Analog Control and Operation, Important Notice | RoboteQ AX3500

Analog Control and Operation

Mode Description

SECTION 13

Analog Control and Operation

This section describes how the motors may be operated using analog voltage commands.

Mode Description

The AX3500 can be configured to use a 0 to 5V analog voltage, typically produced using a potentiometer, to control each of its two motor channels. The voltage is converted into a digital value of -127 at 0V, 0 at 2.5V and +127 at 5V. This value, in turn, becomes the com- mand input used by the controller. This command input is subject to deadband threshold and exponentiation adjustment. Analog commands can be used to control motors sepa- rately (one analog input command for each motor) or in mixed mode.

Important Notice

The analog mode can only be used in the Closed Loop speed or position modes when Optical Encoders are used for feedback. Position potentiometers or tachome- ters cannot be used since there is only one analog input per channel and since this this input will be connected to the command potentiometer.

AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual

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RoboteQ Analog Control and Operation, Important Notice, Mode Description, AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual

Contents

AX3500 Dual Channel High Power Digital Motor ControllerUser’s Manual Version 1.9b. June 1 AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Version Revision HistoryRevision History Date Version 1.9b. June 1 Revision History General Operation SECTION SECTIONSECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION Programming using built-in Switches and Display Version 1.9b. June 1 Warnings Important SafetyAvoid Shorts when Mounting Board against Chassis Do not Connect to a RC Radio with a Battery Attached Important Safety Warnings What you will need Locating the Switches and ConnectorsAX3500 Quick Start AX3500 Quick Start Connecting to the Batteries and Motors Connecting to the Batteries and Motors RC Mode Connecting to the 15-pin ConnectorImportant Warning Signal Powering On the Controller Connecting the R/C RadioConnecting the R/C Radio Prog and Set button status Button OperationFunction Parameter Default Controller ConfigurationDefault Controller Configuration Default Values Connecting the controller to your PC using Roborun Obtaining the Controller’s Software Revision Number Obtaining the Controller’s Software Revision Number = Software version 1.9b Exploring further Product Description SECTION 3AX3500 Motor Controller Overview AX3500 Motor Controller Overview Technical featuresMultiple Command Modes Automatic Joystick Command Corrections Optical Encoder Inputs Technical featuresLow Power Consumption High Efficiency Motor Power Outputs Data Logging Capabilities Advanced Safety FeaturesCompact Open Frame PCB Design Power Connections Connecting Power and Motors to the ControllerPower Connections Connecting Power and Motors to the Controller Controller Power mended Off Configuration Controller PowerPower Control input is And Main Battery Powering the Controller from a single Battery Controller Powering Schemes Controller Powering Schemes Powering the Controller Using a Main and Backup Battery Connecting the Motors Converting the AX3500 to Single Channel Single Channel OperationSingle Channel Operation Power Fuses Wire Length Limits Wire Length LimitsPower Regeneration Considerations Electrical Noise Reduction Techniques Undervoltage Protection Overvoltage Protection Using the Controller with a Power Supply Using the Controller with a Power Supply AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Basic Operation Input Command ModesGeneral Operation Basic Operation General Operation Selecting the Motor Control ModesOpen Loop, Separate Speed Control Open Loop, Mixed Speed Control Close Loop Position Control Closed Loop Speed ControlSelecting the Motor Control Modes Setting User Selected Current Limit SettingsTemperature-Based Current Limitation Position Feedback Position Sensor Gear box Temperature Battery Current vs. Motor CurrentBattery Current vs. Motor Current Motor Current = Battery Current / PWM ratio Motor Current = Battery Current / PWM