AMD Confidential

User Manual

November 21st, 2008

∙mem32int – Doubleword (32-bit) integer operand in memory.

∙mem64real – Double-precision (64-bit) floating-point operand in memory.

∙mem64int – Quadword (64-bit) integer operand in memory.

∙mem80real – Double-extended-precision (80-bit) floating-point operand in memory.

∙mem80dec – 80-bit packed BCD operand in memory, containing 18 4-bit BCD digits.

∙mem2env – 16-bit x87 control word or x87 status word.

∙mem14/28env – 14-byte or 28-byte x87 environment. The x87 environment consists of the x87 control word, x87 status word, x87 tag word, last non-control instruction pointer, last data pointer, and opcode of the last non-control instruction completed.

∙mem94/108env – 94-byte or 108-byte x87 environment and register stack.

∙mem512env – 512-byte environment for 128-bit media, 64-bit media, and x87 instructions.

∙mmx – Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX™ register.

∙mmx1 – Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX register, specified as the left- most (first) operand in the instruction syntax.

∙mmx2 - Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX register, specified as the right- most (second) operand in the instruction syntax.

∙mmx/mem32 – Doubleword (32-bit) operand in an MMX register or memory.

∙mmx/mem64 – Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX register or memory.

∙mmx1/mem64 - Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX register or memory, specified as the left-most (first) operand in the instruction syntax.

∙mmx2/mem64 - Quadword (64-bit) operand in an MMX register or memory, specified as the right-most (second) operand in the instruction syntax.

∙moffset – Memory offset of unspecified size.

∙moffset8 – Operand in memory located at the specified byte (8-bit) offset from the instruction pointer.

∙moffset16 - Operand in memory located at the specified word (16-bit) offset from the instruction pointer.

∙moffset32 - Operand in memory located at the specified doubleword (32-bit) offset from the instruction pointer.

∙pntr16:16 – Far pointer with 16-bit selector and 16-bit offset.

∙pntr16:32 - Far pointer with 16-bit selector and 32-bit offset.

∙reg – Operand of unspecified size in a GPR register.

∙reg8 – Byte (8-bit) operand in a GPR register.

∙reg16 – Word (16-bit) operand in a GPR register.

∙reg16/32 - Word (16-bit) or doubleword (32-bit) operand in a GPR register.

∙reg32 – Doubleword (32-bit) operand in a GPR register.

∙reg64 - Quadword (64-bit) operand in a GPR register.

∙reg/mem8 – Byte (8-bit) operand in a GPR register or memory.

∙reg/mem16 – Word (16-bit) operand in a GPR register or memory.

∙reg/mem32 – Doubleword (32-bit) operand in a GPR register or memory.

Appendix A

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4.4.5 specifications

AMD 4.4.5 is a robust version of the AMD software ecosystem that focuses on enhanced performance, stability, and efficiency for users relying on AMD processors and graphics cards. This iteration brings various features and technologies designed to optimize gaming, professional applications, and general computing tasks.

One of the standout enhancements in AMD 4.4.5 is the integration of Smart Access Memory technology, which allows the CPU to access the full graphics memory directly. This feature enhances data flow between the CPU and GPU, leading to improved frame rates and overall performance, especially in memory-intensive games. Users can experience a marked increase in gaming performance without the need for additional hardware upgrades.

Another significant feature introduced is the updated Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition. This software update encompasses optimizations for various games, ensuring that gamers can enjoy a seamless experience with the latest titles. The Adrenalin interface also provides features such as Radeon Chill, which helps reduce power consumption during less demanding scenes, and Radeon Anti-Lag, designed to minimize input lag and enhance responsiveness in competitive gaming.

Additionally, AMD 4.4.5 brings the latest drivers that include important performance enhancements and bug fixes that allow for greater system stability. Regular updates ensure that users have the best experience with their AMD hardware, and it significantly bolsters compatibility with the latest gaming titles and software applications.

AMD's Enhanced Sync technology offers users the ability to eliminate screen tearing and stuttering while delivering smooth gameplay. It dynamically synchronizes the refresh rate of the display with the frame rates produced by the GPU, improving the visual experience significantly.

With the introduction of FidelityFX Super Resolution, AMD continues to bolster its suite of technologies that enhance graphics quality and performance. This feature allows lower-resolution images to be upscaled effectively, making it easier for users to enjoy high-end visuals without taxing their hardware excessively.

In summary, AMD 4.4.5 represents a comprehensive update for users by integrating cutting-edge technologies that cater to a wide range of applications from gaming to content creation. With enhancements across the board, AMD reaffirms its commitment to providing high-performance solutions that keep pace with the ever-evolving technology landscape. Whether for gaming aficionados or professional creators, the capabilities offered in this version make it a significant milestone in the AMD software ecosystem.
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