Casio FX-9860G manuals
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1 User’s Guide2 Quick-Start20 Getting Acquainted— Read This FirstAbout this User’s Guide u m EQUA EQUA u Function Keys and Menus uMenu Titles [OPTN] [MAT] 21 Getting AcquainteduGraphs Left hand page Right hand page 3. Draw the graph 36(DRAW)(or w) u Command List PRGM Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS]-[FACT]-[Xfct] u Page Contents u Supplementary Information *indicates a note about a term that appears in the same page as the note 22 Basic Operation23 1-1Keys24 the e • ACT or RUN • MATe • ACT or RUN • MAT 27 1-1-5KeyskKey Markings Function Key Operation log The following describes the color coding used for key markings Color Key Operation Orange Press ! and then the key to perform the marked function Red Press a and then the key to perform the marked function # Alpha Lock 28 1-2Display29 S • SHTUse this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each (Spreadsheet) to the calculator’s built-incommands and S • SHT mode in the STAT mode GRAPH Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw graphs using the functions DYNA (Dynamic Graph) versions of a graph by changing the values assigned to the variables in a function TABLE function change, and to draw graphs RECUR Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to generate a (Recursion) variables in a function change, and to draw graphs CONICS Use this mode to draw graphs of conic sections EQUA (Equation) unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations PRGM (Program) run programs TVM (Financial) cash flow and other types of graphs LINK Use this mode to transfer memory contents or back-updata to another unit or PC MEMORY Use this mode to manage data stored in memory SYSTEM Use this mode to initialize memory, adjust contrast, and to make other system settings 30 kAbout the Function Menu• Next Menu Selecting displays a menu of hyperbolic functions • Command Input Selecting inputs the sinh command • Direct Command Execution Selecting executes the DRAW command kAbout Display Screens Text Screen The contents of each type of screen are stored in independent memory areas Press !6(G↔T) to switch between the graph screen and text screen 31 kNormal DisplayuHow to interpret exponential format 32 kSpecial Display FormatskCalculation Execution Indicator 33 1-3Inputting and Editing Calculations34 ddd!D(INS)To abort this operation, press !D(INS) again uTo delete a step Example To change 369 ⋅ ⋅ 2 to 369 ⋅ Adgj**c In the insert mode, the D key operates as a backspace key 35 uTo insert a stepuTo change the last step you input 36 kUsing Replay MemoryExample 1 To perform the following two calculations 4.12⋅ 6.4 4.12⋅ 7.1 Ae.bc*g.ew dddd !D(INS) h.b a new calculation Abcd+efgw cde-fghw f (One calculation back) f (Two calculations back) 37 kMaking Corrections in the Original CalculationExample 14 ⎟ 0 ⋅ 2.3 entered by mistake for 14 ⎟ 10 ⋅ 2.3 Abe/a*c.d kUsing the Clipboard for Copy and Paste uTo specify the copy range Linear input mode 38 Math input modeuTo cut the text 39 uPasting Text!j(PASTE) kCatalog Function You can use either of the following two methods to input a command To do this: Perform this key operation: Display an alphabetized menu of all commands and select !e(CATALOG) the command you want Display commands by category, select a category, and then select the command (Models with \ key only.) uTo input a command with !e(CATALOG) 1.Press !e(CATALOG) •This will display a list of commands in alphabetical order Press the letter key 40 uTo input a command with41 uOnboard Function Manual42 kInput Operations in the Math Input Mode43 uMath Input Mode Functions and SymbolsFunction/Symbol Bytes Fraction (Improper) Mixed Fraction*1 Power Square Negative Power (Reciprocal) !)(x –1) !x(') Cube Root !((3') Power Root !M(x') !I(ex) !l(10x) log(a,b) (Input from MATH menu*2) Abs (Absolute Value) Linear Differential*3 Quadratic Differential*3 Integral*3 Σ Calculation*4 Matrix 14*5 Parentheses ( and ) Braces (Used during list input.) !*( { ) and !/( } ) Brackets (Used during matrix input.) !+( [ ) and !-( ] ) 44 uUsing the MATH Menulog uMath Input Mode Input Examples Example 1 To input 23 + 46 Example 4 To input 2 ⋅u When the calculation does not fit within the display window 47 uInserting a Function into an Existing Expressionu To insert a function into an existing expression To insert the ' function into the expression 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 so the parenthetical expression becomes the argument of the function 2.Press !D(INS) •This changes the cursor to an insert cursor (') 3.Press !x(') to insert the ' function This inserts the u Function Insert Rules 48 u Functions that Support InsertionOriginal Expression After uEditing Calculations in the Math Input Mode 49 Move the cursor from the end of the calculation to the beginningMove the cursor from the beginning of the calculation to the end uMath Input Mode Calculation Result Display Sample Calculation Result Displays 50 uMath Input Mode Input Restrictions51 1-4Option (OPTN) Menu53 1-5Variable Data (VARS) Menu54 u STAT — Recalling statistical dataminX maxX minY maxY MSe •{Q1}/{Q3} •{Med}/{Mod} •{Strt}/{Pitch} PTS 55 u GRPH — Recalling Graph Functions•{Xt}/{Yt} ... parametric graph function {Xt}/{Yt} • {X} ... {X=constant graph function} (Press these keys before inputting a value to specify a storage memory.) u DYNA — Recalling Dynamic Graph Set Up Data •{Strt}/{End}/{Pitch} uTABL — Recalling Table Set Up and Content Data ... {table range start value}/{table range end value}/{table value increment} •{Reslt*1} ... {matrix of table contents} 56 u RECR — Recalling Recursion Formula*1, Table Range, and Table Content Data• {FORM} ... {recursion formula data menu} • {an}/{an+1}/{an+2}/{bn}/{bn+1}/{bn+2}/{cn}/{cn+1}/{cn+2} ... {an}/{an+1}/{an+2}/{bn}/{bn+1}/{bn+2}/{cn}/{cn+1}/{cn+2} expressions • {RANG} ... {table range data menu} •{Strt}/{End} ... table range {start value}/{end value} •{a0}/{a1}/{a2}/{b0}/{b1}/{b2}/{c0}/{c1}/{c2} ... {a0}/{a1}/{a2}/{b0}/{b1}/{b2}/{c0}/{c1}/{c2} value •{anSt}/{bnSt}/{cnSt} • {Reslt*2} ... {matrix of table contents*3} u EQUA — Recalling Equation Coefficients and Solutions*4 *5 •{S-Rlt}/{S-Cof} •{P-Rlt}/{P-Cof} ... matrix of {solution}/{coefficients} for a quadratic or cubic equation uTVM — Recalling Financial Calculation Data • {n}/{I%}/{PV}/{PMT}/{FV} •{P/Y}/{C/Y} 57 1-6Program (PRGM) Menu58 1-7Syntax Help59 1-8Using the Setup Screen60 uFrac Result (fraction result display format)d/c ab/c uFunc Type (graph function type) •{Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c} •{Y>}/{Y<}/{Yt}/{Ys} uDraw Type (graph drawing method) •{Con}/{Plot} uDerivative (derivative value display) •{On}/{Off} uAngle (default angle unit) •{Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} uComplex Mode Real •{a + bi}/{r ∠ Ƨ} uCoord (graph pointer coordinate display) uGrid (graph gridline display) uAxes (graph axis display) 61 uLabel (graph axis label display)uSyntax Help (syntax help display setting) uDisplay (display format) •{Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} uStat Wind (statistical graph V-Windowsetting method) •{Auto}/{Man} ... {automatic}/{manual} uResid List (residual calculation) •{None}/{LIST} ... {no calculation}/{list specification for the calculated residual data} uList File (list file display settings) • {FILE} ... {settings of list file on the display} u Sub Name (list