Ratio Regeneration Current Limiting Programmable Acceleration Programmable AccelerationSetting Using Switches 0.089 second Command Control Curves15 Hex 17.97% Selected Curve Left / Right Tuning AdjustmentLeft / Right Tuning Adjustment Exponentiation Parameter Value Parameter Value Speed Adjustment Activating Brake Release or Separate Motor Excitation Emergency Shut Down Using Controller SwitchesEmergency Stop using External Switch Activating Brake Release or Separate Motor Excitation Inverted Operation Special Use of Accessory Digital InputsUsing the Inputs to Activate the Buffered Output Using the Inputs to turn Off/On the Power MOSFET transistors Self-Test Mode Self-Test Mode Encoder Speed or Position AX3500 Connections Connecting Sensors and Actuators to Input/OutputsAX3500 Connections Connecting Sensors and Actuators to Input/Outputs AX3500’s Inputs and Outputs I/O type AX3500’s Inputs and OutputsActivated Input or Pin1I/O List and Pin Assignment Signal depending Connecting devices to Output C Connecting devices to Output C Important warning Connecting Switches or Devices to Input F Connecting Switches or Devices to EStop/Invert Input Connecting Switches or Devices to EStop/Invert Input Analog Inputs Connecting Position Potentiometers to Analog Inputs Operating Mode Connecting Tachometer to Analog InputsConnecting Tachometer to Analog Inputs Ana2 Ana 4 p8 Ana 1 p11Ana2 p10 Ana 3 p12 Resistance kOhm Connecting External Thermistor to Analog InputsConnecting External Thermistor to Analog Inputs Temp oC Using the Analog Inputs to Monitor External Voltages Connecting User Devices to Analog Inputs Connecting User Devices to Analog InputsInternal Voltage Monitoring Sensors Internal Heatsink Temperature Sensors Value Temperature Conversion C Source CodeAnalog HiTemp = LoTemp + 5 lobound = TempTablei hibound = TempTablei+1 Internal Heatsink Temperature Sensorselse LoTemp = i * 5 AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual RC Pulse Output Overview RC Pulses OutputRC Pulse Output Overview RC Pulses Output Connector Location and PinoutConnecting Servos to Controllers Servo Connection to RevA Controllers Servo Connection to RevB Controllers Connecting to Slave ControllersConnecting to Slave Controllers 1.50ms Pulse Timing InformationCommand Value Pulse Width 1.00ms RC Channel Testing Using the PC Utility RC Channel Testing Using the PC Utility AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Optical Incremental Encoders Overview Connecting and Using the Encoder FunctionOptical Incremental Encoders Overview Connecting and Using the Encoder Function Recommended Encoder Types Connecting the Encoder Connecting the EncoderPulse Frequency in Hz = RPM / 60 * PPR Cable Color Cable Length and Noise ConsiderationsMotor - Encoder Polarity Matching Name Voltage Levels, Thresholds and Limit Switches Voltage Levels, Thresholds and Limit Switches Wiring Optional Limit Switches Motor 1 Fwd Wiring Limit Switches Without EncodersEffect of Limit Switches Wiring Limit Switches Without Encoders Motor 2 Rev Using the Encoder Module to Measure DistanceUsing the Encoder to Measure Speed Motor 2 Fwd Important Notice Using the Encoder to Track PositionUsing the Encoder to Track Position Distance = Destination - Counter value / Divider The actual formula is as follows RS232 Communication with the Encoder Module Encoder Testing and Setting Using the PC UtilityRS232 Communication with the Encoder Module AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Mode Description Closed Loop Position ModeMode Description Selecting the Position Mode Closed Loop Position Mode Position Sensor SelectionSensor Mounting Position Feedback Position Sensor Gear box Feedback Potentiometer wiring in RC or RS232 Mode Feedback Potentiometer wiringFeedback Potentiometer wiring Feedback Potentiometer wiring in Analog Mode Analog Feedback on Single Channel Controllers Feedback Wiring in RC or RS232 Mode on Single Channel ControllersFeedback Wiring in Analog Mode on Single Channel Controllers Analog Feedback on Single Channel Controllers Sensor and Motor Polarity Using Optical Encoders in Position Mode Encoder Error Detection and Protection Important Safety WarningEncoder Error Detection and Protection Adding Safety