Primary System Components

Figure 13. Primary-secondary system

CV

Pump

Chillers

CV

Pump

Bypass (Decoupler)

Two-Way

VV

Control

Pump

Valve

 

Load

 

Figure 14. Variable-primary system

VV

Pump

~

Chillers

VV

Pump

~

the series, or another pumping arrangement can be considered. Reducing the flow rate affects this system type’s energy use all the time, so careful attention to flow rates and temperature is critical (refer to “System Design Options” on page 27).

Primary-secondary system

In this configuration (Figure 13), the distribution piping is decoupled from the chiller piping and is known as the primary-secondary or decoupled system. There is constant primary flow through the operating chiller(s) and variable secondary flow through the loads. A bypass pipe between the two balances the primary flow with the secondary flow. Because there are more pumps and a bypass, this system costs more than a constant flow system to install. Details on this system type are in “Primary–Secondary (Decoupled) Systems” on page 45.

Variable-primary system

This pumping arrangement (Figure 14) was made possible in recent years by advanced chiller controls that permit varying the flow through the chillers. Like a constant flow system, the distribution piping is directly connected to the chiller piping. Flow is varied through at least most of the loads and the chillers. A smaller bypass (compared to the primary-secondary system) ensures chiller minimum flow rates are avoided. Fewer pumps and smaller bypass lead to lower first costs compared to the primary-secondary system. Operation costs can also be lower, but the plant is controlled differently than in other pumping arrangements and operator training is essential. This system type is covered in detail in “Variable-Primary-Flow Systems” on page 55.

Minimum Flow Bypass Valve

Two-Way

Control

Valve

Load

SYS-APM001-EN

Condenser-Water System

As in chilled-water distribution systems, condenser-water system piping— most commonly steel, copper, or plastic—is sized to meet a project’s operating pressure, pressure loss, water velocity, and construction cost parameters. Pressure drop through piping and the chiller’s condenser, plus the cooling tower static lift, is overcome by use of a condenser-water pump.

To ensure optimum heat transfer performance, the condenser-heat transfer surfaces must be kept free of scale and sludge. Even a thin deposit of scale can substantially reduce heat transfer capacity and chiller efficiency. Specifics of cooling-tower-water treatment are not discussed in this manual. Engage the services of a qualified water treatment specialist to determine the level of water treatment required to remove contaminants from the cooling tower water.

Cooling tower

To reject heat, water is passed through a cooling tower where a portion of it evaporates, thus cooling the remaining water. A particular cooling tower’s effectiveness at transferring heat depends on water flow rate, water temperature, and ambient wet bulb. The temperature difference between the

Chiller System Design and Control

13

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Trane SYS-APM001-EN manual Condenser-Water System, Cooling tower, Primary-secondary system, Variable-primary system

SYS-APM001-EN specifications

The Trane SYS-APM001-EN is an advanced control system designed for HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) applications, specifically tailored to enhance energy efficiency and system performance. This comprehensive solution integrates cutting-edge technologies to optimize climate control in commercial and industrial environments.

One of the main features of the SYS-APM001-EN is its intuitive user interface. The system is equipped with a large, easy-to-read display that provides real-time data on system performance, energy usage, and environmental conditions. This user-friendly interface makes it simple for operators to monitor and adjust settings, ensuring optimal comfort levels and efficient energy consumption.

Another key characteristic of the SYS-APM001-EN is its advanced data analytics capabilities. The system collects and analyzes data from various sensors throughout the building, providing insights into occupancy patterns, equipment performance, and energy consumption trends. This data-driven approach allows facility managers to make informed decisions about system adjustments, predictive maintenance, and energy savings.

The SYS-APM001-EN also boasts robust integration capabilities. It can seamlessly connect with a variety of building management systems (BMS) and other third-party devices. This interoperability enables a cohesive operational ecosystem where HVAC systems can communicate and cooperate with lighting, security, and fire safety systems, enhancing overall building efficiency.

Energy efficiency is a hallmark of the SYS-APM001-EN, as it implements sophisticated algorithms to optimize system operation. These algorithms adjust equipment performance in real-time based on current conditions, thereby reducing energy waste and lowering operational costs. The system is designed to support multiple energy-saving strategies, including demand-controlled ventilation and optimal start/stop scheduling.

Additionally, the SYS-APM001-EN is built with scalability in mind, accommodating facilities of various sizes and configurations. Whether it’s a small office building or a large industrial complex, the system can be tailored to meet specific needs, ensuring that HVAC performance aligns with operational goals.

In conclusion, the Trane SYS-APM001-EN is an innovative HVAC control solution that emphasizes user experience, data-driven decision-making, and energy efficiency. With its advanced features and technologies, it is an essential tool for optimizing building performance and enhancing occupant comfort while reducing environmental impact.