AMD Confidential

User Manual

November 21st, 2008

7.17 Raid Device: Compaq SmartArray 5304

The RAID device uses disk images, which are accessed as simulated volumes by the RAID controller. Storage devices like ATA HDD and RAID are implemented with concepts like disk-block cache, journaling, file, and memory stores. This page describes journaling in more detail.

A simulated volume in the RAID device is represented by an image file and one or more optional journals. The combination of an image and zero or more optional journals is used to hold the contents of a simulated volume. While creating a volume assign a disk- image file to it (e.g., “raid.image 0 imagefilename”). One or more additional journals can be added to the image file. The image file uses a data block to store the data, and the journal files use sparse indexing to hold just the blocks that have been changed. Not only does journaling provide an efficient way to access the data blocks in the simulated volume, but it also gives the user the flexibility to change the data-block size.

Journals can be created either in-memory or as file, depending on the use of “addjournal” command. RAID device supports multi-level journaling; i.e., for a created volume, the user can add multiple journals (however, one cannot add a journal after an in-memory journal). Conceptually, the disk image is equivalent to the image and fixed- journal pair.

Journals grow in size as the volumes associated with them are accessed (writes of data- blocks which haven‟t been written before). File-based journals are preferred over in- memory Journaling if a large number of writes are going to be made to the simulated volume.

The journal architecture is index-based, consisting of super blocks, index blocks, and data blocks. This provides a hierarchical indexing mechanism, in which data blocks are accessed by their LBA (logical block address).

Several performance mechanisms are implemented in the RAID device, including Disk Block Cache and Last Sector Hit, which can be viewed at any time using the “raid.status

–v”command.

AMD tested the RAID device both on SUSE Linux-64 and a 32-bit version of Windows 2003 Enterprise Server, using stock drivers to drive this model. This model emulates devices at the volume level, so that the files used to represent the data correspond to logical volumes, not disks. This model associates one logical volume with one image file. The model does not represent the timing of any real system, because data becomes available almost immediately.

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Chapter 7: Device Configuration

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AMD 4.4.5 user manual Raid Device Compaq SmartArray

4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.