Limit Switches FIGURE 62. Safety limit switches interrupting power to motors Control Loop Description Using Current Limiting as ProtectionUsing Current Limiting as Protection PID tuning in Position Mode Applied Power = Command Value - Actual Position * Proportional Gain PID tuning in Position Mode AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Selecting the Speed Mode Closed Loop Speed Mode Closed Loop Speed Mode Using Optical Encoder for Speed FeedbackDigital Optical EncodTachometer wiring Tachometer or Encoder Mounting Speed Sensor and Motor Polarity Speed Sensor and Motor Polarity Adjust Offset and Max Speed PID tuning in Speed Mode PID tuning in Speed Mode In Speed Mode, the Integral component of the PID is the most important and must be set first. The Proportional and Differential component will help improve the response time and loop stability Use of the LED Display Normal and Fault Condition LED MessagesUse of the LED Display Motor Motor Direction StatusNormal and Fault Condition LED Messages Possible Display Rapidly Flashing Fault MessagesNo Control Fault Messages Permanent Faults Temporary FaultsSelf-Test Display Self-Test Display = Software version 1.9b AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual SECTION 12 R/C Operation R/C Operation Connector I/O Pin Assignment R/C ModeSelecting the R/C Input Mode Pin1 Supplied Cable Description R/C Input Circuit DescriptionR/C Input Circuit Description FIGURE 74. RC Cable wiring diagram Powering the Radio from the controllerFIGURE 75. RC connection cable Powering the Radio from the controller Operating the Controller in R/C mode Connecting to a Separately Powered Radio Reception Watchdog Reception Watchdog R/C Transmitter/Receiver Quality Considerations Important Notice about PCM Radios Deadband as Percent of full Joystick Travel Joystick Deadband ProgrammingJoystick Deadband Programming Deadband Parameter Value Joystick Calibration Left/Right Tuning Adjustment Automatic Joystick Calibration Automatic Joystick Calibration On before entering joystick calibration Data Logging in R/C Mode DB15 Male Data Logging in R/C ModeTo Controller AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Analog Control and Operation Analog Control and Operation Connector I/O Pin Assignment Analog Mode Connecting a Potentiometer Connecting to a Voltage SourceConnecting to a Voltage Source Selecting the Potentiometer Value Analog Deadband Adjustment Motor Power at 0% Power-On SafetyUnder Voltage Safety Data Logging in Analog Mode Data Logging in Analog Mode AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Use and benefits of RS232 Serial RS-232 Controls and OperationUse and benefits of RS232 Serial RS-232 Controls and Operation Connector I/O Pin Assignment RS232 Mode Extending the RS232 Cable Cable configurationCable configuration 9600 bits/s, 7-bit data, 1 Start bit, 1 Stop bit, Even Parity Communication SettingsEstablishing Manual Communication with a PC Establishing Manual Communication with a PC RS232 Communication with the Encoder ModuleRoboteq v1.9b 06/01/07 s Data Logging String in R/C or Analog mode Entering RS232 from R/C or Analog mode Command Error Commands Acknowledge and Error MessagesRS232 Mode if default Command Acknowledgement Type Controller Commands and QueriesRS-232 Watchdog Command Controller Commands and Queries Set Motor Command ValueSet Accessory Output Query Power Applied to Motors Syntax Query Amps from Battery to each Motor Channel ?m or ?M Query Analog InputsQuery Heatsink Temperatures ?r or ?R Examples Query Battery VoltagesReset Controller Query Digital Inputs Read parameter Accessing & Changing Configuration Parameter in FlashApply Parameter Changes Accessing & Changing Configuration Parameter in Flash Location Flash Configuration Parameters ListActive after After Reset Input Control ModeMotor Control Mode Access Acceleration Amps LimitDefinition Input Switches Function 08 - Channel Left/Right AdjustRC Joystick or Analog Deadband Exponentiation on Channel 1 and Channel 0C - Encoder Default Encoder Time Base 1 andDefault Encoder Distance Divider 0B - Encoder 10 - Integral Gain Default PID GainsJoystick Min, Max and Center Values 0F - Proportional Gain Reading & Changing Operating Parameters at