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Netopia R910 manual Understanding IP Addressing B-181

Models: R910

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Understanding IP Addressing B-181

Understanding IP Addressing B-181

addresses.

■Note any planned and currently used static addresses before you use DHCP and MacIP.

■Avoid fragmenting your block of IP addresses. For example, try to use a continuous range for the static addresses you choose.

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Distributed to the Netopia R910 (Ethernet IP address)

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Block of IP host addresses

(derived from network IP address + mask issued by ISP)

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Manually distributed (static)

Pool of addresses distributed

by MacIP and DHCP

The ﬁgure above shows an example of a block of IP addresses being distributed correctly.

The example follows these rules:

■An IP address must not be used as a static address if it is also in a range of addresses being distributed by DHCP or MacIP.

■A single IP address range is used by all the address-served clients. These include DHCP, BootP, MacIP, and WAN clients, even though BootP and static MacIP clients might not be considered served.

■The address range speciﬁed for address-served clients cannot wrap around from the end of the total available range back to the beginning. See below for a further explanation and an example.

■The network address issued by an ISP cannot be used as a host address.

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Netopia R910 manual Understanding IP Addressing B-181

Contents

User’s Reference Guide Netopia R910 Ethernet Router for DSL and Cable ModemsPart Number CopyrightPrinted Copies Features and capabilities ContentsHow to use this guide Chapter 2 - Setting Up Internet ServicesChapter 7 - Easy Setup Connecting a console cable to your routerEasy Setup console screens Accessing the Easy Setup console screensVPN Default Answer Proﬁle DHCP NetBIOS OptionsInstalling Dial-Up Networking Installing the VPN ClientTelnet access The SNMP Setup screenChapter 12 - Monitoring Tools 12-109Factory defaults Chapter 14 - Utilities and DiagnosticsAppendix A - Troubleshooting Conﬁguration problemsExported services Using address servingAppendix F - Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Power requirements“Features and capabilities” on page “How to use this guide” on page Features and capabilitiesChapter Introduction Overview1-10 User’s Reference Guide How to use this guideSetting Up Internet Services Chapter Setting Up Internet ServicesDeciding on an ISP account DSL and cable modems2-12 User’s Reference Guide Local LAN IP address information to obtainWith Network Address Translation Without Network Address TranslationChapter Making the Physical Connections “Identify the connectors and attach the cables” on pageFind a location Making the Physical ConnectionsWhat you need Identify the connectors and attach the cables3-14 User’s Reference Guide your router” on page Netopia R910 Ethernet Router back panel portsMaking the Physical Connections 3-16 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R910 Ethernet Router status lights8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 Connecting to Your Local Area Network Chapter Connecting to Your Local Area Network“Connecting to an Ethernet network” on page Network Model4-18 User’s Reference Guide Readying computers on your local networkAfter Application software TCP/IP stack Ethernet/EtherTalk Driver Your PC Connecting to Your Local Area Network10Base-T Connecting to an Ethernet network4-20 User’s Reference Guide The Netopia R910 in a 10Base-T network Connecting to Your Local Area NetworkThe Netopia R910 in a 10Base-T network with a hub 4-22 User’s Reference Guide Hardware and operating system requirements Chapter Configuring TCP/IPConﬁguring TCP/IP “Hardware and operating system requirements” on page5-24 User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows 95 orDynamic conﬁguration recommended Conﬁguring TCP/IP Static conﬁguration optional5-26 User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguring TCP/IP on a Macintosh ComputerDynamic conﬁguration recommended Static conﬁguration optional Conﬁguring TCP/IP1. Go to the Apple menu. Select 5-28 User’s Reference Guide Dynamic conﬁguration using MacIP optionalConﬁguring TCP/IP 5-30 User’s Reference