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Jameco Electronics 2000, 3000 manual C.4 Using the System/User Mode, C.4.1 Memory Protection Only

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C.4 Using the System/User Mode

C.4 Using the System/User Mode

The System/User mode is designed to work with new features in the Rabbit 3000A (memory protection, stack protection, etc.) to provide a seamless framework for protection of critical code. However, there are many levels at which the System/User mode can be used; some examples are described here.

C.4.1 Memory Protection Only

At the beginning of the user program, all necessary peripherals are enabled, all peripheral interrupts to be used are set up for the User mode, critical memory regions are protected, stack limits are set, and the various system/memory/stack violation interrupts are enabled. The processor then enters the User mode and remains in the User mode for all operations (interrupts can be handled however the user desires). Obviously the critical interrupts can be handled in the System mode, but at that point the device is typically reset and the error is logged. An overview of this level of operation is shown in Figure C-2.

System Mode		User Mode
Critical		Application
Critical		code
interrupts
	Critical	Interrupts
	Interrupts	Interrupts
	Interrupts

Figure C-2. System/User Mode Setup for Memory Protection Only

324	Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor

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Jameco Electronics 2000, 3000 manual C.4 Using the System/User Mode, C.4.1 Memory Protection Only

Contents

Distributed by User’s Manual Rabbit 3000 MicroprocessorTrademarks Rabbit SemiconductorRabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 2. Rabbit 3000 Design FeaturesChapter 1. Introduction Chapter 4. Rabbit Capabilities Parallel Ports Chapter 14. Rabbit 3000 Clocks Appendix A. The Rabbit Programming Port Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual 1. INTRODUCTIONRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 1.1 Features and Specifications RabbitUser’s Manual There is a built-inwatchdog timer User’s Manual Figure 1-1.Rabbit 3000 Block Diagram1.2 Summary of Rabbit 3000 Advantages Feature 1.3 Differences Rabbit 3000 vs. RabbitRabbit RabbitRabbit FeatureRabbit Serial ports with support for SDLC/HDLC IrDAUser’s Manual 2.RABBIT 3000 DESIGN FEATURESRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 2.2 Overview of On-ChipPeripherals and Features 2.2.1 5 V Tolerant Inputs2.2.2 Serial Ports 2.2.3 System Clock 2.2.4 32.768 kHz Oscillator InputRabbit 3000 Microprocessor Figure 2-2.Digital Filtering Input Pins 2.2.5 Parallel I/OExternal Input Filtered InputRabbit 2.2.6 Slave Port2.2.7 Auxiliary I/O Bus 2.2.8 TimersFigure 2-4.Rabbit Timers A and B 2.2.9 Input Capture Channels2.2.10 Quadrature Encoder Inputs 2.2.11 Pulse Width Modulation OutputsUser’s Manual 2.3 Design Standards 2.2.13 Separate Core and I/O Power Pins2.2.12 Spread Spectrum Clock 2.3.1 Programming Port2.4 Dynamic C Support for the Rabbit 2.3.2 Standard BIOSRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 3.1Processor Registers 3.DETAILS ON RABBIT MICROPROCESSOR FEATURESRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 3.2 Memory Mapping Figure 3-3.Example of Memory Mapping Operation Figure 3-4 shows a memory interface unit Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 3.2.1 Extended Code SpaceCompiler inserts Compiler notices thatcode has passed F000 long jump in codexpc window stack 3.2.3 Using the Stack Segment for Data Storage 3.2.4 Practical Memory Considerations Data RAM Root CodeData RAM Root Code User’s Manual 3.3 Instruction Set Outline User’s Manual 3.3.1 Load Immediate Data to a Register3.3.3 Load or Store Data Using an Index Register 3.3.4 Register-to-RegisterMove 3.3.5 Register ExchangesUser’s Manual 3.3.7 16-bitArithmetic and Logical Ops 3.3.6 Push and Pop InstructionsUser’s Manual extend sign of l to HL User’s Manual 3.3.8 Input/Output