AMD Confidential

 

 

 

 

 

November 21st, 2008

User Manual

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Instruction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supported

 

 

Mnemonic

 

 

Opcode

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IRETD

 

 

CF

 

 

 

 

 

Return from interrupt (32-bit operand size).

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IRETQ

 

 

CF

 

 

 

 

 

Return from interrupt (64-bit operand size).

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reads the GDT/LDT descriptor referenced by

 

 

 

 

LAR reg16,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

02

/r

 

 

the

16-bit

source

operand

 

masks

the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attributes with FF00h and saves

the

result

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

in the 16-bit destination register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reads the GDT/LDT descriptor referenced by

 

 

 

 

LAR reg32,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

02

/r

 

 

the

16-bit

source

operand

 

masks

the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attributes with 00FFFF00h and saves the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

result in the 32-bit destination register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reads the GDT/LDT descriptor referenced by

 

 

 

 

LAR reg64,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

02

/r

 

 

the

16-bit

source

operand,

 

masks

the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attributes with 00FFFF00h and saves the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

result in the 64-bit destination register.

 

 

 

 

LGDT mem16:32

 

 

0F

01

/2

 

 

Loads

mem16:32

into

the

global

 

descriptor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

table register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LGDT mem16:64

 

 

0F

01

/2

 

 

Loads

mem16:64

into

the

global

 

descriptor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

table register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIDT mem16:32

 

 

0F

01

/3

 

 

Loads mem16:32 into the interrupt descriptor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

table register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIDT mem16:64

 

 

0F

01

/3

 

 

Loads mem16:64 into the interrupt descriptor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

table register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Load

the 16-bit segment

selector

into

the

 

 

 

 

LLDT reg/mem16

 

 

0F

00

/2

 

 

local descriptor table register and load the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LDT descriptor from the GDT.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LMSW reg/mem16

 

 

0F

01

/6

 

 

Loads

the

lower

4

bits

of the

source into

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the lower 4 bits of CR0.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loads a 16-bit general-purpose register with

 

 

 

 

LSL reg16,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

03

/r

 

 

the segment limit or a selector specified in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a 16-bit memory or register operand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loads a 32-bit general-purpose register with

 

 

 

 

LSL reg32,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

03

/r

 

 

the segment limit or a selector specified in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a 16-bit memory or register operand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loads a 64-bit general-purpose register with

 

 

 

 

LSL reg64,reg/mem16

 

 

0F

03

/r

 

 

the segment limit or a selector specified in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a 16-bit memory or register operand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Load

the 16-bit segment

selector

into

the

 

 

 

 

LTR reg/mem16

 

 

0F

00

/3

 

 

task register and load the TSS descriptor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

from the GDT.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV CRn,reg32

 

 

0F

22

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

of

a

32-bit

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CRn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV CRn,reg64

 

 

0F

22

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

of

a

64-bit

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CRn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV reg32,CRn

 

 

0F

20

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

 

of

CRn

to

 

a

32-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV reg64,CRn

 

 

0F

20

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

 

of

CRn

to

 

a

64-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV DRn,reg32

 

 

0F

21

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

of

a

32-bit

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DRn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV DRn,reg64

 

 

0F

21

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

of

a

64-bit

register

to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DRn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV reg32,DRn

 

 

0F

23

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

 

of

DRn

to

 

a

32-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOV reg64,DRn

 

 

0F

23

/r

 

 

Move

the

contents

 

of

DRn

to

 

a

64-bit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

register.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RDMSR

 

 

0F

32

 

 

 

 

Copy MSR specified by ECX into EDX:EAX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RDPMC

 

 

0F

33

 

 

 

 

Copy

the

performance

monitor

 

counter

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

specified by ECX into EDX:EAX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RDTSC

 

 

0F

31

 

 

 

 

Copy the time-stamp counter into EDX:EAX.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RSM

 

 

0F

AA

 

 

 

 

Resume operation of an interrupted program.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1See Section A.6.3.2, IRET – Return from Interrupt”, on page 225.

Appendix A

221

Page 233
Image 233
AMD 4.4.5 user manual 221

4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.