Guide “Connecting a console cable to your router” on page “Connecting through a Telnet session” on pageChapter Console-Based Management Console-Based ManagementUpgrade feature set. See “Upgrade feature set” on page Connecting through a Telnet session6-32 User’s Reference Guide Filter sets ﬁrewalls. See “About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets” on pageConﬁguring Telnet software Connecting a console cable to your routerConsole-Based Management 6-34 User’s Reference Guide Navigating through the console screensEasy Setup console screens Chapter Easy SetupAccessing the Easy Setup console screens Easy Setup7-36 User’s Reference Guide See Appendix A, “Troubleshooting,” for more suggestionsIf your ISP supports DHCP Quick Easy Setup connection pathIf your ISP doesn’t support DHCP Easy Setup7-38 User’s Reference Guide For more Easy Setup options see “More Easy Setup options” on pageWAN Ethernet Conﬁguration More Easy Setup optionsEasy Setup 7-40 User’s Reference Guide IP Easy SetupEasy Setup Easy Setup Security ConﬁgurationEasy Setup is now complete 7-42 User’s Reference Guide1. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice “System conﬁguration features” on page Chapter WAN and System ConfigurationWAN conﬁguration WAN and System Conﬁguration8-44 User’s Reference Guide System conﬁguration screensWAN and System Conﬁguration Navigating through the system conﬁguration screens8-46 User’s Reference Guide System conﬁguration featuresFilter sets ﬁrewalls IP setupIP address serving Date and timeConsole conﬁguration Upgrade feature setSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SecurityWAN and System Conﬁguration Logging8-50 User’s Reference Guide Installing the Syslog clientNetwork Address Translation features Chapter IP Setup and Network Address TranslationIP Setup and Network Address Translation “Network Address Translation features” on pageHOW NAT WORKS With NAT ISP 163.167.132.1 Without NAT 9-52 User’s Reference Guideor corporate intranet router 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.105Note See “Associating port numbers with nodes” on page Using Network Address TranslationIP Setup and Network Address Translation 9-54 User’s Reference Guide Network Address Translation guideline Associating port numbers with nodesIP Setup and Network Address Translation IP setup 9-56 User’s Reference GuideIP Setup and Network Address Translation Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears 9-58 User’s Reference GuideCANCEL Exports, Add Export, and Delete ExportSelect Service. A pop-up menu of services and ports appears IP Setup and Network Address Translation9-60 User’s Reference Guide IP subnetsFor example IP Setup and Network Address Translation9-62 User’s Reference Guide Static routespage IP Setup and Network Address Translation Viewing static routesAdding a static route 9-64 User’s Reference GuideModifying a static route Rules of static route installationDeleting a static route IP Setup and Network Address TranslationServe DHCP Clients Serve BootP Clients Serve Dynamic WAN Clients 9-66 User’s Reference GuideIP address serving Follow these steps to conﬁgure IP Address Serving IP Setup and Network Address Translation9-68 User’s Reference Guide IP Address PoolsNumerous factors inﬂuence the choice of served address. It is difﬁcult to specify the address that will be served to a particular client in all circumstances. However, when the address server has been conﬁgured, and the clients involved have no prior address serving interactions, the Netopia R910 will generally serve the ﬁrst unused address from the ﬁrst address pool with an available address. The Netopia R910 starts from the pool on the ﬁrst row and continues to the pool on the last row of this screen IP Setup and Network Address Translation9-70 User’s Reference Guide DHCP NetBIOS OptionsIP Setup and Network Address Translation Select Release BootP Leases and press Return 9-72 User’s Reference GuideYou have ﬁnished your IP setup “Installing the VPN Client” on page “About ATMP Tunnels” on page “VPN Default Answer Proﬁle” on page “VPN QuickView” on pageChapter Virtual Private Networks VPN Virtual Private Networks VPNTransi t In t ern etwor k 10-74 User’s Reference Guide“About ATMP Tunnels” on page “About PPTP Tunnels” on page “About IPsec Tunnels” on pageSummary Virtual Private Networks VPNAbout PPTP Tunnels PPTP configuration10-76 User’s Reference Guide Virtual Private Networks VPN Note Proﬁles