AMD Confidential

User Manual

November 21st, 2008

+i – Specifies an x87 floating-point stack operand, ST(i). The value is used only with x87 floating-point instructions. It is added to the hexadecimal byte on the left, forming a one-byte opcode. Valid values range from 0 to 7.

A.6.2 General Purpose Instructions

This chapter describes the function, mnemonic syntax, and opcodes that the simulator simulates. General-purpose instructions are used in basic software execution. Most of these instructions load, store, or operate on data location in the general-purpose registers (GPRs), in memory, or in both. The remaining instructions are used to alter the sequential flow of the program by branching to other locations within the program, or to entirely different programs.

 

 

 

 

 

Instruction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supported

 

 

Mnemonic

 

 

 

Opcode

 

 

 

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AAA

 

37

 

 

 

Create an unpacked BCD number.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AAD

 

 

D5

 

 

 

Adjust two BCD digits in AL and AH.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AAM

 

 

D4

 

 

 

Create

a pair

of unpacked BCD values

 

 

 

 

 

 

in AH and AL.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AAS

 

 

3F

 

 

 

Create

an unpacked

BCD

number from

 

 

 

 

 

 

the contents of the AL register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC AL,imm8

 

14

ib

 

Add imm8 to AL + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC AL,imm16

 

14

iw

 

Add imm16 to AX + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC EAX,imm32

 

15

id

 

Add imm32 to EAX + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC RAX,imm32

 

15

id

 

Add sign-ext. imm32 to RAX + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem8,imm8

 

80

/2 ib

 

Add imm8 to reg/mem8 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem16,imm16

 

81

/2 iw

 

Add imm16 to reg/mem16 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem32,imm32

 

81

/2 id

 

Add imm32 to reg/mem32 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem64,imm32

 

81

/2 id

 

Add sign-ext.

imm32

to

reg/mem64 +

 

 

 

CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem16,imm8

 

83

/2 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem16 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem32,imm8

 

83

/2 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem32 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem64,imm8

 

83

/2 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem64 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem8,reg8

 

10

/r

 

Add reg8 to reg/mem8 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem16,reg16

 

11

/r

 

Add reg16 to reg/mem16 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem32,reg32

 

11

/r

 

Add reg32 to reg/mem32 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg/mem64,reg64

 

11

/r

 

Add reg64 to reg/mem64 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg8,reg/mem8

 

12

/r

 

Add reg/mem8 to reg8 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg16,reg/mem16

 

13

/r

 

Add reg/mem16 to reg16 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg32,reg/mem32

 

13

/r

 

Add reg/mem32 to reg32 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADC reg64,reg/mem64

 

13

/r

 

Add reg/mem64 to reg64 + CF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD AL,imm8

 

04

ib

 

Add imm8 to AL.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD AX,imm16

 

05

iw

 

Add imm16 to AX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD EAX,imm32

 

05

id

 

ADD imm32 to EAX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD RAX,imm64

 

05

id

 

ADD imm64 to RAX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem8,imm8

 

80

/0 ib

 

Add imm8 to reg/mem8.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem16,imm16

 

81

/0 iw

 

Add imm16 to reg/mem16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem32,imm32

 

81

/0 id

 

Add imm32 to reg/mem32.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem64,imm32

 

81

/0 id

 

Add sign-ext. imm32 to reg/mem64.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem16,imm8

 

83

/0 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem32,imm8

 

83

/0 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem32.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem64,imm8

 

83

/0 ib

 

Add sign-ext. imm8 to reg/mem64.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem8,reg8

 

00

/r

 

Add reg8 to reg/mem8.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ADD reg/mem16,reg16

 

01

/r

 

Add reg16 to reg/mem16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix A

189

Page 201
Image 201
AMD 4.4.5 user manual General Purpose Instructions, 189

4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.