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HP CommonIO Products Chapter, Data link (L2) and Physical (L1) Levels

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About the X.25 Product

Data link (L2) and Physical (L1) Levels

Data link (L2) and Physical (L1) Levels

At the data link level (level 2), the X.25 link provides the LAP-B (Link Access Procedure-Balanced) protocol. LAP-B is a data link protocol, specified by the 1980 CCITT X.25 recommendations, that determines frame exchange procedures.

At the physical level (level 1), the X.25 link provides support for X.21, X.21bis, and V.35 interfaces (depending on your particular communications hardware). These sets of recommendations define the standards for X.25 at the physical level and apply specifically to connections to a packet switching network. X.21bis (equivalent to V.24 and RS-232) is applicable to X.25 physical interfaces with transmission speeds up to 64 kb/s. V.35, RS-449, X.21, and RS-530 supports transmission speeds up to 2 Mb/s. Other standards may also be supported as they become available.

Chapter 1

Contents

HP X.25/9000 User’s Guide Page 1. About the X.25 Product 2. Installation 3. Configuration 4. OLA/R Overview and Concepts 5. Diagnostic Utilities 6. PAD Services 7. Tracing and Logging Utilities 8. Troubleshooting A. Using Non-EnglishSubscription Forms B. X.25 Configuration Files and Examples C. Diagnostic Messages Page Page Page Page Page Page About the X.25 Product Introduction NOTE Figure X.25 Link Architecture Application (L7), Presentation (L6), and Session (L5) Levels Transport Level (L4) Packet/network Level (L3) Data link (L2) and Physical (L1) Levels Page 2 Installation Before You Install the Software Hardware Requirements Installing Multiple X.25 Interface Cards Hardware Compatibility OS Platform and Version Compatibility Memory Related Parameters Evaluation Formulas Shortcut Method Table Example Example: TM = 9,123,840 (8.7 Mb) Software Requirements Installing the X.25 Link Software Step Type: swinstall 3 Configuration Configuring the X.25 Link Using SMH smh & Using SMH’s On-lineHelp Configuring an X.25 Address Field Descriptions Configuring X.25 Virtual Circuits (VCs) Configuring an Internet Address Configure Internet Address yes Configure Internet Address Field Descriptions IP Address and Default Subnet Masks IP Address Class Default Subnet IP Address and Default Subnet Masks (Continued) Modify IP Over X.25 Defaults Modify IP over X.25 Defaults Field Descriptions Verifying Level 3 Values Verify Level 3 Values Verify Level 3 Values Field Descriptions Page Switched VC Flow Control Field Descriptions Permanent VC Flow Control Field Descriptions Modify Throughput Class Settings Field Descriptions Throughput Classes and Line Speeds Verifying Level 2 Values Page Verify Level 2 Values Field Descriptions Page Configuring Remote System Access Add Internet Connectivity Dialog Add Internet Connectivity Field Descriptions Page Provide X.25 Information Field Descriptions Page Configuring X.25 over LLC2 Configuration Files Additional XOL specific configuration parameters Field Format Value Additional XOL specific configuration parameters (Continued) Example 3-1Sample File with the Old Parameters in the Old Format Example 3-2Sample File with the New Parameters in the New Format LLC2 Configuration Page Page Starting and Stopping Configuration Sample setup and Configuration One Lan and Two Boxes configuration Figure 3-11One LAN, Two Boxes Configuration To connect HOST to BOX To connect HOST to BOX To start and stop above configuration: To Connect Box 0 to HOST To Connect Box 1 to HOST Configuring Two Lans, with One Box Per Lan Figure 3-12Two Lans, One Box per Lan configuration To Configure Host to LAN0 to Box0 To configure Host to LAN 1 to BOX To Start and Stop above configuration: To Connect Box 0 to HOST To Connect Box 1 to HOST Troubleshooting LLC2 Configuration Page Configuring PAD Services Add/Modify PAD Terminal Emulation (Local to Remote) Add/Modify PAD Support Server (Remote to Local) Add/Modify PAD Printers Server Add/Modify UUCP Server Add/Modify X.3 Parameters Page Configuring the High Availability Feature Local Failure: Remote Failure: X.25 Cluster Definition X.25 Commands to be Configured in High Availability Packages Start X.25 link Stop X.25 link Monitor X.25 link X.25 High Availability Configuration Example 3-4One EXAMPLE of Remote Failure Checking