naming) uGraph Func (function display during graph drawing and trace) uDual Screen (dual screen mode status) •{G+G}/{GtoT}/{Off} uSimul Graph (simultaneous graphing mode) 62 uBackground (graph display background)•{None}/{PICT} u Sketch Line (overlaid line type) uDynamic Type (dynamic graph type) •{Cnt}/{Stop} uLocus (dynamic graph locus mode) uY=Draw Speed (dynamic graph draw speed) •{Norm}/{High} uVariable (table generation and graph draw settings) •{RANG}/{LIST} uΣ Display (Σ value display in recursion table) uPayment (payment period setting) •{BGN}/{END} 63 uDate Mode (number of days per year setting)•{365}/{360} ... interest calculations using {365}*1/{360} days per year uAuto Calc (spreadsheet auto calc) ... {execute}/{not execute} the formulas automatically uShow Cell (spreadsheet cell display mode) • {Form}/{Val} ... {formula}*2/{value} uMove (spreadsheet cell cursor direction)*3 • {Low}/{Right} ... {move down}/{move right} 64 1-9Using Screen Capture65 1-10When you keep having problems…67 Manual Calculations68 2-1Basic Calculations69 kNumber of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, NormalDisplay Range [SET UP] - [Display] - [Fix] / [Sci] / [Norm] Condition 100/6w 4 decimal places !m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times) 1(Fix)ewJw 5 significant digits 2(Sci)fwJw 1.6667E+01 Cancels specification 3(Norm)Jw 70 200 ⎟ 7 ⋅ 14200/7*14w 3 decimal places 1(Fix)dwJw Calculation continues using 200/7w display capacity of 10 digits Ans ⋅ 14w • If the same calculation is performed using the specified number of digits: The value stored internally is K6(g)4(NUM)4(Rnd)w rounded off to the number of decimal places specified on the Setup screen You can also specify the 6(RndFi)!-(Ans),2) RndFix(Ans,2) number of decimal places for rounding of internal values for a specific calculation.*1 (Example: To specify rounding to two decimal places) kCalculation Priority Sequence 1Type A functions Composite functions*2 fn, Yn, rn, Xtn, Ytn, Xn 71 2Type B functionsx 3Power/root ^(xy), x 4Fractions a b/c Abbreviated multiplication format in front of 2π, 5A, etc 6Type C functions 2'3, A log2, etc 8Permutation, combination nPr, nCr, ∠ 9⋅, ÷ 0+, – !Relational operators =, ≠, >, <, ≥, ≤ @And (logical operator), and (bitwise operator) #Or (logical operator), or, xor, xnor (bitwise operator) Example 2 + 3 ⋅ (log sin2π2 + 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad) 72 kMultiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign2π, 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc kOverflow and Errors 73 kMemory Capacity74 2-2Special Functions75 uTo display the contents of a variableTo display the contents of variable A uTo clear a variable To clear variable A uTo assign the same value to more than one variable uFunction Memory STO RCL SEE 76 uTo store a functionExample To store the function (A+B) (A–B)as function memory number (av(A)+al(B)) (av(A)-al(B)) K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 1(STO)bw JJJ uTo recall a function Example To recall the contents of function memory number 2(RCL)bw uTo recall a function as a variable daav(A)w baal(B)w K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)3(fn) b+cw uTo display a list of available functions 4(SEE) 77 uTo delete a functionExample To delete the contents of function memory number uTo use stored functions y = x3 + x2 + x + Xmin = – 4 Xmax = 4 Ymin = –10 Ymax = 10 78 kAnswer FunctionuTo use the contents of the answer memory in a calculation Example 123 + 456 = 579789 – 579 Abcd+efgw hij-!-(Ans)w (Ans) kPerforming Continuous Calculations Ab/dw (Continuing)*dw 79 kHistory Function*cw To change “1+2” to “1+3” and recalculate Perform the following operation following the sample shown above ffffdDdw 80 kStacksstacks numeric value stack command stack program subroutine stack Numeric Value Stack Command Stack 81 kUsing Multistatements• Colon (:) • Display Result Command (^) Abcdaav(A) !J(PRGM)6(g)5(:)g.j *av(A)!J(PRGM)5(^) av(A)/d.cw 82 2-3Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format83 uTo specify the number of significant digits (Sci)To specify three significant digits 2(Sci)dw uTo specify the normal display (Norm 1/Norm 2) Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x|, |x| >1010 Norm 2: 10–9(0.000000001)>|x|,|x| >1010 Ab/caaw (Norm 1) (Norm 2) uTo specify the engineering notation display (Eng mode) E (Exa) m (milli) ⋅ 10–3 P (Peta) μ (micro) n (nano) G (Giga) p (pico) M (Mega) f (femto) k (kilo) 84 2-4Function Calculations98 2-5Numerical Calculations99 kDifferential Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d/dx] K4(CALC)2(d/dx) f(x),a,tol) (a: point for which you want to determine the derivative, tol: tolerance) d/dx ( f (x), a) ⇒ dxd f (a) The differentiation for this type of calculation is defined as: f (a + Ax) – f (a) f '(a) = lim ––––––––––––– infinitesimal sufficiently small f (a + Ax) – f (a) f '(a) ––––––––––––– Using Differential Calculation in a Graph Function 100 To determine the derivative at point x = 3 for the functiony = x3 + 4x2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “tol” = 1E – Input the function f(x) AK4(CALC)2(d/dx)vMd+evx+v-g (CALC) Input point x = a for which you want to determine the derivative Input the tolerance value bE-f) A4(MATH)4(d/dx)vMde +evx+v-ged 101 uApplications of Differential Calculations––– f (a) = f '(a) ––– g (a) = g'(a) Therefore: f '(a) + g'(a), f '(a) ⋅ g'(a), etc functions 2 ⋅ f '(a), log ( f '(a)), etc •Functions can be used in any of the terms (f (x), a, tol) of a differential –––(sinx + cosx, sin0.5, 1E - 8), etc. dx 102 kQuadratic Differential Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d2/dx2] K4(CALC)3(d2/dx2) f(x),a,tol) (a: differential coefficient point, tol: tolerance) –––( f (x), a) ––– f(a) dx2 f ''(a) To determine the quadratic differential coefficient at the point where x = 3 for the function y = x3 + 4x2 + x – Here we will use a tolerance tol = 1E – AK4(CALC)3(d2/dx2) vMd+ evx+v-g Input 3 as point a, which is the differential coefficient point 103 A4(MATH)5(d2/dx2)vMde+evx+v-gedw uQuadratic Differential Applications • Arithmetic operations can be performed using two quadratic differentials ––– f (a) = f ''(a) ––– g (a) = g''(a) f ''(a) + g''(a), f ''(a) ⋅ g''(a), etc 2 ⋅ f ''(a), log ( f ''(a) ), etc Functions can be used within the terms ––– (sin x + cos x, sin 0.5, 1E - 8), etc. dx2 104 ∫( f(x), a, b, tol) ⇒ ∫ab f(x)dx105 4(MATH)6(g)1(∫dx)cvx+dv+eebffw uApplication of Integration Calculation • Integrals can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division f (x) dx + ∫c g (x) dx, etc 2 ⋅ ∫a f (x) dx, etc log (∫a f (x) dx), etc • Functions can be used in any of the terms (f(x), a, b, tol) of an integral (sin x + cos x) dx = (sin x + cos x, sin 0.5, cos 0.5, 1E - 4) 106 ∫ab f (x)dx = ∫ac f (x)dx + (–∫cb f (x)dx)∫ab f (x)dx = ∫ax1 f (x)dx + ∫xx1 2 f (x)dx +.....+ ∫xb4 f (x)dx 107 kΣ Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[Σ] K4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ( ) ak , k , α , β , n ) Σ (ak, k, α, β, n) = Σ ak =aα + aα +1 +........