using PPTP do not offer a Telco Options screen10-78 User’s Reference Guide MS-CHAP V2 and strong encryption Encryption SupportVirtual Private Networks VPN About IPsec Tunnels Configuration10-80 User’s Reference Guide The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears Virtual Private Networks VPN10-82 User’s Reference Guide Virtual Private Networks VPN IP Profile Parameters10-84 User’s Reference Guide Advanced IP Profile OptionsVirtual Private Networks VPN VPN Default Answer ProfileVPN QuickView Interoperation with other features10-86 User’s Reference Guide Proﬁle Name Lists the name of the Connection Proﬁle being used, if any Virtual Private Networks VPNDial-Up Networking for VPN Installing Dial-Up Networking10-88 User’s Reference Guide Virtual Private Networks VPN Creating a new Dial-Up Networking profile10-90 User’s Reference Guide Configuring a Dial-Up Networking profileVirtual Private Networks VPN 4. Click the TCP/IP Settings buttonWindows 95 VPN installation Installing the VPN ClientWindows 98 VPN installation 10-92 User’s Reference GuideVirtual Private Networks VPN Connecting using Dial-Up NetworkingAbout ATMP Tunnels ATMP configuration10-94 User’s Reference Guide Virtual Private Networks VPN Note Proﬁles using ATMP do not offer a Telco Options screen10-96 User’s Reference Guide Virtual Private Networks VPN 10-98 User’s Reference Guide Allowing VPNs through a Firewall“PPTP example” on page “ATMP example” on page Virtual Private Networks VPN PPTP exampleDisplay/Change Input Filter screen 10-100 User’s Reference Guide 0.0.0.0 Virtual Private Networks VPN0.0.0.0 0.0.0.010-102 User’s Reference Guide ATMP exampleVirtual Private Networks VPN 0.0.0.0 10-104 User’s Reference Guide0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0PPP over Ethernet Chapter PPP over Ethernet11-106 User’s Reference Guide Configuration PPP Ethernet LAN ReconfigurationThe Netopia R910 offers the ability for PPP to reconﬁgure the router’s Ethernet LAN when establishing an unnumbered, non-NAT connection PPP over Ethernet11-108 User’s Reference Guide Quick ViewQuick View status overview Chapter Monitoring ToolsMonitoring Tools “Quick View status overview” on page “Statistics & Logs” on pageStatus lights General status12-110 User’s Reference Guide General Statistics Statistics & LogsMonitoring Tools 12-112 User’s Reference Guide Event historiesPhysical Interface Network InterfaceDevice Event History WAN Event HistoryMonitoring Tools 12-114 User’s Reference Guide Routing tablesMonitoring Tools IP routing table12-116 User’s Reference Guide Served IP AddressesMonitoring Tools System InformationSNMP The SNMP Setup screen12-118 User’s Reference Guide Community strings SNMP trapsMonitoring Tools 12-120 User’s Reference Guide Setting the IP trap receiversViewing IP trap receivers Modifying IP trap receiversMonitoring Tools Deleting IP trap receivers12-122 User’s Reference Guide Chapter Security “Telnet access” on page “About ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets” on pageSuggested security measures User accountsProtecting the Security Options screen 13-124 User’s Reference GuideProtecting the conﬁguration screens Security Telnet accessWhat’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set? About ﬁlters and ﬁlter setsHow ﬁlter sets work 13-126 User’s Reference GuideSecurity Filter prioritypacket first filter match? send to next filter yes pass or discard? discard delete pass13-128 User’s Reference Guide How individual ﬁlters workA ﬁlter’s actions A ﬁltering rulePort numbers Parts of a ﬁlterPort number comparisons SecurityOther ﬁlter attributes 13-130 User’s Reference GuidePutting the parts together Security Filtering example #113-132 User’s Reference Guide Design guidelinesFiltering example #2 Working with IP ﬁlters and ﬁlter sets An approach to using ﬁltersDisadvantages of ﬁlters Security13-134 User’s Reference Guide Adding a ﬁlter setSecurity Naming a new ﬁlter setInput and output ﬁlters-source and destination 13-136 User’s Reference GuideAdding ﬁlters to a ﬁlter set Security 1. To make the ﬁlter active in the ﬁlter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Yes. If Enabled is toggled to No, the ﬁlter can still exist in the ﬁlter set, but it will have no effect13-138 User’s Reference Guide Viewing ﬁlter setsViewing ﬁlters Modifying ﬁltersDeleting a ﬁlter set Modifying ﬁlter setsA sample IP ﬁlter set Security13-140 User’s Reference Guide Security Possible modiﬁcations13-142 