the Configuration x25server x25check $ x25check ping command WARNING Configuring the High Availability Feature for X.25 over LLC2 Unique MAC Address Requirement When several highly available XOL interfaces are configured on a given LAN card, failover of all the highly available XOL interfaces to the standby LAN card occurs immediately after one XOL interface fails. This is because the same unique MAC address is used by all XOL interfaces on the given LAN card Configuring XOL HA for Local Failover Without ServiceGuard Figure 3-13Before the Failover After the Failover Configuring Standby Device and Unique MAC Address Remote Failover Configuring XOL HA for Remote Failover Using Service Guard (SG) Figure 3-15Before the Failover XOL Cluster Definition X.25 Commands Used in the SG Package Control Scripts: XOL Package Definition Example 3-6XOL SG package for remote failover Remote Failover with Local Failover Support Using Service Guard Page Remote Failover with Local Failover support Page Page Verifying the X.25 Link OLA/R Overview and Concepts IMPORTANT Important Terms and Concepts Terms used in this section Term Meaning Planning and Preparation Card Compatibility On-LineAddition On-LineReplacement Critical Resources Failover Actions / Single Points of Failure How to On-lineReplace (OLR) a J3525A PCI Card using SMH When performing online replacemant, the stack for all the ports of the interface card under consideration will be stopped before repalcement. They will be restarted after the repalcement. Thus any user application which has open connections will receive Three Possible Critical Resource Analysis (CRA) Outcomes Pressing the “Cancel” button here will prevent you from easily restoring power to this slot (or Power Domain). If this happens you must shut-down,then re-boot,the system to restore power Page How to On-lineAdd (OLA) a J3525A PCI Card using SMH Page Page Page Diagnostic Utilities Using Diagnostic Utilities Available Diagnostic Utilities Utility Description Refer to: Scope of X.25 Diagnostic Utilities Before Using the Diagnostic Utilities x25check and x25server The x25server must be running before you execute x25check interface2 interface3 Example 2: Running x25check With an X.121 Address $ x25check 250207 -iinterface0 -g51 Example 3: Running x25check With a Data Packet $ x25check 250207 -iinterface0 -s32767 -n1 x25stat Example 1: Displaying the Current Configuration x25stat -c -dx25_0 Example 2: Displaying Global Statistics x25stat -dx25_0 x25stat -g -dx25_0 Level 3 State Output on Screen Description/Meaning Level 3 State (Continued) Level 2 Link State Level 1 Link State Statistics for WAN Output Example 3: Displaying Virtual Circuit Data Packet Counters VC State VC State (Continued) Example 4: Displaying Global X.25 Level 3 Statistics x25stat -x -dx25_0 Example 5: Displaying X.25 Level 1 and 2 Statistics x25stat -f -dx25_0 Page Example 6: Displaying Virtual Circuit Status Example 7: Displaying Current IP to X.25 Address Mapping x25mibstat Example Statistics for x25mibstat Statistic x25mibstat Option Remark PAD Services CCITT Recommendations Figure 6-1PAD Support Protocols HOST PAD PAD services and the HP 9000 host Remote PAD Support (x29server) PAD Services as a Pipe Overview Remote PAD Support HP 9000 host Call Acceptance Mechanism and System Security Legal PID in the incoming call request packet Correct interface_name Correct address Supported Remote PAD Terminals Configuring Remote PAD Support Configuring pad_spt Parameters pad_spt Parameters Optional Mandatory Page Launching Applications Automatically Remote PAD Printer Support (x29printd) CAUTION Remote Printer Support System Requirements Configuring Remote PAD Printers Page Configuring the UNIX Line-printerSpooler for x29printd x29printd and lpsched Operation foo /tmp/file interface0 Printer Configuration Verifying the Configuration UUCP Support (x29uucpd) Sending HP Receiving HP Configuring UUCP PAD Support File Contents Configuring the x29hosts file pad_uucp Parameters Page Configuring System and Device Files for UUCP At the “dave” system: -login:uucp word: test bill Any dev_bill \r\d\r\d\r login: -BREAK -login: pad_uucp device bill name interface0 remote_x121 [bill’s X.121_address] default_x3 READ WRITE=/ \COMMANDS=ALL LOGNAME bill# x25server dave# x25check [bill’s X.121 address] dave# /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -x9 -sbill -r1 dave# rm /var/spool/uucp/.Status/bill dave# uucp -r /tmp/filename bill!