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Chapter 8
Numeric Functions

CLEM contains a number of commonly used numeric functions.

Function Result Description
–NUM Number Used to negate NUM. Returns the corresponding number with
the opposite sign.
NUM1 +NUM2 Number Returns the sum of NUM1 and NUM2.
code –NUM2 Number Returns the value of NUM2 subtracted from NUM1.
NUM1 *NUM2 Number Returns the value of NUM1 multiplied by NUM2.
NUM1 /NUM2 Number Returns the value of NUM1 divided by NUM2.
INT1div INT2 Number Used to perform integer division. Returns the value of INT1
divided by INT2.
INT1rem INT2 Number Returnsthe remain der of INT1 divided by INT2. For example,
INT1– (INT1 div INT 2)* INT 2.
INT1mod INT2 Number Thisfunction has been deprecated. Use the rem function
instead.
BASE** POWER Number
Returns BASE raised to the power POWER, where either
may be any number (except that BASE must not be zero if
POWER is zero of any type other than integer 0). If POWER
is an integer,the computati on is performed by successively
multiplying powers of BASE. Thus, if BASE is an integer, the
result will be an integer. If POWER is integer 0, the result is
always a 1 of the same type as BASE. Otherwise, if POWER
is not an integer, the result is computed as exp(POWER *
log(BASE)).
abs(NUM) Number Returnsthe ab solute value of NUM, which is always a number
of the same type.
exp(NUM) Real Returns eraised to the power NUM, where eis the base of
natural logarithms.
fracof(NUM) Real Returns the fractional part of NUM, defined as
NUM–intof(NUM).
intof(NUM) Integer
Truncatesits argument to an integer. Itreturns the integer of
the same sign asN UM andw ith the largest magnitude such
that abs(INT) <= abs(NUM).
log(NUM) Real Returns the natural (base e) logarithm of NUM, which must
not be a zero of any kind.
log10(NUM) Real
Returns the base 10 logarithm of NUM, which must not be
a zero of any kind. This function is defined a s log(NUM) /
log(10).
negate(NUM) Number Used to negate NUM. Returns the corresponding number with
the opposite sign.
round(NUM) Integer Used to round NUM to an integer by taking intof(NUM+0.5) if
NUM is positive or intof(NUM–0.5) if NUM is negative.
sign(NUM) Number
Used to determine the sign of NUM. This operation returns
–1, 0, or 1 if NUM is an integer. If NUM is a real, it returns
–1.0, 0.0, or 1.0, depending on whether NUM is negative,
zero, or positive.
sqrt(NUM) Real Returns the square root of NUM.NUM must be positive.
sum_n(LIST) Number
Returnsth e sum of values from a list of numeric fields or null
ifall of the field valuesare null. For more informatio n, see the
topicSu mmarizing Multiple Fields in Chapter 7 on p. 115.