Runtime Reading & Changing Operating Parameters at Runtime 80 - Channel Operating Modes RegistersRead/Change PID Values Access Read/Write Effective Instantly Fault Condition PWM Frequency RegisterController Status Register Address Access Read/Write Effective Instantly 8B - Channel Controller Identification RegisterCurrent Amps Limit Registers Model or Function RS232 Encoder Command Set RS232 Encoder Command SetSet/Reset Encoder Counters and Destination Registers Read Encoder Counter 8 Set Encoder 2 destination register with value in buffer Read Speedq or !Q n 7 Set Encoder 1 destination register with value in buffer Read Distance Read Encoder Limit Switch StatusRead Speed/Distance n Value Important NoteRead / Modify Encoder Module Registers and Parameters Switch Size Parameter Description Address *84 Switch StatusRegister Description Encoder Hardware ID code Destination Register 1 and Speed or Distance 1 orCounter Read/Write Mailbox Counter 1 and Encoder Threshold Distance 1 andSpeed 1 and Time Base 1 and Counter Read Data Format Counter Read Data FormatRC Pulse Outputs Activation Default Value 32-bit Hex DecimalController Output Automatic Switching from RS232 to RC Mode Automatic Switching from RS232 to RC Mode Analog and R/C Modes Data Logging String Format 00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 AA BB CCData Logging Cables Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table Version 1.9b. June 1 Programming using built-in Switches and Display SECTION 15 Configuring the Controller using the SwitchesProgramming Methods Configuring the Controller using the Switches Entering Programming ModeProgram The Special Case of Joystick Calibration Changing parametersProgramming using built-in Switches and Display This manual is for software version 1.9b Restoring factory defaultsExiting the Parameter Setting Mode Programmable Parameters List Programmable Parameters List Possible Values defaultFor safety reasons, the modes below cannot be selected using the switches Letter Downloading and Installing the Utility SECTION 16 Using the Roborun Configuration UtilitySystem Requirements Using the Roborun Configuration Utility Connecting the Controller to the PC 2- Controller and Communication Link Information Roborun Frame, Tab and Menu DescriptionsRoborun Frame, Tab and Menu Descriptions 1- Program Revision Number 5- View Controller Connector Pinout Getting On-Screen Help3- Parameter Selection and Setting and Special Functions 4- File and Program Management Commands 1- Controller Input Control SettingsLoading, Changing Controller Parameters Loading, Changing Controller Parameters 5- Effect of Digital Inputs Power Settings3- Input Command Adjustment 4- Emergency Stop or Invert Switch Select 1- Deadband Analog or R/C Specific SettingsLoading, Changing Controller Parameters 2- Left/Right Adjust 3- Acceleration Setting Closed Loop Parameters Encoder Setting and Testing Encoder Setting and Testing Encoder Module Parameters Setting Exercising the Motors RC Output TestingViewing Encoder Data Running the Motors Running the Motors 1- Run/Stop Button 2- Motor Power setting3- Measurement 6- Input Status and Output Setting 4- Real-Time Strip Chart Recorder5- Transmit and Receive Data 4- Reset Timer button Logging Data to Disk7- Data Logging and Timer 8- Joystick Enable Measured Parameter Connecting a JoystickParameter Header Data type/range 2- Command Entry Using the Console1- Terminal Screen Viewing and Logging Data in Analog and R/C Modes Viewing and Logging Data in Analog and R/C ModesLoading and Saving Profiles to Disk 4- Send Reset String Operating the AX3500 over a Wired or Wireless LAN Updating the Controller’s Software Updating the Controller’s Software Updating the Encoder Software Creating Customized Object Files Creating Customized Object Files AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Mechanical Dimensions Mechanical SpecificationsMechanical Dimensions Thermal Considerations Mounting ConsiderationsMechanical Specifications Attaching the Controller Directly to a Chassis Attaching the Controller Directly to a Chassis Precautions to observe Weight Wire DimensionsWire Dimensions AX3500 Motor Controller User’s Manual Mechanical SpecificationsVersion 1.9b. June 1