/tmp/filename Local PAD Emulation (padem) Command Mode Data Transfer Mode Configuring Local PAD Emulation Parameter Descriptions Page Page PAD Commands X.28 PAD Command Set |symad| symad Extended Command Set Page Configuring X.3 Profile Parameters Configuration Set Syntax Parameter Values pad_em pad_em {} Modifying Parameters X.3 Parameter Descriptions Default X.3 Parameters X.3 Parameter Descriptions X.3 Parameter (Continued) Page Baud Rate Page Page Page Page Page Tracing and Logging Utilities Available Tracing and Logging Utilities The Scope of X.25 Tracing and Logging Utilities nettl Syntax Parameters Tracing Masks keyword a mask SX25L2 SX25L3 nettl -tf -eSX25L3 -cx25_1 netfmt /etc/netfmt -v -f /tmp/tracex25.TRC0| more /etc/netfmt -f /tmp/tracex25.TRC0 | more /etc/netfmt -1 -f /tmp/tracex25.TRC0| more Creating a Filter File Filter File Options System/subsystem Type level Filter File family Options Packet types displayed family from DTE to from DCE to DTE Filter File Examples FORMATTER FILTER time_from 10:55:00 7/16/94 FORMATTER FILTER time_through 10:58:00 7/16/94 SX25L3 lci 1 SX25L3 packet data strace Single-portSubnet Interface Codes Card Calculation Sub code (hexadecimal) 7030 + 1 Dual-portSubnet Interface Codes Interface Output Format pri Packet Type Parameters Displayed Frame Type Examples of the strace Command Examples of strace Output record time tics pri Page strerr Page 8 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Your X.25 Link Troubleshooting Commands Command Purpose Refer to Troubleshooting Commands (Continued) Troubleshooting Flowcharts and Procedures [devices] Flowchart Flowchart 2 – Procedures and Notes Note 2-1– x25stat [device] Note 2-2– eisa_config add !HWP19A0.CGF <slot number save quit Flowchart 2 – Initialization Check Contact HP (see Note 2-2) Run X25stat Flowchart 3 – Procedures and Notes before Note 3-1– Hardware Check Flowchart 3 – Hardware Check Flowchart 4 – Procedures and Notes Note 4-1– x25check Note 4-2– Exit Flowchart 4 – X.25 Configuration Check Start x25server Run x25check to x25check Flowchart 5 – Procedures and Notes Note 5-1– ping Note 5-2– Checking your IP over X.25 Configuration Note 5-3– Exit Flowchart 5 – IP Over X.25 Check Recovering From a Power Failure For Systems With a Backup Power Supply For Systems With No Backup Power Supply Reporting Problems x25 stat uname In the event of a system failure, take a full memory dump -l /dev/x29 Back-to-backConfiguration on the Same Host Configuration and Troubleshooting Commands Command Summary Page Examples of x25init IP-to-X.121Address Mapping Table This is a manual procedure that cannot be done in SMH Syntax for SVCs Syntax for PVCs File Mapping Parameters Page Page Using Non-EnglishSubscription Forms Subscription Form Translations Help Table A-1 French TRANSPAC Subscription Form English on SMH dialogs French TRANSPAC Subscription Form (Continued) Table A-2 Using Your ITAPAC (Italian) Subscription Form Italian on subscription form Using Your ITAPAC (Italian) Subscription Form (Continued) Table A-3 Using your DATEX-P(German) Subscription Form German on subscription form Table A-4 Using your IBERPAC (Spanish) Subscription Form (Continued) Page X.25 Configuration Files and Examples X.25 Configuration Files Table B-1 /etc/x25 directory Table B-2 /etc directory /etc directory (Continued) Table B-3 /var/x25/log/x25server directory Table B-4 /var/x25/log directory Example Files The x25init_def File Table B-6 Page Page The x25init_smpl File Table B-7 Page The x3config File Page Page The x29hosts File Table B-8 The Network Type File (x25_networks) Table B-9 Diagnostic Messages Page Diagnostic Message Example Cause Code Settings Packet Codes RESTART Packet Codes RESET/CLEAR Packet Codes X.25 Diagnostic Messages Table C-1 No Additional Information Diagnostic ISO Packet Type Invalid (Continued) Table C-3 Packet Not Allowed Packet Not Allowed (Continued) Table C-4 Timer Expired Timer Expired (Continued) Table C-5 Call Setup, Call Clearing, or Registration Problem Call Setup, Call Clearing, or Registration Problem (Continued) Page Page Table C-6 CATEGORY - Miscellaneous Table C-7 International Problem and Maintenance Table C-8 DTE-SpecificSignals (Continued) Table C-9 OSI Network Service Problem OSI Network Service Problem (Continued) Table C-10 Higher Level Initiated Higher Level Initiated (Continued) Page Symbols