Array Basics, Application RAID level | Galaxy Metal Gear 65 guide

Array Basics

Appendix A

Array Basics

Galaxy 65 RAID controllers let you set up and manage disk arrays. A disk array (array) is a group of disks that appears to the system as a single virtual disk. This is accomplished through software resident in the RAID controller. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) refers to disk arrays in which part of the array storage capacity may be used to store redundant information. The redundant information lets you restore user data if a disk in the array fails.

The host system views the Galaxy 65 Subsystem as a single FC disk drive. It is actually an array of physical disks behind a RAID controller. The Galaxy 65 Subsystem is managed by software to appear as a single, very large physical disk. Depending on the array type, the virtual disk has advantages in fault- tolerance, cost, performance, or a combination of these. This section explains the different array types and the disk requirements for each type.

Tip: Choosing the right RAID level for your needs will improve performance. The following are examples of storage needs and appropriate RAID level. Rorke Data RAID controllers also provide methods of tracking statistical data to aid in the process.

Table 1–1shows some example applications and RAID levels.

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Table 1–1	Example applications and RAID levels

Application		RAID level

Testing multiple operating systems or software development (where redundancy		Volume
is not an issue)

Fast temporary storage or scratch disks for graphics, page layout, and image		RAID 0
rendering

Workgroup servers		RAID 1, 10

Video editing and production		RAID 3 or 4

Network operating system, databases, high availability applications, workgroup		RAID 5
servers

Very large databases, Web server, video on demand		RAID 50

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Galaxy Metal Gear 65 manual Array Basics, Application RAID level