+ aβ (n: distance between partitions) To calculate the following: Σ(k 2 – 3k + 5)6 Use n = 1 as the distance between partitions AK4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ( )a,(K) x-da,(K)+f, a,(K),c,g,b)w A4(MATH)6(g)2(Σ( )a,(K) x-da,(K)+fe a,(K)ecfgw 108 Sn + Tn, Sn – Tn, etc109 kMaximum/Minimum Value CalculationsuMinimum Value uMaximum Value 110 AK4(CALC)6(g)2(FMax) -vx+cv+c111 2-6Complex Number Calculations112 kArithmetic OperationsExample 1 (1 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) Example 2 (2 + i) ⋅ (2 – i) kReciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares kComplex Number Format Using Polar Form Example 2∠30 ⋅ 3∠45 = 6∠75 113 kAbsolute Value and Argument[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Abs]/[Arg] To calculate absolute value (r) and argument (Ƨ) for the complex number 3 + 4i, with the angle unit set for degrees Imaginary axis Real axis AK3(CPLX)2(Abs) (d+e1(i))w (Calculation of absolute value) AK3(CPLX)3(Arg) (d+e1(i))w (Calculation of argument) kConjugate Complex Numbers[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Conj] [CPLX] [Conj] Example To calculate the conjugate complex number for the complex number 2 + AK3(CPLX)4(Conj) (c+e1(i))w 114 kExtraction of Real and Imaginary Parts[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[ReP]/[lmP] To extract the real and imaginary parts of the complex number 2 + AK3(CPLX)6(g)1(ReP) (c+f6(g)1(i))w (Real part extraction) AK3(CPLX)6(g)2(ImP) (Imaginary part extraction) 115 kPolar and Rectangular Form Transformation[OPTN]-[CPLX]-['r∠Ƨ]/['a+bi] 116 2-7Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers117 uTo perform a binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal calculation[SET UP]-[Mode]-[Dec]/[Hex]/[Bin]/[Oct] d~o LOG 118 kSelecting a Number SystemuTo specify a number system for an input value uTo input values of mixed number systems Example To input 12310 or 10102, when the default number system is hexadecimal Example 1 To calculate 101112 + 119 !m(SET UP)c2(Dec)JA1(d~o)4(o)bcd 2(h)ABC*1w J3(DISP)2('Hex)w kNegative Values and Bitwise Operations Press 2(LOG) to display a menu of negation and bitwise operators •{Neg} ... {negation}*2 •{Not}/{and}/{or}/{xor}/{xnor} ... {NOT}*3/{AND}/{OR}/{XOR}/{XNOR}*4 uNegative Values To determine the negative of !m(SET UP)c4(Bin)J A2(LOG)1(Neg) bbaabaw u Bitwise Operations Example 1 To input and execute “12016 and AD16” Abca2(LOG) 3(and)AD*1w 120 Example 2 To display the result of “368 or 11102” as an octal valueExample 3 To negate 2FFFED16 u Number System Transformation Dec Hex Bin Oct uTo convert a displayed value from one number system to another Example To convert 2210 (default number system) to its binary or octal value 121 2-8Matrix Calculations122 kInputting and Editing MatricesDEL DEL·A DIM u Creating a Matrix uTo specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix Example To create a 2-row ⋅ 3-columnmatrix in the area named Mat B 123 uTo input cell valuesTo input the following data into Matrix B : bwcwdw ewfwgw To exit the Matrix input screen, press J 124 uDeleting MatricesuTo delete a specific matrix uTo delete all matrices 125 kMatrix Cell OperationsR-OP •{ROW} INS ADD •{COL} EDIT u Row Calculations Swap Rw+ uTo swap two rows Matrix A 126 uTo calculate the scalar multiplication of a row4 : 4, then add the result to row 3 : 127 uTo add two rows togetherMatrix A = 3 u Row Operations uTo delete a row 128 uTo insert a row2(ROW)2(INS) uTo add a row 2(ROW)3(ADD) 129 uColumn OperationsuTo delete a column uTo insert a column 130 uTo add a columnmatrix: kModifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands uTo display the matrix commands Det Trn Aug Iden Dim Fill Ref Rref 131 u Matrix Data Input Format[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat] ... a1n ... a2n am1 am2 ... amn [ [a Example 1 To input the following data as Matrix A : !+( [ )!+( [ )b,d,f !-( ] )!+( [ )c,e,g !-( ] )!-( ] )aK2(MAT) 1(Mat)av(A) 132 uTo input an identity matrixExample 2 To create a 3 ⋅ 3 identity matrix as Matrix A uTo check the dimensions of a matrix Example 3 To check the dimensions of Matrix A, which was input in Example Example 4 To specify dimensions of 2 rows and 3 columns for Matrix B 133 uModifying Matrices Using Matrix CommandsuTo assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat] Example 1 Assign 10 to the cell at row 1, column 2 of the following matrix : 134 uTo fill a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into asingle matrix [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Fill]/[Aug] Example 1 To fill all of the cells of Matrix A with the value K2(MAT)6(g)3(Fill) d,6(g)1(Mat)av(A)w 1(Mat)av(A)w Example 2 To combine the following two matrices : K2(MAT)5(Aug) 1(Mat)av(A) 1(Mat)al(B)w 135 uTo assign the contents of a matrix column to a list [OPTN]-[MAT]-[M→L]136 kMatrix Calculations137 uMatrix Arithmetic Operations[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat]/[Iden] Example 1 To add the following two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B) : AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)+ AfK2(MAT)1(Mat) av(A)w Example 3 To multiply the two matrices in Example 1 (Matrix A ⋅ Matrix B) AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A) Example 4 To multiply Matrix A (from Example 1) by a 2 ⋅ 2 identity matrix 6(g)1(Iden)cw Number of rows and columns 138 uDeterminant[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Det] Obtain the determinant for the following matrix : −1 −2 K2(MAT)3(Det)1(Mat) uMatrix Transposition [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Trn] To transpose the following matrix : K2(MAT)4(Trn)1(Mat) 139 uRow Echelon Form[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Ref] To find the row echelon form of the following matrix: K2(MAT)6(g)4(Ref) uReduced Row Echelon Form [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Rref] This command finds the reduced row echelon form of a matrix To find the reduced row echelon form of the following matrix: −21 K2(MAT)6(g)5(Rref) 1(Mat)av(A)w 140 Matrix CalculationsuMatrix Inversion [x–1] To invert the following matrix: K2(MAT)1(Mat) av(A)!)(x–1)w uSquaring a Matrix [x2] Example To square the following matrix: K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)xw 141 uRaising a Matrix to a PowerTo raise the following matrix to the third power: K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A) Mdw uDetermining the Absolute Value, Integer Part, Fraction Part, and Maximum Integer of a Matrix [OPTN]-[NUM]-[Abs]/[Frac]/[Int]/[Intg] To determine the absolute value of the following matrix: 1 –2 –34 K6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs) K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)w 142 kPerforming Matrix Calculations Using Natural Input143 To perform the calculation shown belowuTo assign a matrix created using natural input to a MAT mode matrix 144 List Function145 3-1Inputting and Editing a List153 3-2Manipulating List Data154 uTo count the number of data items in a listTo count the number of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) uTo create a list or matrix by specifying the number of data items [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim] 155 Matrix AuTo replace all data items with the same value uTo generate a sequence of numbers 156 contains the smallest value(Min) (List) To find which of two lists contains the greatest value [LIST] [Max] Use the same procedure as that for the smallest value, except press (Max) in place of (Min) • The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory To find whether List 1 (75, 16, 98, 46, 56) or List 2 (35, 59, 58, 72, 67) uTo find the minimum value in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Min] K1(LIST)6(g)1(Min)6(g)6(g)1(List) <list number 1-26> )w Example To