Trane SYS-APM001-EN manual Contents

Contents

Preface	i
Primary System Components	1
Chiller	1
Loads	7
Chilled-Water Distribution System	10
Condenser-Water System	13
Unit-Level Controls	15
Application Considerations	18
Small Chilled-Water Systems (1-2 chillers)	18
Mid-SizedChilled-Water Systems (3-5 Chillers)	21
Large Chilled-Water Systems (6+ Chillers, District Cooling)	22
Chiller Plant System Performance	24
System Design Options	27
Condenser-Water Temperatures	29
Chilled- and Condenser-Water Flow Rates	29
Cost Implications	38
Misconceptions about Low-Flow Rates	39
System Configurations	42
Parallel Chillers	42
Series Chillers	44
Primary–Secondary (Decoupled) Systems	45
Variable-Primary-Flow Systems	55
Chilled-Water System Variations	70
Heat Recovery	70
Condenser “Free Cooling” or Water Economizer	70
Preferential Loading	73
Series–Counterflow Application	77
Unequal Chiller Sizing	78
System Issues and Challenges	79
Low ΔT Syndrome	79
Amount of Fluid in the Loop	79
Contingency	81
Alternative Energy Sources	82
Plant Expansion	83
Retrofit Opportunities	84
Applications Outside the Chiller’s Range	84

SYS-APM001-EN Chiller System Design and Control iii