AMD Confidential

 

 

 

 

 

November 21st, 2008

User Manual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Instruction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supported

 

 

Mnemonic

 

 

Opcode

 

 

 

 

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SGDT mem16:32

 

 

0F

01

/0

 

 

Store

global

descriptor

table

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SGDT mem16:64

 

 

0F

01

/0

 

 

Store

global

descriptor

table

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIDT mem16:32

 

 

0F

01

/1

 

 

Store interrupt descriptor table register to

 

 

 

 

 

 

memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIDT mem16:64

 

 

0F

01

/1

 

 

Store interrupt descriptor table register to

 

 

 

 

 

 

memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

 

local

 

 

SLDT reg16

 

 

0F

00

/0

 

 

descriptor

table

register

to

 

a

 

16-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

 

local

 

 

SLDT reg32

 

 

0F

00

/0

 

 

descriptor

table

register

to

 

a

 

32-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

 

local

 

 

SLDT reg64

 

 

0F

00

/0

 

 

descriptor

table

register

to

 

a

 

64-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

 

local

 

 

SLDT mem16

 

 

0F

00

/0

 

 

descriptor table register to a 16-bit memory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

location.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SMSW reg16

 

 

0F

01

/4

 

 

Store

the

low

16

bits

of

CR0

to

a

 

16-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SMSW reg32

 

 

0F

01

/4

 

 

Store

the

low

32

bits

of

CR0

to

a

 

32-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SMSW reg64

 

 

0F

01

/4

 

 

Store the entire 64 bits of CR0 to a 64-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SMSW mem16

 

 

0F

01

/4

 

 

Store the low 16 bits of CR0 to memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STI

 

 

FB

 

 

 

 

Set interrupt flag (IF) to 1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

task

 

 

STR reg16

 

 

0F

00

/1

 

 

register

to

a

16-bit

 

general-purpose

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

task

 

 

STR reg32

 

 

0F

00

/1

 

 

register

to

a

32-bit

 

general-purpose

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

task

 

 

STR reg64

 

 

0F

00

/1

 

 

register

to

a

64-bit

 

general-purpose

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STR mem16

 

 

0F

00

/1

 

 

Store

the

segment

selector

from

the

task

 

 

 

 

 

 

register to a 16-bit memory location.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SWAPGS

 

 

0F

01

F8

 

 

Exchange GS base with KernelGSBase MSR.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SYSCALL

 

 

0F

05

 

 

 

Call operating system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SYSENTER

 

 

0F

34

 

 

 

Call operating system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SYSEXIT

 

 

0F

35

 

 

 

Return from operating system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SYSRET

 

 

0F

07

 

 

 

Return from operating system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

UD2

 

 

0F

08

 

 

 

Raise an invalid opcode exception.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VERR reg/mem16

 

 

0F

00

/4

 

 

Set the zero flag

(ZF)

to

1

if

the

segment

 

 

 

 

 

 

selected can be read.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VERW

 

 

0F

00

/5

 

 

Set the zero flag

(ZF)

to

1

if

the

segment

 

 

 

 

 

 

selected can be written.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Write modified cache lines to main memory,

 

 

WBINVD

 

 

0F

09

 

 

 

invalidate internal caches, and trigger

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

external cache flushes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WRMSR

 

 

0F

30

 

 

 

Write EDX:EAX to the MSR specified by ECX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 15-9: System Instruction Reference

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A.6.3.1

INT – Interrupt to Vector

 

 

 

Opcode

Instruction

Description

CD

INT

imm8

Interrupt to Vector.

CC

INT

3

Interrupt to Debug Vector.

222

Appendix A

Page 234
Image 234
AMD 4.4.5 user manual Opcode Instruction Description

4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.