Instructions3.4.1 Zero HL in 4 Clocks 3.4.2Exchanges Not Directly Implemented3.4.3 Manipulation of Boolean Variables User’s Manual 3.4.4 Comparisons of Integerstest for 3.4.5 Atomic Moves from Memory to I/O Space 3.5.1 Interrupt Priority 3.5 Interrupt StructureProcessor IPSET 1, IPSET 2, IPSETPriority Effect on Interrupts3.5.2 Multiple External Interrupting Devices LD SP,HL LD SP,IY LD SP,IXLD SP,HL IOI LD sseg,a 3.5.4 Critical Sections 3.5.5 Semaphores Using Bit B,HL3.5.6 Computed Long Calls and Jumps 4.1 Precisely Timed Output Pulses 4.RABBIT CAPABILITIESRabbit 2000 Microprocessor 4.2 Open-DrainOutputs Used for Key Scan Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor 4.3 Cold BootUser’s Manual 4.4 The Slave PortRabbit 2000 Microprocessor 4.4.1 Slave Rabbit As A Protocol UARTUser’s Manual 5.PIN ASSIGNMENTS AND FUNCTIONS5.1 LQFP Package 5.1.1 PinoutRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 16.00 ± 0.25 mm 5.1.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Land Pattern14.00 ± 0.10 mm 14.00 ± 0.10 mmToe Fillet TOLERANCE AND SOLDER JOINT ANALYSISHeel Fillet Side Fillet5.2.1 Pinout 5.2 Ball Grid Array PackageA B C D E F G H J K L M User’s ManualTable 5-2.Ball and Land Size Dimensions 5.2.2 Mechanical Dimensions and Land Patternall dimensions in mm Table 5-3.Design ConsiderationsUser’s Manual Figure 5-5.BGA Package OutlineTOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEWTable 5-1.Rabbit Pin Descriptions 5.3 Rabbit Pin DescriptionsTable 5-1.Rabbit Pin Descriptions continued Figure 5-6.Bus Timing Read and Write 5.4 Bus TimingTable 5-2.Pins With Alternate Functions 5.5 Description of Pins with Alternate FunctionsTable 5-2.Pins With Alternate Functions continued Table 5-3.Parallel Port x Alternate Functions 5.6 DC Characteristics Table 5-6.3.3 Volt DC CharacteristicsTable 5-5.Rabbit 3000 Absolute Maximum Ratings User’s Manual 5.7 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking LimitRabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual 6.RABBIT INTERNAL I/O REGISTERSISR Starting Address On-ChipPeripheralTable 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers ResetRegister Name MnemonicTable 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers continued Port E Bit 7 Register Table 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers continuedPWM MSB 0 Register Table 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers continuedTable 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers continued Timer A Time Constant 5 RegisterSerial Port D Address Register Table 6-2.Rabbit Internal I/O Registers continued7.1Processor Identification 7.MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONSMain Clock 7.2 Rabbit Oscillators and Clocks32.768 kHz Clock RabbitTable 7-6.Clock Select Field of GCSR Table 7-5.Global Control/Status RegisterTable 7-7.Global Clock Double Register 7.3 Clock DoublerOscillator Oscillator delayed and inverted User’s Manual 7.4 Clock Spectrum Spreader User’s Manual 7.5 Chip Select Options for Low PowerGPSCR Global Power Save Control RegisterAddress = 0x0D Bits32 kHz Figure 7-4.Short Chip Select Memory ReadADDR Valid7.6 Output Pins CLK, STATUS, /WDTOUT, /BUFEN User’s Manual 7.7 Time/Date Clock Real-TimeClockTable 7-10. Real-TimeClock RTCxR Data Registers 7.8 Watchdog Timer 0x51 User’s Manual 7.9 System ResetPost-Reset† RESET LowPin Name Direction7.10 Rabbit Interrupt Structure Priority Interrupt SourceAction Required to Clear the Interrupt 7.10.1 External Interrupts Reg Address Reg NameBits 7,6 Bits 5,4User’s Manual 7.11 Bootstrap OperationRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 7.12 Pulse Width Modulator Table 7-18.PWM MSB x Register Table 7-17.PWM LSB x RegisterTimer A8 7.13 Input CaptureCPT input InterruptRabbit 3000 Microprocessor Input Capture Control/Status Register Table 7-19.Input Capture Control/Status RegisterICCSR Address =Table 7-21.Input Capture Trigger x Register Table 7-20.Input Capture Control RegisterTable 7-22.Input Capture Source