Mac OS X Server’s Unix Heritage | Apple 10.6 specs

ÂÂ XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is an open XML-based messaging protocol used for messaging and presence information. XMPP serves as the basis for Mac OS X Server’s Push Notification service, as well as iChat Server, and all publish and subscribe functions for the server.

Mac OS X Server’s UNIX Heritage

Mac OS X Server has a UNIX foundation built around the Mach microkernel and the latest advances from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) open source community. This foundation provides Mac OS X Server with a stable, high-performance, 64-bit computing platform for deploying server-based applications and services.

Mac OS X Server is built on an open source operating system called Darwin, which is part of the BSD family of UNIX-like systems. BSD is a family of UNIX variants descended from Berkeley’s version of UNIX. Also, Mac OS X Server incorporates more than

100 open source projects in addition to proprietary enhancements and extended functionality created by Apple.

The BSD portion of the Mac OS X kernel is derived primarily from FreeBSD, a version of 4.4BSD that offers advanced networking, performance, security, and compatibility features.

In general, BSD variants are derived (sometimes indirectly) from 4.4BSD-Lite Release 2 from the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California at Berkeley.

Although the BSD portion of Mac OS X is primarily derived from FreeBSD, some changes have been made. To find out more about the low-level changes made, see Apple’s Developer documentation for Darwin.

Chapter 1    System Overview and Supported Standards

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Apple 10.6 manual Mac OS X Server’s Unix Heritage