find the minimum value in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) AK1(LIST)6(g)1(Min) 6(g)6(g)1(List)b)w uTo find the maximum value in a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Max] uTo find which of two lists contains the smallest value 157 uTo calculate the mean of data itemsExample To calculate the mean of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46 56) uTo calculate the mean of data items of specified frequency [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Mean] frequency is indicated by List 2 (75, 89, 98, 72, 67) uTo calculate the median of data items in a list[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med] [Med] Example To calculate the median of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) 158 uTo calculate the median of data items of specified frequency[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med] uTo combine lists uTo calculate the sum of data items in a list[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Sum] [Sum] Example To calculate the sum of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) 159 uTo calculate the product of values in a listTo calculate the product of values in List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) uTo calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Cuml] (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) uTo calculate the percentage represented by each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[%] 160 To calculate the percentage represented by each data item in ListAK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%) uTo calculate the differences between neighboring data inside a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[A] K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A)<list number 1-26>w • The result of this operation is stored in ListAns memory To calculate the difference between the data items in List (1, 3, 8, 5, 4) AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A) 161 3-3Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists166 3-4Switching Between List Files167 Equation Calculations175 Graphing176 5-1Sample Graphs184 5-2Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen194 5-3Drawing a Graph195 uTo store a polar coordinate function (r=) *1Example To store the following expression in memory area r2 : r = 5 sin3θ 3(TYPE)2(r=) (Specifies polar coordinate expression.) fsdv(Inputs expression.) w(Stores expression.) uTo store a parametric function *2 To store the following functions in memory areas Xt3 and Yt3 : x = 3 sin T y = 3 cos T 3(TYPE)3(Parm) (Specifies parametric expression.) dsvw(Inputs and stores x expression.) dcvw(Inputs and stores y expression.) 196 uTo store an X = constant expression *1Example To store the following expression in memory area X4 : X 3(TYPE)4(X=c) (Specifies X = constant expression.) d(Inputs expression.) uTo store an inequality *1 Example To store the following inequality in memory area Y5 : y > x2 − 2x − 3(TYPE)6(g)1(Y>) (Specifies an inequality.) vx-cv-g(Inputsexpression.) uTo create a composite function To use relations in Y1 and Y2 to create composite functions for Y3 and Y4 Y1 + 1), Y2 = X2 + Assign Y1°Y2 to Y3, and Y2°Y1 to Y4 (Y1°Y2 ((x2 + 3) +1 ) = (x2 + 4) Y2°Y1 = ( (X + 1))2 + 3 = X + 4 (X > −1)) Input relations into Y3 and Y4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)J4(GRPH) 1(Y)b(1(Y)c)w J4(GRPH)1(Y)c (1(Y)b)w (Y) • A composite function can consist of up to five functions 197 uTo assign values to the coefficients and variables of a graph function198 Memory Area TypeDefault Variable Xtn Ytn Y1 (3) and Y1 (X = 3) are identical values 199 kEditing and Deleting FunctionsuTo edit a function in memory uTo change the line style of a graph function “Broken” 200 uTo change the type of a function *1Example To change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 2x2 – 3 to y < 2x2 – 201 kSelecting Functions for GraphinguTo specify the draw/non-drawstatus of a graph Y1 = 2x2 – 5, r2 = 5 sin3θ Xmin = –5 Ymin = –5 Ymax = 5 Tθ max = π Tθ ptch = 2π 202 kGraph MemoryA single save operation saves the following data in graph memory •All graph functions in the currently displayed Graph relation list (up to 20) •Graph types •Function graph line information •Draw/non-drawstatus •V-Windowsettings (1 set) uTo store graph functions in graph memory 1.Press 5(GMEM)1(STO) to display the pop-upwindow • There are 20 graph memories numbered G-Mem1to G-Mem20 uTo recall a graph function 1.Press 5(GMEM)2(RCL) to display the pop-upwindow 203 5-4Storing a Graph in Picture Memory204 5-5Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen210 5-6Manual Graphing218 5-7Using Tables219 uTo generate a table using a list1.While the Table relation list is on the screen, display the Setup screen 2.Highlight Variable and then press 2(LIST) to display the pop-upwindow 3.Select the list whose values you want to assign for the x-variable To select List 6, for example, press After specifying the list you want to use, press uGenerating a Table To generate a table of values for the functions stored in memory areas Y1 and Y3 of the Table relation list Each cell can contain up to six digits, including negative sign 220 To scroll the display and view parts of the table that do not fit in the display•To change x variable values by replacing values in column Press 1(FORM) or J to return to the Table relation list uTo generate a differential number table *1 uSpecifying the function type You can specify a function as being one of three types.*2 •Rectangular coordinate (Y=) •Polar coordinate (r=) •Parametric (Parm) 1.Press 3(TYPE) while the relation list is on the screen Press the number key that corresponds to the function type you want to specify 221 uTo edit a functionExample To change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 3x2 – 2 to y = 3x2 – 222 kEditing TablesG·CON G·PLT uTo change variable values in a table 223 uRow Operations224 Example To add a new row below Row 7 in the table generated on pageuDeleting a Table 225 kCopying a Table Column to a ListuTo copy a table to a list 226 kDrawing a Graph from a Number Table1.From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode 3.Store the functions 4.Specify the table range 5.Generate the table 6.Select the graph type and draw it 5(G • CON) ... line graph*1 6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph*1 Selecting 227 Store the two functions below, generate a number table, and then drawa line graph. Specify a range of –3to 3, and an increment of Y1 = 3x2 – 2, Y2 Xmin = 0 Xmax = 6 1mTABLE 2!3(V-WIN) awgwbwc -cwbawcwJ 33(TYPE)1(Y=) dvx-cw 45(SET)-dwdwbwJ (SET) 56(TABL) 65(G • CON) 228 kSpecifying a Range for Number Table Generation229 Store the three functions shown below, and then generate a table forfunctions Y1 and Y3. Specify a range of –3to 3, and an increment of Y1 = 3x2 – 2, Y2 = x + 4, Y3 23(TYPE)1(Y=) dvx-cwv+ew 35(SET)-dwdwbwJ 4ff1(SEL) 230 kSimultaneously Displaying a Number Table and Graph3.On the Setup screen, select T+G for Dual Screen 5.Specify the table range 6.The number table is displayed in the sub-screenon the right 7.Specify the graph type and draw the graph 5(G • CON) ... line graph 6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph 231 Store the function Y1 = 3x2 – 2 and simultaneously display its numbertable and line graph. Use a table range of –3to 3 with an increment of 3!m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J 