x Register Table 7-23.Input Capture LSB x RegisterTable 7-24.Input Capture MSB x Register I input 7.14 Quadrature DecoderQ input Counter 00Rejected AcceptedUser’s Manual QDCSR Quad Decode Control/Status RegisterAddress = BitsTable 7-27.Quadrature Decoder Count Register Table 7-26.Quadrature Decoder Control RegisterRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 8.1Interface for Static Memory Chips 8.MEMORY INTERFACE AND MAPPINGFigure 8-2.Typical Memory Chip Connection Rabbit8.3 Memory-MappingUnit 8.2 Memory Mapping OverviewProcessor Memory Mapping UnitPage User’s Manual 8.4 Memory Interface Unit8.5 Memory Bank Control Registers MMU Instruction/Data Register Table 8-4.MMU Instruction/Data Register MMIDR =MMIDR Address =Table 8-5.MMU Expanded Code Register MECR = Breakpoint/Debug Control Register 8.6 Allocation of Extended Code and DataBDCR Address = 0x01CBits 7:5 8.7 Instruction and Data Space SupportCombined I & D 64k+4*n User’s Manual 8.8 How the Compiler Compiles to MemoryRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 9. PARALLEL PORTS 9.1 Parallel Port A 9.2 Parallel Port B 9.3 Parallel Port C Table 9-5.Parallel Port C RegistersTable 9-6.Parallel Port C Register Bit Functions Table 9-7.Parallel Port D Registers 9.4 Parallel Port DPD3 PD0 perclk/2 Timer A1 Timer B1 Timer B2 perclk/2 Timer A1 Timer B1 Timer B2Figure 9-1.Parallel Port D Block Diagram I/O DataTable 9-9.Parallel Port D Control Register adr = Table 9-8.Parallel Port D Register functions•PDDR—ParallelPort D data register. Read/Write 9.5 Parallel Port E Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor Table 9-10.Parallel Port E RegistersTable 9-12.Parallel Port E Control Register adr = Table 9-11.Parallel Port E Register functions9.6 Parallel Port F Table 9-13.Parallel Port F RegistersTable 9-14.Parallel Port F Register Functions User’s Manual 9.6.1 Using Parallel Port A and Parallel Port F• Full Functionality • Parallel Inputs• Parallel Outputs • Parallel Inputs, PWM, Serial Port ClocksTable 9-16.Parallel Port G Registers 9.7 Parallel Port GTable Parallel Port G Control Register adr= 0x04CRabbit 3000 Microprocessor ADDR write data write strobe 10.I/O BANK CONTROL REGISTERST1 Tw T2 read data read strobe chip select strobeTable 10-1.I/O Bank x Control Register Port E Control RegisterI/O Address I/O AddressRabbit 3000 Microprocessor Figure 11-1.Block Diagram of Timers A and B 11. TIMERS11.1 Timer A 11.1.1 Timer A I/O Registers Timer A Capabilities Table 11-3.Timer A Control and Status RegisterTable A4 interrupt disabled Table 11-5.Timer A Prescale Register Table 11-4.Timer A Control RegisterUser’s Manual 11.1.2 Practical Use of Timer A11.2 Timer B Table 11-8.Timer B Control Register Table 11-7.Timer B Control and Status RegisterTable 11-10.Timer B Count LSB x Registers Table 11-9.Timer B Count MSB x RegistersTable 11-11.Timer B Count MSB Register Table 11-12.Timer B Count LSB Register11.2.1 Using Timer B Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor Table 12-1.Serial Port Signals 12.RABBIT SERIAL PORTSCLKA Timer A4 Serial Port A TXA User’s Manual 12.1 Serial Port Register Layout User’s Manual Table 12-2.Serial Port A Registers 12.2 Serial Port RegistersTable 12-3.Serial Port B Registers Table 12-4.Serial Port C RegistersTable 12-5.Serial Port D Registers Table 12-6.Serial Port E RegistersTable 12-7.Serial Port F Registers Table 12-9.Address Register All Ports Table 12-8.Data Register All PortsTable 12-10.Long Stop Register All Ports Serial Port x Status Register Serial Port x Status Register SESR Serial Port x Status RegisterAddress = 0xCB SFSRSACR Serial Port x Control RegisterAddress = 0xC4 SBCRSCCR Serial Port x Control RegisterAddress = 0xE4 SDCRSECR Serial Port x Control RegisterAddress = 0xCC SFCRSerial Port x Extended Register Normal clocked serial operation Normal HDLC data encoding 12.3 Serial Port Interrupt Transmitter IRQRequest Interrupt Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 12.4 Transmit Serial Data Timing12.5 Receive Serial Data