Contents

Galaxy 65 User Guide Acknowledgments Contents Operation Managing Disk Drives & Enclosures Troubleshooting and Problem Solving Array Basics Accessing Disk Array Administrator Software Creating and Managing Arrays & Partitions 105 Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures 173 Index 229 Galaxy 65 User Guide International Standards PrefacePotential for Radio Frequency Interference European Regulations Safety Preface Laser Safety Battery SafetyClass 1 Laser Product ESD Precautions Rack System Precautions Special Tools and Equipment Data SecurityRelated Documentation Convention Definition Bold ConventionsResulting in injury or death Version Date Description of Change Revision History14 amended 10 planned deleted Preface Xvii Galaxy 65 User Guide Xviii Galaxy 65 System Introduction Enclosure Chassis Enclosure Core Product 3Galaxy 65 Enclosure Chassis Rear Tower Option Plug-in Modules Power Supply/Cooling Module Ops Panel Indicators and Switches Multiple Power Supply/Cooling ModulesOperators Panel Loop Resiliency Circuit Input/Output Module FC-AL Switch Function Recommended Definition Number Setting 7LRC Panel Layout 8Galaxy 65 LRC Storage Manager I/O Module 10Drive Carrier Module Drive Carrier Module Drive Status Indicators Visible and Audible AlarmsDummy Carrier Modules Anti-tamper Locks Galaxy 65 Technical Specification Installing your Galaxy 65 SubsystemDimensions Weight Power Cord PSU Safety and EMC ComplianceEnvironment Interfaces Drive Carrier Module Specification Software Enclosure Services SES Support Galaxy 65 FC-AL LRC I/O Module SpecificationRAID Card Before You Begin Power On Ops Panel LEDs Power Supply/Cooling Module LEDs Over or Under temperature Any PSU fault or Fan faultIntermittent Ops to ESI Communications failed Audible alarm Invalid address mode setting Starting the Drives Power Up/DownDisk Drives LEDs Galaxy 65 RAID Management Managing Arrays and Partitions Using SAM Viewing Array and Drive Status Information Managing Arrays Viewing Array and Partition Statistics Resetting All Statistics Verifying an Array Click Verify & Update Array ParityStopping the Array Verification Process To stop the array verification process Changing an Array Name Changing Array OwnershipClick Abort Array Verification Click Change Array Name Trusting an Array Select Disk Array Config Trust ArrayDeleting an Array Click Change Options Viewing Partition Status Information Managing PartitionsChanging a Partition Name Click Delete This Array Click Change Partition Name Changing a Partition LUNClick Change Partition LUN Viewing Known WWNs Controlling Partition Access Click Change Host Nickname Creating Nicknames for Host WWNsClick Add New Host Configuring InfoShield Changing the Read-Ahead Cache Size Click Set Read Ahead Cache Size Deleting a PartitionClick Delete Partition Galaxy 65 User Guide Setting Up Remote Notification Monitoring System Status Using SAM Setting Up the E-mail Addresses Setting Up the Events to be MonitoredStarting and Stopping Remote Notification Click Change E-mail Info Saving Log Information to a File Displaying Overall Statistics Resetting the All Statistics Galaxy 65 User Guide Configuring the Galaxy 65 System Configuring the Telnet Timeout Configuring the LAN-related SettingsConfiguring the Snmp Settings Click Change LAN Configuration Setting Passwords Configuring the System InformationClick Change System Configuration Configuring the Security Options Understanding LUNs and Viewing LUN Information Changing the Date and TimeClick Change Date/Time Changing Management LUNs Changing the Alarm Mute SettingViewing LUN Information Click Change Management LUN Click Change Configuration Alarm threshold What to do when the alarm sounds Changing the Utility Priority Enabling and Disabling the Battery Rescanning All Ports Pausing I/O Saving a Configuration File Saving and Restoring a Configuration FileRestoring a Configuration File To restore a configuration file Click Continue Click Restore Configuration File Viewing Default Settings Viewing and Restoring Default SettingsRestoring Default Settings Updating Software Click Proceed with Code UpdateClick Load Software Package File Galaxy 65 User Guide Displaying Disk Drive Information Managing Disk Drives Displaying All Devices Clearing Metadata from a Disk DriveViewing Disk Drive Status Click Clear Metadata from Selected Device Enabling and Disabling Write-back Cache Click Change Disk Option ConfigurationDisplaying Disk Drive Cache Status Enabling and Disabling Smart Changes Taking Down a Disk Drive Blinking a Drive LEDClick Blink Selected Device LED Click Down Selected Drive Setting the EMP LUN Testing a Disk DriveManaging Enclosures Click Test Unit Ready Click Update EMP Configuration Changing the Additional EMP Setting Overview Initial Start-up Problems Ops Panel LEDs Audible Alarm Mute Audible AlarmLED Test Mode System Address Hub Green Cooling Troubleshooting Power Supply/Cooling Faults System FaultsSymptom Cause Action Thermal Control Thermal Alarm Drive Carrier Module FaultsState Green Amber Continuous Operation During Replacement Dealing with Hardware FaultsAuto Start Failure Problem SAM pages do not display properly Host Fibre Channel ProblemsProblem SAM page help is not displaying Changing the Backoff Percent Using SAM Array ProblemsProblem Array is much smaller than it should be To change the backoff percentage 12.1 Power Supply/Cooling Modules Galaxy 65 Subsystem ProblemsReplacing a Module Removing a PSU Module 2Removing/Inserting a Power Supply/Cooling Module 3Removing a Power Supply/Cooling Module Removing the Module Storage Manager Module 6Removing a Storage Manager Module Insertion/Removal of SFP Modules Battery Replacement 8Storage Manager Module Battery Assembly Location Removal and Replacement Problem Galaxy 65 Subsystem failed the onboard memory test Terminal Emulator and COM Port ProblemsProblem One of the Post diagnostic tests failed Problem Screen continuously puts out garbage characters Problem Screen looks correct, but clock is not being updated Array Critical Event Definition Recommended Action Other WWN SYS Online Fail Errors Summary of Debug Log Capabilities Setting Up and Viewing the Debug LogCollecting Debug Logs Disk Array Administrator on Controller a Utilities Menu Configuring Debug LogsDisk Array Administrator on Controller B Utilities Menu Using SAM to Set Up and View the Debug Log Using the Loader Diagnostics MenuUsing the Disk Array Administrator to Set Up Debug Logging To set up debug