43(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cw 55(SET) -dwdwbwJ 66(TABL) 75(G • CON) 232 kUsing Graph-TableLinking2.Make the required V-Windowsettings 3.Input the function of the graph and make the required table range settings 5(G • CON) ... connect type graph 5.Press K2(GLINK) to enter the Graph-TableLinking mode Now when you use To exit the Graph-TableLinking mode, press J or !J(QUIT) 233 increment ofXmin = –1 Xmax = 10 Ymin = –1 Ymax = 4 2!3(V-WIN) -bwbawbwc -bwewbwJ !m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J 33(TYPE)1(Y=)dlvw cwjwbwJ 46(TABL) 6(G • PLT) 5K2(GLINK) 6c ~ c, f ~ f 234 5-8Dynamic Graphing235 Dynamic GraphingUse Dynamic Graph to graph y = A (x – 1)2 – 1, in which the value of coefficient A changes from 2 through 5 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times Xmin = –6.3 Xmax = 6.3 Ymin = –3.1 Ymax = 3.1 1m DYNA 2!3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J 3!m(SET UP)2(Stop)J 45(B-IN)c1(SEL) 54(VAR)cwbw-bw (VAR) 62(SET)cwfwbwJ 73(SPEED)3()J 86(DYNA) Repeats from 1 through 236 kDrawing a Dynamic Graph Locus237 times238 kDynamic Graph Application Examples239 The path over time T of a ball thrown in the air at initial velocity V andan angle of θ degrees from horizontal can be calculated as follows X = (Vcos θ)T, Y = (Vsin θ)T – (1/2)gT2 (g = 9.8m/s2) Use Dynamic Graph to plot the path of a ball thrown at an initial velocity of 20 meters per second, at horizontal angles of 30, 45, and degrees (Angle: Deg) Xmax = 42 Ymax = 16 Tθ max = 6 Tθ ptch 2!3(V-WIN) -bwecwfwc -bwbgwcw awgwa.bwJ 3!m(SET UP)2(Stop) cccccc1(Deg)J 43(TYPE)3(Parm) (cacav(A))vw (casav(A))v-e.jvxw sav 54(VAR) 6 2(SET)dawgawbfwJ 240 kAdjusting the Dynamic Graph SpeedkGraph Calculation DOT Switching Function 241 kUsing Dynamic Graph MemoryThe following is all of the data that makes up a set •Graph functions (up to 20) •Dynamic Graph conditions •Setup screen settings •V-Windowcontents •Dynamic Graph screen uTo save data in Dynamic Graph memory uTo recall data from Dynamic Graph memory 1.Display the Dynamic Graph relation list 2.Pressing 6(RCL) recalls Dynamic Graph memory contents and draws the graph 242 5-9Graphing a Recursion Formula243 Generate a number table from recursion between three termsas expressed by an+2 = an+1 + an, with initial terms of a1 = 1, a2 (Fibonacci sequence), as n changes in value from 1 to 1m RECUR 23(TYPE)3(an+2) 34(n. an ··)3(an+1)+2(an)w 45(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwbwJ *The first two values correspond to a1 = 1 and a2 244 kGraphing a Recursion Formula (1)245 Graphing a Recursion FormulaGenerate a number table from recursion between two terms as expressed by an+1 = 2an + 1, with an initial term of a1 = 1, as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph Ymin = –15 Ymax = 65 -bfwgfwfwJ 33(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw 45(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ 51(SEL+S)f2()J 246 kGraphing a Recursion Formula (2)247 Generate a number table from recursion between two terms asin value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a plot line graph with ordinate Σan, abscissa n 2!m(SET UP)1(On)J 3!3(V-WIN) awgwbwc 43(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw 55(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ 61(SEL+S)f2()J 76(TABL) 86(G • PLT)6(Σan) 248 kWEB Graph (Convergence, Divergence)249 To draw the WEB graph for the recursion formula an+1 = –3(an)2 + 3anbn+1 = 3bn + 0.2, and check for divergence or convergence. Use the following table range and V-Windowsettings Table Range Start = 0, End = 6, a0 = 0.01, anStr = 0.01, b0 = 0.11, bnStr V-WindowSettings Xmax = 1 Ymin = 0 Ymax = 1 2!3(V-WIN) awbwbwc awbwbwJ 33(TYPE)2(an+1)-d2(an)x+d2(an)w d3(bn)+a.cw 45(SET)1(a0) awgwa.abwa.bbwc a.abwa.bbwJ 64(WEB) 7w~w(an is convergence) cw~w(bn is divergence) 250 kGraphing a Recursion Formula on Dual Screen4.Specify the recursion formula type and input the formula 251 3!m(SET UP)ccc1(T+G)J85(G • CON) 252 5-10Changing the Appearance of a Graph259 5-11Function Analysis260 Read coordinates along the graph of the function shown belowY1 = x2 – 2!3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc 3(TYPE)1(Y=)vx-dw 3!1(TRCE) 4d~d 5-bw 261 kDisplaying the Derivative263 kGraph to Table264 Function AnalysisSave, in a table, the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection at X = 0 for the two graphs shown below, and store the table contents in List Y1 = x2 – 3, Y2 = – x + 2!m(SET UP)cc2(GtoT)J 43(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw -v+cw 5!1(TRCE) 6d~dwe~ew 7K1(CHNG) 8K2(LMEM)bw 265 kCoordinate Rounding266 3(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw3!2(ZOOM)6(g)3(RND) 4!1(TRCE) d~d 267 kCalculating the Root268 Draw the graph shown below and calculate the root for Y1Y1 = x(x + 2)(x – 2) 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v(v+c)(v-c)w6(DRAW) (DRAW) 3!5(G-SLV)1(ROOT) 5e e 269 kCalculating the Point of Intersection of Two Graphs270 Graph the two functions shown below, and determine the point ofintersection between Y1 and Y2 Y1 = x + 1, Y2 !3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc -fwfwbwJ 3(TYPE)1(Y=) v+bw vxw 2!5(G-SLV)5(ISCT) 271 kDetermining the Coordinates for Given Points272 Graph the two functions shown below and then determine the ycoordinate for x = 0.5 and the x-coordinatefor y = 2.2 on graph Y2 Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x(x + 2)(x – 2) Xmax = 6.3, Xscale Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults) (initial defaults) !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v+bw v(v+c)(v-c)w 2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)1(Y-CAL) 2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)2(X-CAL) 3 cw 4 a.fw 4 c.cw 273 kCalculating the lntegral Value for a Given Range274 at (–2,0)275 kConic Section Graph AnalysisuParabolic Graph Analysis FOCS VTX LEN DIR SYM X-IN Y-IN uCircular Graph Analysis CNTR RADS uElliptical Graph Analysis uHyperbolic Graph Analysis ASYM 276 uTo calculate the focus, vertex and length of latus rectumTo determine the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum for the parabola X = (Y – 2)2 + 277 uTo calculate the center and radiusTo determine the center and radius for the circle (X + 2)2 + (Y + 1)2 278 uTo calculate the x- and y-interceptsTo determine the x- and y-interceptsfor the hyperbola (X – 3)2 (Y – 1)2 279 uTo draw and analyze the axis of symmetry and directrix[G-SLV]-[SYM]/[DIR] X = 2(Y – 1)2 + 280 uTo draw and analyze the asymptotes[G-SLV]-[ASYM] To draw the asymptotes for the hyperbola (X – 1)2 cwcwbwbw6(DRAW) 5(ASYM) (Draws the asymptotes.) uTo calculate eccentricity [G-SLV]-[e] To determine the eccentricity of the graph for ellipse (X – 2)2 (Y – 2)2 Xmax = 7 ccccccw ewcwcwcw6(DRAW) 6(g)1(e) (Calculates eccentricity.) 