Contents

Mac OS X Server 019-1410/2009-08-15 Contents Enhancing Security Administration Tools Installation and Deployment Initial Server Setup Ongoing System Management Monitoring Your System Index Push Notification Server Contents What’s in This Guide About This Guide To see the most recent server help topics Using Onscreen Help Getting Started Document Road Map Preface About This Guide Getting Additional Information Getting Documentation Updates Standards System Requirements for Installing Mac OS X Server ÂÂ iCal Server What’s New in Mac OS X Server Understanding Server Configuration Methods What’s New in Server Admin Snmp NFS Radius Supported Standards System Overview and Supported Standards System Overview and Supported Standards Mac OS X Server’s Unix Heritage Determining Your Server Needs Planning Server Usage Setting Up a Planning Team Determining Whether to Upgrade or Migrate Determining Services to Host on Each Server Identifying Servers to Set Up Planning Server Usage Defining an Integration Strategy Defining a Migration StrategyMigrating from Windows Defining Physical Infrastructure Requirements Defining Server Setup Infrastructure Requirements Setting up basic server infrastructure Making Sure Required Server Hardware Is Available Minimizing the Need to Relocate Servers After SetupDefining Backup and Restore Policies Understanding Backup and Restore Policies Understanding Backup Types Understanding Restores Understanding Backup Scheduling Defining a Backup Verification Mechanism Other Backup Policy Considerations Understanding Time Machine as a Server Backup Tool Command-Line Backup and Restoration Tools ÂÂ Wiki ÂÂ Xgrid ÂÂ Remote Access Settings ÂÂ Software Update Opening and Authenticating in Server Admin Server Admin M N Server Admin Interface Customizing the Server Admin Environment Server Assistant is used for Server Assistant Workgroup Manager Server Preferences Workgroup Manager Interface Customizing the Workgroup Manager Environment Server Monitor For additional information, see Server Monitor Help ICal Service Utility Interface ICal Service Utility Media Streaming Management System Image Management Server Status Widget Command-Line ToolsRAID Admin Podcast Capture, Composer, and Producer Xgrid Admin Apple Remote Desktop About Physical Security Enhancing Security Network DMZ About Network SecurityFirewalls and Packet Filters MAC Filtering VLANs Payload Encryption Transport Encryption About File Encryption About File SecurityFile and Folder Permissions Secure Delete About Authentication and Authorization ÂÂ Secure Shell SSH You have several options for authenticating users Single Sign-On Public and Private Keys About Certificates, SSL, and Public Key Infrastructure About Certificate Authorities CAs Certificates About Intermediate Trust About IdentitiesAbout Self-Signed Certificates From the command line Certificate Manager in Server AdminTo configure clients to trust a certificate Enhancing Security Readying Certificates To request a signed certificate Creating a Self-Signed CertificateRequesting a Certificate from a Certificate Authority To create a self-signed certificate To create a CA Creating a Certificate Authority Enhancing Security To import an existing OpenSSL style certificate Using a CA to Create a Certificate for Someone ElseImporting a Certificate Identity To create a certificate for someone else Editing a Certificate Managing Certificates To delete a certificate Distributing a CA Public Certificate to ClientsDeleting a Certificate To distribute your certificate to your clients To renew an expiring certificate Using CertificatesRenewing an Expiring Certificate Replacing an Existing Certificate Generating a Key Pair for SSH Key-Based SSH LoginTo do this, run the following commands in Terminal SSH and SSH Keys Key-Based SSH with Scripting Sample Setting Administration Level Privileges Administration Level Security To set Sacl permissions for a service Service Level SecuritySetting Sacl Permissions Security Best Practices Password Guidelines Creating Complex Passwords Gather your information Installation OverviewConfirm you meet the requirements Prepare the target disk Set up the environment Start up the computer from an installation disk Start the installer Gathering the Information You Need Set Up Services SSH During Installation Setting Up Network ServicesAbout the Server Install Disc Connecting to the Directory During Installation Administration Tools CD Preparing an Administrator ComputerMac OS X Server Install Disc Before Starting Up About Starting Up for InstallationTo install Mac OS X Server v10.6 administration tools Starting Up from an Alternate Partition Starting Up from the Install DVDTo start up the computer with the installation disc Prepare the disks and partitions on the target computer Create a restorable image of the Install DVD Restore the image to the alternate partition To create an image of the Install DVD To restore the image to a free volume To access the computer with Server Assistant Remotely Accessing the Install DVD To access the computer with SSH To access the computer with VNCTo access the computer using Screen Sharing Identify the target server Identifying Remote Servers When Installing Mac OS X Server Starting Up from a NetBoot Environment To create a NetInstall image from the Install DVD Preparing Disks for Installing Mac OS X Server Create a NetInstall image from the Install DVD Start up the computer from the NetBoot server ÂÂ Mac OS Extended Journaled, Case-Sensitive aka Hfsx Choosing a File System About Hard Disk Partitioning Partitioning a Disk To partition a disk using Disk Utility About Creating a RAID Set So the command is You cannot create a RAID set from the startup disk To create a RAID set using Disk Utility Diskutil createRAID mirror setName format device device For example Installing Server Software Interactively To install server software locally Installing Locally from the Installation Disc To install on a remote server by using Server Assistant Installing Remotely with Server Assistant Installing Remotely with Screen Sharing and VNC To change a remote computer’s startup disk Changing a Remote Computer’s Startup Disk To use installer