Apple 10.6 manual Understanding Backup Types

Your organization must determine the following: ÂÂ What must be backed up?

ÂÂ What should not be backed up (as per organization policy)? ÂÂ How granular are the restoration needs?

ÂÂ How often is the data backed up?

ÂÂ How accessible is the data: in other words, how much time will it take to restore it? ÂÂ What processes are in place to recover from a disaster during a backup or restore?

The answers to these questions are an integral part of your backup and restore policy.

Understanding Backup Types

There are many types of backup files (explained below), and within each type are many formats and methods. Each backup type serves a unique purpose and has its own considerations.

ÂÂ Full Images: Full images are byte-level copies of data. They capture the state of the hard disk down to the most basic storage unit. These backups also keep copies of the disk filesystem and the unused or erased portion of the disk in question.They can be used for forensic study of the source disk medium. Such detail often makes file restoration unwieldy. Full Image backups are often compressed and are only decompressed to restore the entire file set.

ÂÂ Full File-level Copies: Full file-level copies are backups that are kept as duplicates. They do not capture the finest detail of unused portions of the source disk, but they do provide a full record of the files as they existed at the time of backup. If a file changes, the next full file-level backup copies the entire data set in addition to the file that changed.

ÂÂ Incremental Backups: Incremental backups start with file-level copies, but they only copy files changed since the last backup. This saves storage space and captures changes as they happen.

ÂÂ Snapshots: Snapshots are copies of data as it was in the past. You can make snapshots from collections of files, or more often from links to other files in a backup file set. Snapshots are useful for making backups of volatile data (data that changes quickly), like databases in use or mail servers sending and receiving mail.

These backup types are not mutually exclusive. They exemplify different approaches to copying data for backup purposes. For example, Time Machine uses a full file-level copy as a base backup; then it uses incremental backups to create snapshots of a computer’s data on a given day.

Chapter 2    Planning Server Usage

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