Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.

11.6.2 What NAT Does

In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.

The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many- to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping – see Table 57 on page 156), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your AMG1312-T Series filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

11.6.3 How NAT Works

Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The AMG1312-T Series keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.

Figure 75 How NAT Works

LAN

192.168.1.13

192.168.1.12

NAT Table

 

 

Inside Local

 

Inside Global

 

 

 

IP Address

 

IP Address

192.168.1.10

 

IGA 1

192.168.1.11

 

IGA 2

192.168.1.12

 

IGA 3

192.168.1.13

 

IGA 4

 

 

 

 

 

SA

 

 

 

 

SA

 

 

 

 

 

 

192.168.1.10

 

 

 

 

IGA1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WAN

 

 

 

 

Inside Local

Inside

Global

Address (ILA)

Address (IGA)

192.168.1.11 192.168.1.10

11.6.4 NAT Application

The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP alias) behind the AMG1312-T Series can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.

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AMG1312-T Series User’s Guide