For more details on the basic operation and components of a chilled-water system, consult another Trane publication, Chilled-Water Systems, part of the Air Conditioning Clinic Systems Series (TRG-TRC016-EN).

Primary System Components

Chilled-water systems consist of these functional parts:

•Chillers that cool the water or fluid

•Loads, often satisfied by coils, that transfer heat from air to water

•Chilled-water distribution pumps and pipes that send chilled water to the loads

•Condenser-water pumps, pipes, and cooling towers or condenser fans that reject heat from the chiller to ambient air

•Controls that coordinate the operation of the mechanical components together as a system

In most cases, the chiller’s purpose is to make water colder. Some chillers cool a mixture of water and other chemicals, most commonly added to prevent freezing in low-temperature applications. Other additives may be used to modify the properties of the fluid, thereby making it more suitable for its intended application. For the purposes of this manual, the term water can be understood to be any such acceptable fluid, with recognition of the diverse applications in which chillers are used.

The chiller rejects the heat extracted from the chilled water, plus the heat of compression (in the vapor-compression cycle), or the heat of absorption (in the case of an absorption chiller) to either the ambient air (air-cooled) or to another circuit of water (water-cooled). If the compressor-motor is refrigerant cooled, the chiller also rejects heat generated by motor inefficiency. Air-cooled condensers use fans to facilitate cooling by the ambient air. Water-cooled condensers typically use an evaporative cooling tower.

After the water has been chilled, it is distributed via pumps, pipes, and valves (the distribution system) to the loads, where a heat exchanger—for example, a cooling coil in an air-handler—transfers heat from the air to the chilled water, which is returned to the chiller.

Each component of the chilled-water system is explained in more detail in the following sections.

Specific application considerations for absorption chillers are addressed in another Trane publication, Absorption Chiller System Design (SYS-AM-13).

Chiller

There are a variety of water chiller types. Most commonly, they are absorption, centrifugal, helical rotary, and scroll. Some reciprocating chillers are also available. Chillers can be either air- or water-cooled. Major vapor-compression chiller components include an evaporator, compressor(s), condenser, and expansion device(s) (Figure 1). This manual discusses the chiller’s evaporator and condenser and their relationship to the chilled-water system.

SYS-APM001-EN

Chiller System Design and Control

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Trane SYS-APM001-EN manual Primary System Components, Chiller
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SYS-APM001-EN specifications

The Trane SYS-APM001-EN is an advanced control system designed for HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) applications, specifically tailored to enhance energy efficiency and system performance. This comprehensive solution integrates cutting-edge technologies to optimize climate control in commercial and industrial environments.

One of the main features of the SYS-APM001-EN is its intuitive user interface. The system is equipped with a large, easy-to-read display that provides real-time data on system performance, energy usage, and environmental conditions. This user-friendly interface makes it simple for operators to monitor and adjust settings, ensuring optimal comfort levels and efficient energy consumption.

Another key characteristic of the SYS-APM001-EN is its advanced data analytics capabilities. The system collects and analyzes data from various sensors throughout the building, providing insights into occupancy patterns, equipment performance, and energy consumption trends. This data-driven approach allows facility managers to make informed decisions about system adjustments, predictive maintenance, and energy savings.

The SYS-APM001-EN also boasts robust integration capabilities. It can seamlessly connect with a variety of building management systems (BMS) and other third-party devices. This interoperability enables a cohesive operational ecosystem where HVAC systems can communicate and cooperate with lighting, security, and fire safety systems, enhancing overall building efficiency.

Energy efficiency is a hallmark of the SYS-APM001-EN, as it implements sophisticated algorithms to optimize system operation. These algorithms adjust equipment performance in real-time based on current conditions, thereby reducing energy waste and lowering operational costs. The system is designed to support multiple energy-saving strategies, including demand-controlled ventilation and optimal start/stop scheduling.

Additionally, the SYS-APM001-EN is built with scalability in mind, accommodating facilities of various sizes and configurations. Whether it’s a small office building or a large industrial complex, the system can be tailored to meet specific needs, ensuring that HVAC performance aligns with operational goals.

In conclusion, the Trane SYS-APM001-EN is an innovative HVAC control solution that emphasizes user experience, data-driven decision-making, and energy efficiency. With its advanced features and technologies, it is an essential tool for optimizing building performance and enhancing occupant comfort while reducing environmental impact.
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