Timing 12.6 Clocked Serial Ports User’s Manual Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 12.7 Clocked Serial Timing 12.7.1 Clocked Serial Timing With Internal Clock12.7.2 Clocked Serial Timing with External Clock CLKA perclkValid Rabbit 3000 MicroprocessorUser’s Manual 12.8 Synchronous Communications on Ports E and FValid Data Hits Last Byte Bit PatternUser’s Manual Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual 12.9 Serial Port Software Suggestions 12.9.1 Controlling an RS-485Driver and Receiver 12.9.2 Transmitting Dummy CharactersUser’s Manual 12.9.3 Transmitting and Detecting a Break stop bit 7 12.9.9 Rabbit-OnlyMaster/Slave Protocol 12.9.8 Supporting 9th Bit Communication Protocols12.9.10 Data Framing/Modbus Rabbit 3000 MicroprocessorUser’s Manual Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor SD0-SD7 13.RABBIT SLAVE PORTSlave Port Write Cycle Slave Port Read CycleSA1, SA0 SRD SD7:0Parameter SymbolMinimum MaximumMaster writes SPD0R Master Rabbit ResetFirst Slave Rabbit D0–D7Table 13-1.Slave Port Registers 13.2 Slave Port RegistersThe functionality of the bits is as follows Table 13-3.Slave Port Status Register SPSR adr = 13.3.1 Slave ApplicationsUser’s Manual 13.3.2 Master-SlaveMessaging ProtocolRabbit 3000 Microprocessor Figure 14-1.Rabbit 3000 Main Oscillator Circuit 14.RABBIT 3000 CLOCKSRabbit 3000 Microprocessor 14.1 Low-PowerDesignUser’s Manual 15. EMI CONTROL15.2 Using the Clock Spectrum Spreader 15.1 Power Supply Connections and Board LayoutTable 15-2.Spread Spectrum Mode Select Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 16.1 Memory Access Time 16.AC TIMING SPECIFICATIONSdelay CLK A19:0 CSx WEx D7:0D7:0 Tsetup•T = -40Cto 85C, V = 3.3 CLK A19:0 CSx WEx D7:0 D7:0Tsetup CLK A19:0Example Max. delay @ 2.5 V = 7.6 + 1.67n - Min. delay @ 3.3 V = 3.7 + 0.75n -Min. delay @ 2.5 V = 4.7 + 1.03n - Max. delay @ 1.8 V = 12.2 + 2.7n -•Clock = 29.49 MHz •T = 34 ns ExampleCLK A15:0 16.2 I/O Access TimeIOCSx IORDThe following I/O read time delays were measured User’s Manual 16.3 Further Discussion of Bus and Clock TimingOscillator Oscillator delayed and inverted 16.4 Maximum Clock Speeds Figure 16-8.External Oscillator Buffer +3.3 XTALA1User’s Manual 16.5 Power and Current Consumptionenlarged view over 0–16MHz range 32MHz and 1.4 µA at 2 kHz Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 16.6 Current Consumption MechanismsItotal µA = 0.32 × V × f + 0.23 × Vc × f + 5 × Vc 16.7 Sleepy Mode Current Consumption16.8 Memory Current Consumption 16.9 Battery-BackedClock Current Consumption Design Recommendations 16.10 Reduced-PowerExternal Main Oscillator17.RABBIT BIOS AND VIRTUAL DRIVER 17.1 The BIOS17.1.1 BIOS Services 17.2.2 Watchdog Timer Support 17.1.2 BIOS Assumptions17.2 Virtual Driver 17.2.1 Periodic InterruptUser’s Manual Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor 18.OTHER RABBIT SOFTWARE 18.1Power Management Support18.2.1 Using Assembly Language 18.2.2 Using Library Functions18.2 Reading and Writing I/O Registers 18.3 Shadow Registers 18.3.1 Updating Shadow Registers18.3.2 Interrupt While Updating Registers 18.3.2.2 Non-atomicInstructions 18.4 Timer and Clock UsageThe format of the structure used is the following Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor Summary 19.RABBIT INSTRUCTIONSALTD “A” Column Symbol Key Spreadsheet ConventionsIOI and IOE “I” Column Symbol Key Flag Register KeyRabbit SymbolsZ180 Meaning19.2 Load & Store to Immediate Address 19.1 Load Immediate Data19.3 8-bitIndexed Load and Store 19.4 16-bitIndexed Loads and Stores19.5 16-bitLoad and Store 20-bitAddress 19.6 Register to Register MovesUser’s Manual 19.7 Exchange Instructions 19.8 Stack Manipulation Instructions19.9 16-bitArithmetic and Logical Ops User’s Manual 19.10 8-bitArithmetic and Logical Ops19.12 8-bitIncrement and Decrement 19.118-bitBit Set, Reset and Test19.13 8-bitFast A Register Operations 19.14 8-bitShifts and RotatesUser’s Manual 19.16 Block Move Instructions 19.15 Instruction Prefixes19.17 Control