281 Statistical Graphs and Calculations282 6-1Before Performing Statistical Calculations283 kChanging Graph Parameters•{GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} drawing*1 SEL •{SET} ... {graph settings (graph type, list assignments)} 1. General graph settings [GRPH]-[SET] • Graph Type • Frequency 284 • Mark TypeThis setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the graph uTo display the general graph settings screen Pressing 1(GRPH)6(SET) displays the general graph settings screen •StatGraph (statistical graph specification) •{GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} •Graph Type (graph type specification) Scat NPP Hist Box N·Dis Brkn Med X^2 X^3 X^4 Log Exp Pwr Sin Lgst •XList (x-axisdata list) •{LIST} ... {List 1 to 26} •YList (y-axisdata list) •Frequency (number of times a value occurs) •{1} ... {1-to-1plot} •{LIST} ... frequency data in {List 1 to 26} •Mark Type (plot mark type) •{}/{⋅}/{•} ... scatter diagram plot points •Outliers (outliers specification) •{On}/{Off} ... {display}/{do not display} Med-Boxoutliers 285 2. Graph draw/non-drawstatus[GRPH]-[SEL] 1. Pressing 1(GRPH)4(SEL) displays the graph On/Off screen •{On}/{Off} ... {On (draw)}/{Off (non-draw)} •{DRAW} ... {draws all On graphs} 3.To return to the graph menu, press J 286 6-2Calculating and Graphing Single-VariableStatistical Data290 6-3Calculating and Graphing Paired-VariableStatistical Data291 Input the two sets of data shown below. Next, plot the data on ascatter diagram and connect the dots to produce an xy line graph 0.5 1.2 2.4 4.0 (xList) –2.1 0.3 1.5 2.0 (yList) 1m STAT 2a.fwb.cw c.ewewf.cw e -c.bwa.dw b.fwcwc.ew 3(Scatter diagram) 1(GRPH)6(SET)c1(Scat)J 1(GPH1) 3(xy line graph) 1(GRPH)6(SET)c2(xy)J 1(GPH1) (xy line graph) 292 k Drawing a Regression Graph293 Input the two sets of data shown below and plot the data on a scatterdiagram. Next, perform logarithmic regression on the data to display the regression parameters, and then draw the corresponding regression graph 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0 –2.1,0.3, 1.5, 2.0 -c.bwa.dw b.fwcwc.ew 1(GRPH)6(SET)c1(Scat)J 1(GPH1) 31(CALC)6(g)2(Log) 294 kSelecting the Regression Type•{2VAR} ... {paired-variablestatistical results} •{X}/{Med}/{X^2}/{X^3}/{X^4}/{Log}/{Exp}/{Pwr}/{Sin}/{Lgst} kDisplaying Regression Calculation Results kGraphing Statistical Calculation Results 295 kLinear Regression GraphThe graphic representation of this relationship is a linear regression graph 1(CALC)2(X) The following is the linear regression model formula y = ax + b a..............regression coefficient (slope) b..............regression constant term (y-intercept) r..............correlation coefficient MSe mean square error kMed-MedGraph 1(CALC)3(Med) The following is the Med-Medgraph model formula a Med-Medgraph slope b Med-Medgraph y-intercept 296 kQuadratic/Cubic/Quartic Regression GraphQuadratic regression y = ax2 + bx + c y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d Quartic regression y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e 297 kLogarithmic Regression GraphkExponential Regression Graph y = a·ebx 298 kPower Regression Graphy = a·xb kSinusoidal Regression Graph 299 kLogistic Regression GraphThe following is the logistic regression model formula 1 + ae–bx 1(CALC)6(g)6(g)1(Lgst) kResidual Calculation Residual calculation can be performed and saved for all regression models 300 kDisplaying the Calculation Results of a Drawn Paired-VariableGraphkCopying a Regression Graph Formula to the GRAPH Mode 301 kMultiple Graphs302 k Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph303 Input the two sets of data shown below. Next, plot the data on a scatterdiagram and overlay a function graph y = 2ln -c.bwa.dw b.fwcwc.ew 1(GRPH)1(GPH1) (GRPH) (GPH1) 32(DefG) cIvw(Register Y1 = 2In x) 304 6-4Performing Statistical Calculations314 6-5Tests315 kZ TestsuZ Test Common Functions u1-Sample Z Test Z o – μ0 318 u2-Sample Z Test320 u1-Prop Z Test– p0 Z p0 (1– p0) 321 u2-Prop Z Testp(1– p ) 323 6-5-10Testskt Tests ut Test Common Functions • 1(T) ... Displays t score Press J to clear the t score 324 u 1-Sample t Test326 u 2-Sample t Testn1 + n2 – df = n1 + n2 – t df C 329 u LinearReg t TestΣ(x – o)( y – p) 1 – r Σ(x – o)2 330 6-5-17Testsβ G 0 & ρ G 0 constant term coefficient standard error 331 6-5-18Testskχ2 Test Expected counts 3(CHI) Observed name of matrix (A to Z) that contains observed counts (all cells positive integers) Expected name of matrix (A to Z) that is for saving expected frequency 332 6-5-19Testsχ2 value degrees of freedom You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a graph • 1(CHI) ... Displays χ2 value Press J to clear the χ2 value 333 k 2-Sample F Test334 6-5-21Testsσ1Gσ2 F value mean of sample 1 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.) mean of sample 2 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.) • 1(F) ... Displays F value Press J to clear the F value 335 6-5-22TestskANOVA 5(ANOV) How Many selects One-WayANOVA or Two-WayANOVA (number of levels) Factor A category list (List 1 to 26) Dependnt list to be used for sample data (List 1 to 26) Save Res first list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 22)*1 executes a calculation or draws a graph (Two-WayANOVA only) The following item appears in the case of Two-WayANOVA only Factor B category list (List 1 to 26) • 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph (Two-WayANOVA only) 336 6-5-23TestsOne-WayANOVA Line 1 (A) Factor A df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value Line 2 (ERR) Error df value, SS value, MS value Two-WayANOVA Line 2 (B) Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value Line 3 (AB) Factor A × Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value *Line 3 does not appear when there is only one observation in each cell Line 4 (ERR) mean squares You can use the following graph analysis function after drawing a graph • 1(Trace) or !1(TRCE) ... Trace function Press J to clear the pointer from the display 337 k ANOVA (Two-Way)uDescription uSolution 339 6-6Confidence Interval350 6-7Distribution373 7-1Before Performing Financial Calculations374 kGraphing in the TVM ModeSFV •Zoom, Scroll, and Sketch cannot be used in the TVM mode Note that graphs should be used only for reference purposes when viewing 375 7-2Simple Interest377 7-3Compound Interest378 PMT = –uConverting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate ) –1 100 ⋅ [C / Y ] When calculating n, PV, PMT, FV i= I%'⎟100 When calculating I% –1}⋅[C / Y ] ⋅ 379 2(CMPD)number of compound periods of savings) PMT payment for each installment (payment in case of loan; deposit in case of savings) future value (unpaid balance in case of loan; principal plus interest in case of savings) P/Y installment periods per year C/Y compounding periods per year Inputting Values Precision 380 PMT381 7-4Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)382 PBPn – NPVn NPVn+1 – NPVn NPV IRR PBP NFV 384 7-5Amortization387 7-6Interest Rate Conversion388 7-7Cost, Selling Price, Margin389 7-8Day/Date Calculations390 PRDd1+D d1–D 360-dayDate Mode Calculations 391 Programming8447 Spreadsheet448 9-1Spreadsheet Overview449 kS • SHT Mode Function Menu•{FILE} … {displays the FILE submenu} •{NEW} … {creates a new spreadsheet file} OPEN •{SV • AS} … {saves the displayed spreadsheet under a new name (Save As)} •{RECAL} … {recalculates the formulas included in the displayed spreadsheet} •{EDIT} … {displays the EDIT submenu} CUT PASTE COPY CELL •{JUMP} … {displays a JUMP submenu} BOT 450 SEQFILL SRT ROW COL ALL CLR {GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3}/{SEL}/{SET} {1VAR}/{2VAR}/{REG}/{SET} 451 •{STO} … {displays the STO submenu}•{VAR} … {assigns the contents of a cell to a variable} •{LIST} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a list} •{FILE} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a file} •{MAT} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a matrix} •{RCL} … {displays the RCL submenu} •{LIST} … {imports data from a list into the spreadsheet} •{FILE} … {imports