to install server software 105 More Interactive Methods of Installation Installing Multiple ServersMost Efficient Methods of Installation Upgrading a Computer from Mac OS X to Mac OS X Server How to Keep Current Information You Need Postponing Server Setup Following InstallationTo postpone setting up Mac OS X Server About Settings Established During Initial Server Setup Connecting to the Network During Initial Server SetupConfiguring Servers with Multiple Ethernet Ports ÂÂ Create Users and Groups Specifying Initial Open Directory Usage ÂÂ Import Users and Groups Not Changing Directory Usage When UpgradingÂÂ Configure Manually Binding a Server to Multiple Directory Servers Setting Up a Server as a Standalone Server To interactively connect to an additional directory server Setting up Servers Interactively Select the target servers from the configuration list To set up servers interactively Using Automatic Server Setup Creating and Saving Setup Data To create a setup data file How a Server Searches for Saved Setup Data Files Using Encryption with Setup Data Files Setting Up Servers Automatically Using Data Saved in a File To set the server serial number To use setup data from a file remotelyCreate the saved setup folder on the remote server Restart the remote server Handling Setup Errors From the command-line Setting Up ServicesAdding Services to the Server View To change services to administer To set up a user account Setting Up Open DirectorySetting Up User Management Setting Up All Other Services Setting Up an Administrator Computer Computers You Can Use to Administer a Server Insert the Mac OS X Server Admin Tools CD Using a Non-Mac OS X Computer for Administration Working with Pre-v10.6 Computers from v10.6 Servers Using the Administration Tools Ports Open By Default Ports Used for Administration Adding and Removing Servers in Server Admin Server Admin Basics To create a server group Grouping Servers Using Smart GroupsGrouping Servers Manually To create a server smart group Working with Settings for a Specific Server Toolbar button Shows 132 Understanding Mac OS X Server Names ÂÂ Directory Service ÂÂ Firewall ÂÂ Mobile AccessÂÂ NetBoot Dhcp Directory Service and Kerberos Firewall Mobile Access Proxy ServicesNetBoot Web ÂÂ MySQL Wiki Certificates for Web and Wiki ServicesMySQL 138 Mailing List Certificates for Mail ServicesÂÂ Certificates for collaboration services Imap and POP IChat Service Address Book ServiceICal Service Certificates for Collaboration Services To change the DNS name of the Podcast Producer computer To change the IP address of the Podcast Producer computer Xgrid Software Update ServerPrint Push Notification To change the DNS name Changing the Server’s DNS Name After SetupChanging the IP Address of a Server Changing the Server’s Computer Name and the Local Hostname To change computer name and local hostname Administering ServicesFrom the command line To export service settings Adding and Removing Services in Server AdminImporting and Exporting Service Settings To add or remove a service in Server Admin To configure service access SACLs Controlling Access to Services Managing Sharing Using SSL for Remote Server Administration Tiered Administration Permissions To assign permissions Defining Administrative PermissionsWorkgroup Manager Basics Working with Users and Groups Administering AccountsOpening and Authenticating in Workgroup Manager 152 Defining Managed Preferences To display the inspector Working with Directory Data General Service Configuration AssistantsCritical Configuration and Data Files Assistants are available for the following services Mail-POP/IMAP Server Dovecot Firewall ServiceMail Service IChat Server NAT Service MySQL Service Tomcat App Server OpenDirectory ServiceNotifications QuickTime Streaming Server Wiki and Blog Server Improving Service AvailabilityWeb Service Eliminating Single Points of Failure Using Xserve for High Availability Following is the Energy Saver panel of System Preferences Setting Up Your Server for Automatic RestartUsing Backup Power Using UPS with Xserve Automatic restart options are To enable automatic restartEnsuring Proper Operational Conditions Providing Open Directory Replication Link Aggregation Link Aggregation Scenarios About the Link Aggregation Control Protocol Lacp Computer to Switch To create a link aggregate Setting Up Link Aggregation in Mac OS X Server To monitor the status of a link aggregate Monitoring Link Aggregation Status Load Balancing Viewing Running Daemons Using launchd for Daemon ControlÂÂ mDNSresponder local network service discovery process Daemon Overview 170 Planning Monitoring Response Planning a Monitoring Policy To configure the Server Status widget Using with Server Status WidgetUsing Server Monitor Using Disk Monitoring Tools Using RAID Admin for Server MonitoringUsing Console for Server Monitoring Using Network Monitoring Tools To see a status overview for one server Using Server Status Notification in Server AdminMonitoring Server Status Overviews Using Server Admin To set a notification Following shows a sample Overview pane for a single server Using Remote Kernel Core Dumps 177 Setting up a core dump server Setting Up a Core Dump Server Restart the computer for the settings to take effect Setting Up a Core Dump ClientSetting up a core dump client About Simple Network Management Protocol Snmp Configuring Common Core Dump Options Enabling Snmp reporting Configuring snmpdTo enable Snmp Restart snmpd to take changes To enable and configure Snmp Customize data Tools to Use with Snmp About Notification and Event Monitoring DaemonsAdditional Information about Snmp There are two main notification daemons syslogd and emond Syslog Logging To start debugging at startup Directory Service Debug LoggingSyslog Configuration File Open Directory Logging To run slapd in debugging mode To enable client-side loggingAdditional Monitoring Aids AFP Logging About Push Notification Server Push Notification Server Starting and Stopping Push Notification To enable Push Notification To change the existing push notification server Changing a Service’s Push Notification ServerClick Save, then restart the service Index 192 193 194 195 196 197