Instructions - Jumps and Calls 19.18 Miscellaneous InstructionsUser’s Manual 19.19 Privileged Instructions 20.DIFFERENCES RABBIT VS. Z80/Z180 INSTRUCTIONS Rabbit Instructions to Use Z80/Z180 Instructions DroppedIOI and IOE “I” Column Symbol Key ALTD “A” Column Symbol KeySpreadsheet Conventions Flag Register KeyBit select SymbolsInstruction Instruction Instruction Instruction Instruction Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor APPENDIX A. THE RABBIT PROGRAMMING PORT Rabbit LQFP pins are shown in parenthesisPROGRAMMING PORT PIN ASSIGNMENTS Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor A.2 Alternate Programming PortA.3 Suggested Rabbit Crystal Frequencies •spectrum spreader set to normal•doubler in use 52/48 duty cycle, and Table A-1.Preliminary Crystal Frequencies Memory Access Times, and Baud RatesUser’s Manual APPENDIX B. RABBIT 3000 REVISIONSRabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual Rabbit B.1 Discussion of Fixes and ImprovementsRabbit DescriptionReset B.1.1 Rabbit Internal I/O RegistersRegister Name MnemonicExternal Interrupt User Enable Register Global Power Save Control Register B.1.2 Peripheral and ISR Address and Interrupt Service VectorsTable B-4.Rabbit 3000 I/O Address Ranges Table B-4.Rabbit 3000 I/O Address Ranges and Interrupt Service Vectors continued continuedProcessor Revision B.1.3 Revision-LevelID RegisterPackage GCPUUser’s Manual B.1.4 System/User ModeB.1.5 Memory Protection Write Protect Low Register Table B-7.Write Protect Low RegisterWPLR Address =Table B-9.Write Protect Segment x Register Table B-8.Write Protect High RegisterWrite Protect Segment x Low Register Table B-10.Write Protect Segment x Low RegisterWPSALR Address =Write Protect Segment x High Register Table B-11.Write Protect Segment x High RegisterWPSAHR Address =B.1.6 Stack Protection Table B-12.Stack Limit Control Register Table B-13.Stack Low Limit RegisterTable B-14.Stack High Limit Register Table B-15.RAM Segment Register B.1.7 RAM Segment RelocationTable B-17.Secondary Watchdog Timer Register B.1.8 Secondary Watchdog TimerLDDSR B.1.9 New OpcodesLDISR LSDRLDIR LDDRLSDR LSIRTable B-20.MMU Instruction/Data Register B.1.10 Expanded I/O Memory AddressingB.1.11 External I/O Improvements Table B-21I/O Bank x Control Register Table B-22.Global Power Save Control Register B.1.12 Short Chip Select Timing for WritesTable B-24.Clock Select Field of GCSR Table B-23.Global Control/Status RegisterUser’s Manual B.1.12.2 Short Chip Select Timingo s c illa to r oscillator 32 kHz 32 kHz clock 32 kHzADDR ValidUser’s Manual oscillator oscillator 32KkHz User’s Manual 32 kHz Figure B-21.PWM Interrupt and Output Timing B.1.13 Pulse Width Modulator ImprovementsTable B-26.PWM LSB 1 Register Table B-25.PWM LSB 0 RegisterPWM LSB x Register Table B-27.PWM LSB 2 and 3 RegistersPWL2R Address = 0x008CB.1.14 Quadrature Decoder Improvements Table B-28.Quadrature Decoder Control RegisterTable B-29.Quadrature Decoder Count High Register I input User’s ManualQ input Cnt 8 bitB.2 Pins with Alternate Functions APPENDIX C. SYSTEM/USER MODE System ModeUser Mode C.1 System/User Mode Opcodes Table C-3.System/User Mode I/O Registers C.2 System/User Mode RegistersTable C-4.I/O Addresses Inaccessible in User Mode C.3 Interrupts INTERRUPT UNDER SYSTEM CONTROLINTERRUPT UNDER USER CONTROL Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor C.3.1 Peripheral Interrupt PrioritizationPriority Interrupt SourceAction required to clear the interrupt C.4.1 Memory Protection Only C.4 Using the System/User ModeUser’s Manual C.4.2 Mixed System/User Mode OperationC.4.3 Complete Operating System InterruptSYSCALL APPENDIX D. RABBIT 3000A INTERNAL I/O REGISTERS Table D-1Rabbit 3000A Internal I/O Registers Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor I/O Bank User Enable Register Port D Bit 2 Register I/O Bank 2 Control Register Interrupt 0 Control Register Serial Port B Address Register Rabbit 3000 Microprocessor User’s Manual NOTICE TO USERSPage Numerics INDEXPage TATxR