data from a file into the spreadsheet} •{MAT} … {imports data from a matrix into the spreadsheet} uData Input Function Menu • {GRAB} … {enters the Grab mode for inputting sell references} For details, see “To reference a particular cell” (page 9-4-6) •{$} … {inputs the absolute reference command ($) into a cell} •{:} … {inputs the cell range command (:) into a cell} •{If} … {inputs the “CellIf(” S • SHT mode command} CEL •{REL} … {displays a submenu for inputting the following relational operators} 452 9-2File Operations and Re-calculation453 uTo open a fileuTo delete a file 454 uTo save a file under a new name (Save As)1.In the S • SHT mode, press 1(FILE)3(SV • AS) •This will display a dialog box for entering a file name 2.Enter up to eight characters for the file name, and then press w kAbout Auto Save kRecalculating a Formula Use the following procedure to recalculate the formulas in a spreadsheet uTo re-executeall of the formulas in a spreadsheet While the spreadsheet is on the display, press 1(FILE)4(RECAL) This will 455 9-3Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations456 Basic Spreadsheet Screen OperationsuTo move the cell cursor using the JUMP command To move the cell cursor to Do this: here: A particular cell 1. Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)1(GO) 2. On the “Go To Cell” dialog box that appears, enter the name of the destination cell (A1 to Z999) 3. Press w Line 1 of current column Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)2(TOP↑) Column A of current line Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)3(TOP←) Bottom line of current column Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)4(BOT↓) Column Z of current line Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)5(BOT→) uSpecifying Cell Cursor Movement when Inputting Cell Data kSelecting Cells uTo select a single cell • See “Moving the Cell Cursor” (page 9-3-1)for more information 457 uTo select an entire lineuTo select an entire column uTo select all of the cells in a spreadsheet 458 uTo select a range of cells1.Move the cell cursor to the start cell of the range you want to select 2.Press !i(CLIP) This will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a Selected cells are highlighted To cancel cell selection, press 459 9-4Inputting and Editing Cell Data460 uTo replace a cell’s current contents with new input1.Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to input data 2.Input the desired data 3.After everything is the way you want, press w If “Auto Calc” is turned on (page To cancel data input, press uTo edit the current contents of a cell 1.Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to edit data •This will display the contents of the cell, flush right, in the edit box 461 2.Press 2(EDIT)3(CELL)3.Edit the data in the edit box 4.After everything is the way you want, press w kInputting a Formula •Values •Mathematical expressions •Cell references •Calculator built-infunction commands (page 2-4-1) •S • SHT mode commands (page 9-5-1) 462 uFormula Input ExampleuTo input formulas 463 kUsing Cell ReferencesRelative Cell References Absolute Cell References This cell reference: Does this: 464 kReferencing a Particular CelluTo reference a particular cell 1.Move the cell cursor to cell A2, and then input !.(=) 2.Press 1(GRAB) To move the cell cursor to here: A specific cell 2(GO) 3(TOP↑) 4(TOP←) 5(BOT↓) 6(BOT→) 3.Press f to move the cell cursor to cell A1 4.Press 1(SET) •This inputs the reference to cell A1 465 kReferencing a Range of CellsuTo reference a range of cells 466 5.Press !i(CLIP)You can use the function menu keys 7.To register the range of cells, press 1(SET) •This will input the cell range (A6:B7) 8.Press w to store the formula Indicates the sum of the values in cells A6 through B7 467 kInputting the Absolute Reference Symbol ($)uTo input the absolute reference symbol Example To input =$A$1 into cell C1 468 kInputting a ConstantConstant Displayed Result 7+3 sin sin X+1 *1 AX *1*2 dim {1,2,3} 1=0 1>0 Syntax ERROR {1,2,3} 469 kInputting TextkGenerating a Numeric Sequence in a Spreadsheet uTo generate a numeric sequence in a spreadsheet following parameters 470 3.Enter the required items to generate the sequence•The following describes the required input items Item Expr Function f(x) for generating the sequence Var Name of the variable in the function f(x) Even if a function has only one variable, its name must be defined here The starting value (Start), ending value (End) and pitch (Incre) of the values assigned to the variable specified by Var Specifying Start: 1, End: 15, and Incre: 7, for example, will generate a Incre sequence by assigning the following values to the variable: 1, 8 4.After inputting data for all the items, press 6(EXE) or the w key 471 kFilling a Range of Cells with the Same ContentuTo fill a range of cells with the same content 472 4. Press w5.Press 6(EXE) or the w key =A1+1 =B1+1 =A2+1 =B2+1 473 kCut and PasteuHow cut and paste affects cell references Let’s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the following data: A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: =B1+2 Cut B1:C1 (left screen) and paste the data in B2:C2 (right screen) reference) into cell C2 474 A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: = $B$1+2uTo cut and paste spreadsheet data 1.Select the cell(s) you want to cut See “To select a single cell” (page 2.Press 2(EDIT)1(CUT) This selects the data and enters the paste mode, which causes the You can exit the paste mode at any time during the following steps by pressing 475 4.Press 1(PASTE)kCopy and Paste uTo copy and paste spreadsheet data 1.Select the cell(s) you want to copy 2.Press 2(EDIT)2(COPY) 476 After you are finish pasting the data where you want, press477 kSorting Spreadsheet DatauTo sort spreadsheet data kDeleting and Inserting Cells uTo delete an entire line or column of cells 478 uTo delete the contents of all the cells in a spreadsheet479 uTo insert lines or columns of blank cells2.Press 4(INS) to display the INS submenu 3.Use the INS submenu to perform the operation you want To exit the INS submenu without inserting anything, press kClearing Cell Contents uTo clear cell contents 1.Select the cell(s) whose contents you want to clear 2.Press 5(CLR) •This will clear the contents of the currently selected cells 480 9-5S • SHT Mode Commands484 9-6Statistical Graphs485 kConfiguring Graph Parameter SettingsuXCellRange (range x-axisdata cells) Cell uYCellRange (range y-axisdata cells) uFrequency (number of times a value occurs) 486 kGraphing Statistical DatauTo graph statistical data Example: Input the following data into a spreadsheet, and then draw a scatter diagram 488 kConfiguring Range Settings for Graph Data CellsuTo change the XCellRange and YCellRange settings manually 1.Press 6(SET) on the GRPH submenu to display the graph settings screen 2.Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to XCellRange 3.Press 1(CELL) or simply input something •The function menu will change to the colon (:) 4.Input or edit the cell range •To input the colon, press 1(:) 6.After all the settings are the way you want, press J 489 kConfiguring the Frequency SettinguTo specify the frequency of each data item 490 9-7Using the CALC Function494 9-8Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode495 kSaving Spreadsheet Data to List MemoryuTo save the contents of a range of cells to List Memory 1.Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in List Memory 2.Press 6(g)3(STO)2(LIST) •The “Cell Range” setting will show the range of cells you selected in step 3.Press c to move the highlighting to “List [1~26]” 4.Enter a list number in the range of 1 to 26, and then press w 5.Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the List Memory kSaving Spreadsheet Data to File Memory The following shows how spreadsheet data in the range of A1:C3 is saved to File File6 List1 List2 List3 Spreadsheet 496 uTo save the contents of a range of cells to File Memory1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in File Memory 2. Press 6(g)3(STO)3(FILE) 3. Press c to move the highlighting to “File [1~6]” 4. Enter a file number in the range of 1 to 6, and then press w 5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the File Memory kSaving Spreadsheet Data to Mat Memory uTo save the contents of a range of cells to Mat Memory 1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in Mat Memory 2. Press 6(g)3(STO)4(MAT) 3. Press c to move the highlighting to “Mat Name” 4. Input the Mat Memory name (A to Z) where you want to save the data 5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the Mat Memory 497 kRecalling Data from MemorykRecalling Data from List Memory uTo recall data from a List Memory to a spreadsheet 498 uTo recall data from a File Memory to a spreadsheetuTo recall data from a Mat Memory to a spreadsheet uTo use a variable in a spreadsheet 499 eActivity500 10-1eActivity Overview508 10-2Working with eActivity Files509 If the file you want to open is in a folder, use•This will open the file If the file you want to delete is in a folder, use 2.Use f and c to highlight the file you want to delete, and then press 3(DEL) uTo search for a file 1.While the file list screen is displayed, press 4(SRC) •This displays a file search dialog box 2.Enter part or all of the name of the file you want to find The message “Not Found” will appear if a match cannot be found. Press the 510 10-3Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data511 kNavigating around the eActivity Workspace ScreenuTo scroll the eActivity workspace screen vertically uTo jump to the top or the bottom of the eActivity workspace screen kUsing a Text Line uTo input into a text line 512 uTo change the current line into a text lineuTo insert a text line Perform this key operation: located here: 513 uInputting and Editing Text Line ContentsYou can input a carriage return into a text line by pressing If the text is wrapped into multiple lines, pressing the kUsing Math Lines •You can input stop lines in an eActivity 514 uTo input a calculation formula into an eActivity•“To change the current line into a math line” below •“To insert a math line” (page 10-3-6) 2.Input the expression Example: s$!E(π)cg •“Inputting and Editing Math Line Contents” (page 10-3-6) 3.To obtain the result of the calculation and display it, press w uTo change the current line into a math line 2.Press 3(TEXT) to change the text line to a math line This will cause the 3 key menu to change to “CALC” 515 uTo insert a math lineTo insert a math line while the cursor is 5(INS)2(CALC) 6(g)3(INS)2(CALC) 3(INS)2(CALC) uInputting and Editing Math Line Contents kUsing Stop Lines automatically uTo insert a stop line To insert a stop line while the cursor is 5(INS)3(STOP) 6(g)3(INS)3(STOP) 3(INS)3(STOP) 516 These math lines are not required to test various values forSubstituting a value will produce a result of If we wanted to test various values for and press , the calculator will re-calculate (sin + (cos and then stop Stop Line Example 517 kInserting a StripTitle Field Screen Name Field You can input a strip title up to 16 characters long that the strip contains 518 uTo insert a stripWhen you want to embed this type of data: Select this type of strip: 519 DYNA mode Dynamic Graph screenDynamic Graph TVM mode Financial screen Financial S • SHT mode Spreadsheet screen SpreadSheet 4.Press w The text cursor will also appear if you start to input text without pressing 6.Press w to assign the title to the strip 520 uTo change the title of a strip521 uTo call up an application from a strip2.Press w •Also see “Practical Strip Examples” (page 10-3-13)for more information Press !a(') 522 Press !,(,)On the application list that appears, use kPractical Strip Examples uGraph Strip Example This example shows how to create a Graph strip to graph the function y Things to remember uTo create a Graph strip On the eActivity workspace screen, press •This will insert a Graph strip 2.Input the strip title, and then press w •Here we will input “Graph draw” 523 3.Press w to call up the graph screen4.Press !6(G↔T) to display the Graph Editor screen 5.Input the function you want to graph (Y1 = X2 in this example) 6.Press 6(DRAW) to graph the function 7.To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(') 8.Press w again to call up the graph screen •This will re-graphthe function you input in step 524 uTable Editor Strip ExampleuTo create a Table Editor strip 525 8.Call up the List Editor screen (page 6-1-1)9.Input the values into List 10.Return to the Table Editor screen 11.When the Table Editor screen appears, press w This generates the number table for the function 12.To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(') kUsing Copy and Paste to Draw a Graph 526 uTo use copy and paste to draw a graphPerform steps 1 through 7 under “To create a Graph strip” (page 2.Press 3(INS)1(TEXT) to input a text line 3.Enter the following expression into the text line: Y = X2 – See “To specify the copy range” (page •This will graph the function currently stored in “Graph draw ” strip memory 6.Press !j(PASTE) •This will graph the function that is on the clipboard (Y = X2 – 1) •This will re-graphthe function currently stored in “Graph draw” strip memory 527 kUsing NotesYou can perform the following operations on a Notes screen u Input and edit text u Copy and paste text uNotes Screen Function Menu The following describes the function menu of the Notes screen •{DEL • L} … {deletes the line where the cursor is located} MATH 528 kDeleting an eActivity Line or StripuTo delete a line or strip 2.Press 6(g)2(DEL • L) 529 kSaving an eActivity FileuTo replace the existing file with the new version On the eActivity workspace screen, press 1(FILE)1(SAVE) 1.Press 1(FILE)2(SV • AS) 2.Enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file name, and then press w 530 10-4Using Matrix Editor and List Editor531 kCalling Up List EditoruTo call up List Editor To call up List Editor while the cursor is 6(g)6(g)2('LIST) 6(g)4('LIST) uTo return to the eActivity workspace screen from List Editor uTo use List Editor 532 10-5eActivity File Memory Usage Screen533 10-6eActivity Guide550 System Settings Menu559 Data Communications594 Appendix595 1 Error Message Table599 2 Input Ranges600 α-2-2x2 + y2 < 1 ⋅ |r| < 1 ⋅ However, for tanθ : (DEG) |θ| < 9 ⋅ (109)° |θ| ≠ 90(2n+1): DEG (RAD) |θ| < 5 ⋅ 107π rad |θ| ≠ π/2(2n+1): RAD (GRA) |θ| < 1 ⋅ 1010grad |θ| ≠ 100(2n+1): GRA |a|, b, c < 1 ⋅ 0 < b, c Sexagesimal display: x > 0: –1 ⋅ 10100 < ylogx x = 0 : y x < 0 : y = n, –––– 2n+1 (m, n are integers) However; –1 ⋅ 10100 < y log |x| y > 0 : x ≠ –1 ⋅ 10100 logy y = 0 : x (m ≠ 0; m, n are integers) –1 ⋅ 10 < x log |y| Total of integer, numerator ab/c and denominator must be within 10 digits (includes division marks) 601 Input range
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