation Static routes Viewing static routes Static Routes screen will appear Adding a static route Rules of static route installation Modifying a static routeDeleting a static route Main Menu System Configuration IP Address Serving Dhcp NetBios Options Serve Bootp Clients IP Address Pools IP Setup and Network Address Translation Dhcp NetBIOS Options NetBios Type User’s Reference Guide Chapter Virtual Private Networks VPN Transi t In t ern etwor k Summary Pptp configuration Configuration Add Connection ProfileAbout Pptp Tunnels Chap User’s Reference Guide Encryption Support IP Proﬁle Parameters screen appearsMS-CHAP V2 and strong encryption About IPsec Tunnels Configuration Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears IPsec Encryption & Authentication Options IP Profile Parameters Following section Advanced IP Profile Options VPN Default Answer Profile Interoperation with other features VPN QuickViewQuickView Virtual Private Networks VPN Dial-Up Networking for VPN Installing Dial-Up Networking Creating a new Dial-Up Networking profile Configuring a Dial-Up Networking profile Virtual Private Networks VPN Installing the VPN Client Windows 95 VPN installationWindows 98 VPN installation Connecting using Dial-Up Networking About Atmp Tunnels Atmp configuration Pptp Commitcancel User’s Reference Guide Local WAN IP Address 0.0 Remote IP Address Pptp example on Atmp example on Allowing VPNs through a Firewall Pptp example Change Input Filter EnabledYes ForwardYes Source IP Address Change Output Filter EnabledYes ForwardYes Source IP Address Atmp example Source Port ID Dest. Port Compare Change Output Filter EnabledYes ForwardYes Source IP Address Chapter PPP over Ethernet Setup EN WAN Module Add Connection PPP Ethernet LAN Reconfiguration Quick View Quick View status overview Chapter Monitoring Tools Status lights General status General Statistics Statistics & Logs Event histories Physical InterfaceNetwork Interface Device Event History WAN Event History Routing tables Scroll Down IP routing table Served IP Addresses System Information Snmp Snmp Setup screen Community strings Snmp traps Setting the IP trap receivers Viewing IP trap receiversModifying IP trap receivers Deleting IP trap receivers User’s Reference Guide Chapter Security Suggested security measuresUser accounts Protecting the conﬁguration screens Protecting the Security Options screen Telnet access About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set?How ﬁlter sets work Filter priority How individual ﬁlters work ﬁlter’s actionsﬁltering rule Port numbers Parts of a ﬁlter161 Aurp AppleTalk 387 Who 513 Putting the parts together Other ﬁlter attributes Transmission Control Protocol Internet Control Message ProtocolUser Datagram Protocol Filtering example #1 Filtering example #2 Design guidelines An approach to using ﬁlters Working with IP ﬁlters and ﬁlter setsDisadvantages of ﬁlters Adding a ﬁlter set Naming a new ﬁlter set Input and output ﬁlters-source and destination Netopia R910 RouterAdding ﬁlters to a ﬁlter set ADD this Filter NOW Cancel Viewing ﬁlters Viewing ﬁlter setsModifying ﬁlters Deleting ﬁlters Modifying ﬁlter sets Deleting a ﬁlter setSample IP ﬁlter set TCP Icmp UDP Possible modiﬁcations User’s Reference Guide Basic IP packet components Firewall tutorial General ﬁrewall termsBasic protocol types ACK Bit Yes Firewall design rules Example TCP/UDP PortsFirewall Logic Binary representation Logical and functionImplied rules Established connections Filter basicsExample IP ﬁlter set screen This is an example of the Netopia IP ﬁlter set screen Example ﬁlters Example networkExample Example Example User’s Reference Guide Radius Client Support Radius client configuration Radius Server Secret Continue Cancel Continue Chapter Utilities and Diagnostics Start Ping Ping Receive return Ping packet Stop Ping Trace Route Telnet client Factory defaults Disconnect Telnet console sessionTransferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with Tftp Updating ﬁrmware Press Return. You will see the following dialog box Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles Transferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with Xmodem Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles Idle Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia? Restarting the system Conﬁguration problems Appendix a Troubleshooting Network problems Console connection problems Power outages How to reset the router to factory defaults Technical support How to reach usBefore contacting Netopia Environment proﬁle Online product information Product information can be found in the followingOnline Technical Support User’s Reference Guide What is IP? Appendix B Understanding IP AddressingAbout IP addressing Subnets and subnet masks Subnet masks Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internet ISP Network Network conﬁguration Example Working with a Class C subnet Distributing IP addressesBackground 255.255.255.224 Technical note on subnet masking Conﬁguration Netopia R910 Dhcp server characteristics255.255.255.0 Dhcp address serving Manually distributing IP addresses Using address servingTips and rules for distributing IP addresses MacIP serving Understanding IP Addressing B-181 Dhcp example Nested IP subnets Internet 0.0 C.1 WAN 3719 Packet header types Broadcasts User’s Reference Guide Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior Network conﬁgurationBackground User’s Reference Guide Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-189 Router Netopia Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-191 Exported services Important notes Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-193 Summary Appendix D Binary Conversion Table Decimal Binary Appendix E Further Reading User’s Reference Guide Further Reading E-199 User’s Reference Guide Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety Information Declaration for Canadian users Regulatory notices Important safety instructions Telecommunication installation cautionsBattery User’s Reference Guide Deﬁned B-180 Index Index-206 Index-207 SmartIP Index-208 Index-209