logging Understanding Disk-related Errors Using the Loader Utility MenuDisk Errors Sense Key Description Error Code Description Disk Channel ErrorsDescriptions Slow Write Performance Voltage and Temperature Errors and Warnings Upgrading Your LRC I/O Modules Spare Parts and Ancillary Items Switch Function Recommended Definition Number Setting Application RAID level Array Basics RAID 0 Striped Disks Array TypesRAID 1, RAID 10 Mirrored Disks RAID Volume Sets RAID Level Min No. Drives Description Strengths Weaknesses Comparing RAID Levels Array Basics Galaxy 65 User Guide Accessing Disk Array Administrator Software Setting Value SettingValue Accessing DAM Using the Ethernet Port for the First Time Accessing the Disk Array Software Using the Ethernet Port 100 Do this Navigating the Disk Array Administrator SoftwarePress Esc, CTRL-Z, or ← Select Function Changing the Screen Display System Menu Disk Array Administrator Menu Tree 2Menu Tree sheet RAID level Minimum Maximum Number Drives Creating Arrays To create a single-partition array Creating a Single-Partition Array 107 See , Array Basics, on page 89, for more information 109 110 To create a multiple-partition array Creating a Multiple-Partition Array 112 113 114 115 116 Viewing Array Status Viewing Array and Drive Status InformationTo view the status of an array Select Array Status and press Enter To view drive status Viewing Drive Status Select Drive Status and press Enter Stopping the Array Initialization ProcessTo stop the array initialization process Select Abort Initialization and press Enter To add a partition Adding a PartitionSelect Add a Partition and press Enter Galaxy 65 User Guide 123 124 Stopping the Verification Viewing Verification StatusTo view verification status Expanding Array Capacity Reconstructing an ArrayTo stop the verification process Number of drives RAID level Number of drives you can addTo expand an array Select Expand Function and press Enter 128 To view expand status Viewing Expand StatusTo change an array name To change array ownership Select Switch Array Owner and press EnterTo trust an array To delete an array 132 Partition 1 Free space Understanding Partitions Viewing Partition Status From the Array Menu From the All Partitions Menu To view the status of a partitionPartitions Menu and press Enter Enter Viewing Partition Statistics To view the partition statistics Resetting Partition Statistics Expanding a Partition To reset partition statistics To expand a partition To change a partition LUN To change the read-ahead size Enabling or Disabling Write-back Cache To enable or disable write-back cache To view known WWNs 5InfoShield example Select Display Host List and press Enter Select General InfoShield and press Enter To create or change nicknames for WWNs 148 To set up InfoShield Changing All Partitions to Include All Hosts To delete a partition Galaxy 65 User Guide 152 Introduction Monitoring System Status Viewing the Most Recent Event Displaying the Event Log To view one event at a time Viewing One Event at a TimeSelect View Event Log and press Enter To view a whole screen of events Viewing a Whole Screen of Events To capture the event log file Capturing the Event Log To display module status information Displaying Module Status Information Group Field What displays Displaying Hardware Configuration Information Disk To display hardware information only EMP To display hardware and configuration information 163 Select Dump Debug Info and press Enter Displaying Drive Errors Resetting Error Statistics To display drive errors To access the overall array statistics Resetting Overall StatisticsTo access the read/write histogram Managing Spares Adding a Dedicated Spare Managing Dedicated SparesDeleting a Dedicated Spare To add a dedicated spare Enabling Dynamic Spares To enable dynamic spares Managing the Spare Pool Deleting a Spare from the Spare Pool Adding a Spare to the Spare PoolDisplaying the Spare Pool Galaxy 65 User Guide 172 Displaying Drive Information Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures Displaying All Drives To display all drives 176 Clearing Metadata from a Drive Displaying Drive Errors and Resetting Error StatisticsTo clear metadata from a drive To change the write-back cache setting To display disk cache status Displaying Disk Cache Status 180 To enable or disable Smart changes To blink a drive LED from the Drive Utilities Menu Taking Down a DriveTo take down a drive To test a drive Testing a Drive To change the EMP LUN 185 Select the option or number you want to use To change the EMP settings Galaxy 65 User Guide 188 Configuring the Galaxy 65 Subsystem Shutting Down and Restarting the Current SM Module Shutting Down and Restarting the Storage Manager ModuleTo shut down and restart the current SM Select Shutdown/Restart and press Enter Shutting Down the Other SM Module Other Controller Menu Shutting Down Both SM Modules 193 To set an SM module’s time Host channel Description Setting Configuring the Host Channels Target ID To configure the host channels To view LUN information 198 Configuring the FC Disk Channels To configure the FC disk channels 201 VCC voltage Galaxy 65 CPU temperature Voltage Same as above for the VCC voltage To enable or disable the alarm To lock the cache setting Locking the Cache Setting To change the battery setting Select Utility Priority and press Enter To change the utility priority To rescan all channels Rescanning All Channels To pause I/O To restore the default settings Restoring Default Settings Updating the SM, SM Loader and Memory Controller Firmware Updating Firmware Updating LAN Firmware To upgrade the LAN Subsystem’s firmware Configuring the SM for TCP/IP LAN Configuration Configuring the IP Settings Configuring the LAN SettingsTo set the IP address, subnet mask, or gateway Configuring the Telnet Settings Configuring the FTP SettingsTo set the FTP settings To set the Snmp settings To set the Telnet settings To set the contact settings Configuring the Contact Settings To set the Http settings Configuring the Http Settings To reset the LAN Subsystem Resetting the LAN SubsystemSelect Reset LAN Subsystem and press Enter To change any of the security options Galaxy 65 User Guide 220 Glossary 222 223 224 Glossary Small form-factor pluggable SFP Type of connector 227 Galaxy 65 User Guide 228 Index 164 Partitions 31 Disk drives ESD Http LED Number of Drives screen 108 Setting up for SAM 218 SAM 171 Defined 167 Deleting dedicated 168 Deleting pool Stopping the process