AMD Confidential

User Manual

November 21st, 2008

∙reg/mem64 – Quadword (64-bit) operand in a GPR register or memory.

∙rel8off – Relative address in the current code segment, in 8-bit offset range.

∙rel16off - Relative address in the current code segment, in 16-bit offset range.

∙rel32off - Relative address in the current code segment, in 32-bit offset range.

∙segReg or sReg – Word (16-bit) operand in a segment register.

∙ST(0) – x87 stack register 0.

∙ST(i) – x87 stack register i, where i is between 0 and 7.

∙xmm – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in an XMM register.

∙xmm1 – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in an XMM register, specified as the left-most (first) operand in the instruction syntax..

∙xmm2 – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in an XMM register, specified as the right-most (second) operand in the instruction syntax.

∙xmm/mem64 – Quadword (64-bit) operand in a 128-bit XMM register or memory.

∙xmm/mem128 – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in a 128-bit operand in an XMM register or memory.

∙xmm1/mem128 – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in a 128-bit operand in an XMM register or memory, specified as the left-most (first) operand in the instruction syntax..

∙xmm2/mem128 – Double quadword (128-bit) operand in a 128-bit operand in an XMM register or memory, specified as the right-most (second) operand in the instruction syntax.

A.6.1.2 Opcode Syntax

In addition to the notation shown in above in “Mnemonic Syntax” on page 186, the following notation indicates the size and type of operands in the syntax of instruction syntax.

∙/digit – Indicates that the ModRM byte specifies only one register or memory (r/m) operand. The digit is specified by the ModRM reg field and is used as an instruction-opcode extension. Valid digit values range from 0 to 7.

∙/r – Indicates that the ModRM byte specifies both a register and operand and a reg/mem (register or memory) operand.

∙cb, cw, cd ,cp – Specified a code-offset value and possibly a new code-segment register value. The value following the opcode is either one byte (cb), two bytes (cw), four bytes (cd), or six bytes (cp).

∙ib, iw, id – Specifies an immediate-operand value. The opcode determines whether the value is signed or unsigned. The value following the opcode, ModRM, or SIB byte is either one byte (ib), two bytes (iw), or four bytes (id). Word and doubleword values start wit the low-order byte.

∙+rb, +rw, +rd, +rq – Specifies a register value that is added to the hexadecimal byte on the left, forming a one-byte opcode. The result is an instruction that operates on the register specified by the register code. Valid register-code values are shown in “AMD x86-64 Architecture: Programmer‟s Manual, Volume 3”.

∙m64 – Specifies a quadword (64-bit) operand in memory.

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Appendix A

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AMD 4.4.5 user manual Opcode Syntax
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4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.
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