User’s Reference Guide Basic IP packet components Firewall tutorial General ﬁrewall termsBasic protocol types Security13-144 User’s Reference Guide Firewall design rulesExample TCP/UDP Ports Firewall LogicLogical AND function Binary representationImplied rules Security13-146 User’s Reference Guide Filter basicsEstablished connections Example IP ﬁlter set screenIncoming Packet Filter Example ﬁltersNetopia InternetExample 13-148 User’s Reference GuideExample Example SecurityExample 13-150 User’s Reference Guide RADIUS Client Support RADIUS client configurationSecurity RADIUS Server Authentication Port 13-152 User’s Reference GuideRADIUS then Local Local then RADIUSSecurity be unable to configure this device unless a Radius Server isAdvanced Security Options 13-154 User’s Reference Guide Utilities and Diagnostics Chapter Utilities and Diagnostics“Factory defaults” on page “Ping” on page “Trace Route” on page “Telnet client” on page14-156 User’s Reference Guide PingUtilities and Diagnostics 14-158 User’s Reference Guide Trace RouteUtilities and Diagnostics Telnet clientDisconnect Telnet console session Factory defaultsTransferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with TFTP 14-160 User’s Reference GuideUtilities and Diagnostics Updating ﬁrmwareGET WAN MODULE FIRMWARE FROM SERVER Config File Name GET CONFIG FROM SERVER SEND CONFIG TO SERVER14-162 User’s Reference Guide Downloading conﬁguration ﬁlesTransferring conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with XMODEM Uploading conﬁguration ﬁlesUtilities and Diagnostics Updating ﬁrmware 14-164 User’s Reference GuideDownloading conﬁguration ﬁles Utilities and DiagnosticsUploading conﬁguration ﬁles 14-166 User’s Reference Guide Restarting the systemConﬁguration problems Appendix A TroubleshootingTroubleshooting A-167 “Conﬁguration problems” on page A-167Network problems Console connection problemsProblems communicating with remote IP hosts Local routing problemsPower outages How to reset the router to factory defaultsReset Switch Slot Troubleshooting A-169Technical support How to reach usA-170 User’s Reference Guide Before contacting NetopiaOnline product information Troubleshooting A-171Online Technical Support A-172 User’s Reference Guide “What is IP?” on page B-173 “About IP addressing” on page B-173 What is IP?Appendix B Understanding IP Addressing About IP addressingB-174 User’s Reference Guide Subnets and subnet masksUnderstanding IP Addressing B-175 Example Using subnets on a Class C IP internetSubnet masks Network conﬁguration B-176 User’s Reference GuideCustomer Site A ISP NetworkDistributing IP addresses Example Working with a Class C subnetUnderstanding IP Addressing B-177 BackgroundB-178 User’s Reference Guide Technical note on subnet maskingConﬁguration Netopia R910 DHCP server characteristicsUnderstanding IP Addressing B-179 DHCP address servingManually distributing IP addresses Using address servingTips and rules for distributing IP addresses B-180 User’s Reference GuideUnderstanding IP Addressing B-181 B-182 User’s Reference Guide Nested IP subnetsA DHCP example Internet Understanding IP Addressing B-183B-184 User’s Reference Guide Packet header types BroadcastsUnderstanding IP Addressing B-185 B-186 User’s Reference Guide Network conﬁguration Appendix C Understanding Netopia NAT BehaviorBackground ISP NetworkC-188 User’s Reference Guide Workstation A Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-189Workstations C-190 User’s Reference GuideUnderstanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-191 Exported servicesC-192 User’s Reference Guide Important notesConﬁguration Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior C-193C-194 User’s Reference Guide SummaryBinary Conversion Table D-195 Appendix D Binary Conversion TableDecimal D-196 User’s Reference GuideBinary DecimalFurther Reading E-197 Appendix E Further ReadingE-198 User’s Reference Guide Further Reading E-199 E-200 User’s Reference Guide Power requirements Appendix F Technical Specifications and Safety InformationTechnical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information F-201 DescriptionF-202 User’s Reference Guide Regulatory noticesDeclaration for Canadian users Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information F-203 Important safety instructionsTelecommunication installation cautions BatteryF-204 User’s Reference Guide Numerics IndexIndex-205 Index-206 Index-207 Index-208 13-131Index-209